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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Published by Badan Penelitian dan Penegembangan Kehutanan
ISSN : 23557079     EISSN : 24068195     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research (IJFR) was first published as Journal of Forestry Research (JFR) on November 2004. The last issue of JFR was Volume 10 Number 2 published on December 2013. The Journal of Forestry Research has been accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences since 2008. The last accreditation was on 21 June 2013 (accredition number: 538/AU3/P2MI-LIPI/06/2013) which will be valid until 2016. IJFR will be issued in one volume every year including two issues which will be delivered every April and October. This journal is published by Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA), Indonesia.
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Articles 498 Documents
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CARBON CYCLES, NITROGEN FIXATION AND THE LEGUME-RHIZOBIA SYMBIOSIS AS SOIL CONTAMINANT BIOTEST SYSTEM Werner, Dietrich
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 5, No 1 (2008): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

The major pools and turnover  rates of the global carbon (C) cycles are presented and compared to the human production of CO2  from the burning of fossil fuels (e.g. coal and oil) and geothermal  fuels (natural  gases), both categorized as non-renewable energy resources which  in amount  reaches around  6.5 Gigatons C per year. These pools that serve as C-holding stallions  are in the atmosphere,  the land plant biomass, the organic soils carbon, the ocean carbon and the lithosphere. In another related case, the present focus in the area of nitrogen  fixation  is discussed with  data on world  production of grain  legumes  compared  to cereals production and nitrogen  fertilizer use. The focus to understand  the molecular  biology of the legume-rhizobia symbiosis as a major contributor to nitrogen  fixation  is in the areas of signal exchange between  host plants and rhizobia  in the rhizophere including  the nod factor signalling, the infection  and nodule compartmentation and the soils stress factors affecting the symbiosis. The use of the Legume-Rhizobia symbiosis as a biotest system for soil contaminants includes data for cadmium,  arsenate, atrazine,  lindane,  fluoranthene, phenantrene and acenaphthene and also results  on the mechanism,  why the symbiotic system is more sensitive  than test systems with plant growth  parameters.
VARIATION IN BIOFUEL POTENTIAL OF TWELVE CALOPYLLUM INOPHYLLUM POPULATIONS IN INDONESIA Leksono, Budi; Hendrati, Rina Laksmi; Windyarini, Eritrina; Hasnah, Trimaria
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

Global energy crisis raises biofuel prices significantly. It has driven the world to enhance  environmentally-friendly renewable-energy (biofuel) production. Calophyllum inophyllum (Nyamplung) is one of the potential biofuel sources, extracted from its seeds which can be harvested up to 50 years. Technical-practices of biofuel production for nyamplung seeds have been developed at industrial scale by cooperations in Cilacap (Java) and Energy Self-Sufficient Villages (Desa Mandiri Energi) in Banyuwangi, Purworejo, Kebumen, Ujung Kulon (Java) and Selayar (outside Java). However, there is only a limited-information available on biofuel productivity and quality from nyamplung  populations. This paper studies the biofuel-potential-variations among 12 populations in Indonesia (6 from Java, 6 outside Java) in terms of genetically-improved seed-sources. The oil was extracted using a combination of vertical hot press  (VHP) and screw press expeller (SPE) followed by degumming to make refined oil, and esterification-transesterification to turn it into biodiesel. The result shows great variation of biofuel content among the population. Oil production percentage varies from 37-48,5% (VHP) and 50-58% (SPE) crude oil, 36-48% (VHP) and 40-53% (SPE) refined oil, and 17-33% (SPE) for biodiesel. The highest variation after degumming is due to high seed resin content. DNA analysis shows genetic-variations among populations from intermediate (Java) to high (ouside Java) and intermediate within populations. Information of biofuel content, DNA analysis and environmental conditions for each population are considered to be important factors to establish genetically-improved seed-sources.
DIVERSITY OF PLANT COMMUNITIES IN SECONDARY SUCCESSION OF IMPERATA GRASSLANDS OF EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA Yassir, Ishak; Arbainsyah, Arbainsyah
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

Regeneration of Imperata grassland areas is becoming increasingly important, both to create new secondary forest and to recover the original biodiversity. We studied the diversity of plant communities in secondary succession of Imperata grasslands using 45 subplots of 9 linear transects (10 m x 100 m). Data was collected and all stems over 10 cm dbh were identified  , the Importance Values Index (IVI) for all trees were calculated, saplings and seedlings were counted  and analysed, and soil samples were taken and analysed. Results showed that  after more than 10 years of regeneration, 65 families were encountered consisting of 164 species, which were dominated by Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham, Vitex pinnata L., Macaranga gigantea (Reichb.f. & Zoll.) Muell.Arg., Symplocos crassipes C.B. Clarke, Artocarpus odoratissimus Miq., and Bridelia glauca Blume. The effects of regeneration, from Imperata grassland to secondary forest, on soil were the strongest in the A-horizon where an increase in carbon, N content, and pH were observed. Our result shows that Imperata grasslands appear to be permanent because of frequent fires and human interferences and so far few efforts have been made to promote sustainable rehabilitation. If protected from fire and other disturbances, such as shifting cultivation, Imperata grassland will grow and develop into secondary forest.
ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR ESTIMATING ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS IN PAPUA TROPICAL FOREST Maulana, Sandhi Imam
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

Allometric equations can be used to estimate the biomass and carbon stock of the forest. However, so far the allometric equations for commercial species in Papua tropical forests have not been appropriately developed. In this research, allometric equations are presented based on the genera of commercial species. Few equations have been developed for the commercial species of Intsia, Pometia, Palaquium and Vatica genera and an equation of a mix of these genera. The number of trees sampled in this research was 49, with diameters (1,30 m above ground or above buttresses) ranging from 5 to 40 cm. Destructive sampling was used to collect the samples where Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and Wood Density (WD) were used as predictors for dry weight of Total Above-Ground Biomass (TAGB). Model comparison and selection were based on the values of F-statistics, R-sq, R-sq (adj), and average deviation. Based on these statistical indicators, the most suitable model for Intsia, Pometia, Palaquium and Vatica genera respectively are Log(TAGB) = -0,76 + 2,51Log(DBH), Log(TAGB) = -0,84 + 2,57Log(DBH), Log(TAGB) = -1,52 + 2,96Log(DBH), and Log(TAGB) = -0.09 + 2,08Log(DBH). Additional explanatory variables such as Commercial Bole Height (CBH) do not really increase the indicators’ goodness of fit for the equation. An alternative model to incorporate wood density should  be considered for estimating the above ground biomass for mixed genera.  Comparing the presented mixed-genera equation; Log(TAGB) = 0,205 + 2,08Log(DBH) + 1,75Log(WD), R-sq: 97,00%, R-sq (adj): 96,90%, F-statistics 750,67, average deviation: 3,50%; to previously published data shows that this local species-specific equation differs substantially from previously published equations and this site-specific equation is  considered to give a better estimation of biomass.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL TREE HEIGHT AND DIAMETER AT BREAST HEIGHT FOR TROPICAL PEAT SWAMP FOREST TREE SPECIES IN ROKAN HILIR DISTRICT, RIAU PROVINCE Nugroho, Nunung Puji
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

Reliable information on total tree height (H) is fundamental of forest resource management and forest ecological studies, including assessment of forest biomass. Adding an H variable can improve the performance of the allometric equations of the biomass by reducing the average deviation significantly. However, measuring H is relatively complex, less accurate, time consuming, and expensive. Thus, H is only measured for sampled trees within the plots, whilst diameter at breast height (DBH) is commonly measured for each tree during the forest inventory. The missing H information is usually estimated based on a stand-specific allometric relationship between H and DBH (H-D model) constructed from sampled trees. Despite extensive studies on H-D model for boreal forests and for single-species/plantation forests, few studies have focused on tropical forests. Furthermore, relationship for peat swamp forest tree species, and especially those in Indonesia, have not been widely published. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop site-specific H-D models for tropical peat swamp forests using linearized and non-linear regression functions. The results indicated that the non-linear models outperformed the linearized models based on the statistical parameters and the biological criteria. The modified logistic function (Model 7) is recommended for estimating H in the study area as it has comparable model performances to the exponential function (Model 6) and passed the diameter-height point of (0, 1.3). However, all five non-linear models performed equally well and the differences between them were trivial. Further improvements are needed to improve the accuracy, the predictive ability and the geographical applicability of the models by grouping the species, adding stand variables and (or) using advanced techniques of mixed-effect modelling. In addition, model validation should be carried out prior to their application by collecting new datasets from the forest being studied.
EFFECT OF SAPPAN WOOD (Caesalpinia sappan L) EXTRACT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN WHITE RATS Saefudin, Saefudin; Pasaribu, Gunawan; Sofnie, Sofnie; Basri, Efrida
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

Sappan wood or kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) was reported of having medicinal properties,  such as  natural antioxidant, relieve vomiting of blood, and mix of ingredients for malaria drugs.  The research was conducted to study the influence of ethanol extract from sappan wood on blood glucose level of white rats. The study of the blood glucose level in rats was carried out by using glucose tolerance method. It was measured by Refloluxs (Accutrend GC) with Chloropropamide 50 mg/200 g BW (Body weight) as positive control. The ethanol extracts were used in various concentrations 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/200 g BW per-oral and was observed every  hour,  beginning one hour before to 7 hours after the extract being administered. The results showed that treatment of ethanol extract of sappan wood by administer doses gave remarkable effect on the blood glucose level in white rat. It reduced the glucose level in the blood compared to the negative and positive control. Treatment of dose 30 mg/200 g BW gave similar effect to positive controls, while a dose of 50 mg/200 g BW gave lower blood glucose level (93 mg/dl) than the positive controls.
THE EFFECT OF SILVICULTURAL TREATMENT ON STAND GROWTH OF LOGGED-OVER FOREST IN SOUTH PAPUA Kuswandi, Relawan
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

Forest stand structure could be used as one of the variables in deciding the possibility to harvest forest product. On logged-over forests, data and information over stand structure could become the basis for decision making for harvesting. To measure and analyze yield on logged-over forest, each forest management unit (IUPHHK) is obligated to establish Permanent Sample Plots (PSPs) for monitoring the growth and yield of the managed stand. In some of the plots, maintenances and thinning treatments are applied while other plots are not treated.  The results, after several years of observations, showed that there was a difference in stand structure (tree number) of each diameter class both in plots with treatment and without treatment. The rate of in-growth, up-growth and mortality varied between plots without and with treatment in each diameter class and length of time after harvesting. The average diameter increment of trees in the stands of the untreated plots was higher (0.60 cm yr-1) compared to the treated plots (0.55 cm yr-1).
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER DYNAMICS UPON SECONDARY SUCCESSION IN IMPERATA GRASSLAND, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA Yassir, Ishak; Buurman, Peter
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

Soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics upon secondary succession in Imperata grassland was studied by stable carbon isotope analysis. The data of litter and soil samples of twenty plots in four different stages of successions were compared. These different stages were represented by plots that were; (1) burnt 3 years before sampling/observation (Imperata grassland), (2) burnt 9 years before sampling /observation, (3) secondary forest (≥15 years) and (4) primary forest. The results showed that isotopic signatures of all soil horizons of the regeneration stages were statistically different from those of the primary forest. The A-horizon under the 3-years Imperata plot still contained 23% forest (C3) carbon, and this fraction increased to 51% in the-B-horizon. In the 9-years plot and in the secondary forest, the C3 carbon in the A-horizon increased to 51% and 96%, respectively.  In the topsoil, the loss of C4-C between the 3-years and the 9-years plot was significant, while it appeared negligible in the AB-horizon. The strong decay in the topsoil under Imperata grassland may be due to the rather high carbohydrate content of the SOM, which is considered easily decomposable. Further research is needed especially to explore the relation between carbon stocks and chemical composition of SOM. Such insight may help to better understand and predict soil carbon changes in relation to climate and vegetation change.
LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR LAND USE SECTOR IN CILIWUNG MIDDLE-STREAM WATERSHED Sularso, Gamma Nur Merrillia; Tambunan, Rudy P.; Atmoko, Andreo Wahyudi
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

The second (2nd) and third (3rd) segment of Ciliwung middle-stream watershed land use have changed drastically over the past two decades. This paper analyses the land use change from 1989-2012 and its impact on decreasing carbon stock or increasing CO2eq emission, as well as to establish projected Reference Level (RL) to 2020. Best RL projection was used to establish the Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) in both segments. The land use changing from 1989-2012 indicated a reduction of green space area by 2,575.57 ha whereas the non-green space area increased by 2,575.57 ha. These changes decreases the carbon stock by 26,900 ton C and released CO2eq emission by about 98,723 ton CO2eq. Population growth, demand on land and land constraints were found to be the driving factors of land use changes in this area. Reference Level 2020 was established based on business as usual (BAU) and forward looking (FL) scenarios. The projection showed that FL was the best scenario which estimated carbon storage at 217,610 ton C in 2020. Low carbon development strategy directed to the area of green space added up to 20% carbon storage through the implementation of the strategy based on green space and non-green space which covered the areas from protection, supervision, extension or awareness and law enforcement.
ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS DISTINGUISHER FOR AGARWOOD QUALITIES Pasaribu, Gunawan; Waluyo, Totok K.Waluyo K.; Pari, Gustan
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

Gaharu (Agarwood) described as a fragrant-smelling wood that is usually derived from the trunk of the genus Aquilaria and Gyrinops (both of the family Thymelaeaceae), which have been infected by a particular disease.  Based on Indonesian National Standard, agarwood can be classified into various grades, i.e. gubal gaharu, kemedangan and serbuk gaharu.  The grading system is based on the color, weight, and odor.  It seems that such a grading is too subjective for agarwood classification.  Therefore, to minimize the subjectivity, more objective agarwood grading is required, which incorporates its chemical composition and resin content.  This research was conducted focusing on the analysis of the particular grade of agarwood originating from West Sumatra.  The different types of agarwood qualities are: kemedangan C, teri C, kacangan C and super AB.  Initially, the obtained agarwood samples were grounded to powder, extracted on a Soxhlet extractor using various organic solvents (i.e. n-hexane, acetone, and methanol).  The agarwood-acetone extracts were analyzed using GC-MS to determine its chemical composition.  The results showed a positive, linier relationship in which the resin yield increased with the increase in agarwood quality grades. GC-MS analysis revealed that several sesquiterpene groups can be found in kemedangan C, teri C, kacangan C and super AB qualities. It is interesting that aromadendrene could be identified or found in all agarwood quality grades.  Therefore, it is presumed that the aromadendrene compounds can act as an effective chemical distinguisher for agarwood, whereby the greater the aromadendrene content, the better is the agarwood grade.

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