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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
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Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007" : 12 Documents clear
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOMATIC EMBRYOS OF SAGO (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Kasi, Pauline D.; ., Sumaryono
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Development of somatic embryos of sago (Metroxylon saguRottb.) on agar-solidified medium are highly varied producingheterogeneous seedlings. Understanding of this phenomenon mayhelp in improving the cultural procedures and conditions of sagosomatic embryogenesis to obtain uniform seedlings in a largescale. This experiment was conducted at the laboratory for plantcell culture and micropropagation, Indonesian BiotechnologyResearch Institute for Estate Crops from January to March 2006to examine morphological changes i.e. color and developmentstages of sago during their somatic embryo development on anagar-solidified medium. Twenty single globular somatic embryosof sago with specific color (yellowish, greenish, and reddish)were cultured in a Petri dish supplemented with a solid medium.The medium was a micronutrients-modified MS (MMS) withhalf strength of macronutrients containing 0.01 mg l-1 ABA, 2mg l-1 kinetin, 20 g l-1 sucrose, 0.5 g l-1 activated charcoal, and2 g l-1 gelrite. Parameter observed was the percentage ofembryo’s number based on color and developmental stage. Theresult showed that at the end of 6-week culture passage, mostoriginally greenish (80.8%) and reddish (95.8%) embryosremained unchanged in their colors, whereas almost half of theoriginally yellowish embryos turned to greenish and only 30%remained yellowish. At the same time, single globular embryoshave changed gradually into the next developmental stages,although not all of the embryos were germinated. The initialcolor of embryo affected the rate of the developmental stagechanges. Yellowish and greenish globular embryos developedmore rapidly into cotyledon or germinant stages at 58% and55% respectively, in 6 weeks than the reddish ones (41%).Therefore, the yellowish and greenish embryos are the bestsources of material for in vitro mass propagation and syntheticseed production of sago.
DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL STALK ROT (Pectobacterium chrysanthemi pv. zeae Burk., McFad. and Dim.) IN CORN (Zea mays L.) Subekti, Nuning A.; Salazar, Artemio M.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

One of the major disease problems affecting maize farming inthe Philippines is bacterial stalk rot (BSR) caused by Pectobacteriumchrysanthemi pv. zeae Burk., McFad. and Dim., whichis formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi. The annual lossdue to BSR is estimated at PhP. 20 million equivalent to Rp3.5billion. At present, there is no effective control method againstBSR and, therefore, varietal improvement through breedingresistant germplasms is needed. The present study aimed todetermine the combining ability and the extent of additive andnon-additive genetic effects in corn inbred lines with a rangeof reaction to BSR. Four resistant lines (S3YB 137-1-1-B, TUPI(S3) 5-1-B, TUPI (S3) 15-2-B, and 97-835) and two susceptiblelines (CML 295 and 97-733) were used as genetic materials.Generation of test entries and evaluation of disease resistancewere conducted at the experimental farm station of Universityof the Philippines Los Banos and Institute of Plant BreedingLos Banos, respectively, during 2002 to 2003 wet seasons.Griffing’s diallel mating system Model 1, Method 1 was followedin generating the test entries to make a total of 36 entries (sixselfed parental lines and 15 each of F1 crosses and their reciprocalcrosses). The entries were then evaluated for diseaseresistance in a yield trial following a randomized complete blockdesign (RCBD) with two replications. Results of diallel analysisshowed two lines, S3YB 137-1-1-B and TUPI (S3) 5-1-B,exhibited the best general combining ability (GCA) for resistanceto BSR, while the crosses S3YB 137-1-1-B x TUPI (S3)5-1-B and TUPI (S3) 5-1-B x 97-835 performed the bestspecific combining ability (SCA) for the resistance. GCA effectwas greater than that of SCA. This indicated that additive geneeffects were found to be more important than non-additive geneeffects in the expression of resistance to BSR in the six cornlines used. Therefore, breeding programs towards recurrentselection that emphasize GCA would be more appropriate forBSR resistance improvement involving those six lines.
THE INHERITANCE OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FIVE WHEAT HYBRID POPULATIONS UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS Khaliq, Ihsan; Maekawa, Masahiko; Ahmed, Nisar; Chowdhry, Muhammad Aslam
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

The magnitude of genetic inheritance and expected genetic advanceare important for the prediction of response to selectionin diverse environments and provide the basis for planning andevaluating breeding programs. This work investigated the inheritanceof traits related to drought in wheat under naturaldrought conditions. Cross combinations were made to produceF1 and F2 hybrid populations, which were evaluated in a randomizedcompleted block design with three replications at Universityof Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Six wheat varieties/linesand six derived F2 hybrids were studied to ascertain heritabilityand genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity,number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of grains perspike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant. Data werecollected and subjected to statistical genetic analyses. Heritabilityestimates and expected genetic advance for plant height,days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, 1000-grainweight and grain yield per plant were high for the entire crosscombinations while the estimates for spike length and numberof grains per spike were relatively low. Our results suggest thatimprovement for these characters should be faster because ofhigher heritabilities and greater phenotypic variation. Prospectsof genetic improvement for all the characters studied are evident.The most promising cross combinations were WL60 × LU26Sand WL61 × LU26S. These traits, therefore, deserve better attentionin future breeding programs for evolving better wheatfor stress environments.[Keywords: Triticum aestivum, plant breeding, drought resistance,yield components, genetic gain, heritability]
REGENERATION OF Pimpinella pruatjan THROUGH SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS Roostika, I.; Purnamaningsih, R.; Darwati, I.; Mariska, I.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian endangeredplant which has various medicinal properties such asaphrodisiac, diuretic, and tonic. The plant is commonly harvestedfrom its natural habitat, therefore it becomes endangered. Regenerationof pruatjan through organogenesis has been studied,but its shoot multiplication was very low (5 shoots per explant).The study aimed to investigate the best regeneration techniqueof pruatjan through somatic embryogenesis. This research wasconducted at the tissue culture laboratory, Indonesian Centerfor Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Researchand Development in 2004-2005. Callus formation of pruatjanwas induced from the petioles and leaves in Driver andKuniyaki’s (DKW) based medium containing 2,4-D combinedwith picloram at the level of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.5 ppm. Embryogeniccalli were then transferred into embryo developmentmedium in two ways. First, they were directly transferred intomedia containing IBA/NAA at the level of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm.Second, they were indirectly transferred into media containing2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate prior to the IBA/NAA media. Parameters evaluated were fresh weight, dryweight, time initiation of embryogenic callus formation, andtotal number of embryos. The result showed that calli ofpruatjan were successfully induced from the petioles and leaves.The best calli were induced from the leaves in the DKWmedium containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.5 ppm picloram.Embryo development of the calli was best if they were firstgrown in the media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% caseinhydrolysate then transferred to the IBA/NAA media. The totalnumber of somatic embryos was counted up to 103 on themedium containing 1.5 ppm IBA. This study indicated thatpruatjan somatic embryogenesis regeneration required threedifferent media, i.e. for callus induction, development andmaturation, and for germination.
SOIL PROPERTIES OF THE ALLUVIAL PLAIN AND ITS POTENTIAL USE FOR AGRICULTURE IN DONGGALA REGION, CENTRAL SULAWESI Al-Jabri, M.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Agricultural lands of Donggala region are extensively distributedin alluvial plain. However, information on soil properties andfertility constraints has not been known in detail. An investigationof soil resources was conducted in September 2003 andDecember 2004 to characterize surface soil properties of alluvialplain and to evaluate soil fertility constraints. For this study,55 representative soil profiles consisting of 187 soil sampleswere selected for physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses.The soil profiles were classified as soil groups of Ustifluvents,Haplustepts, Eutrudepts, and Endoaquepts. All the soil physicaland chemical data were calculated as weighted average based ontop 30 cm soil layer analyses. The results showed that soil textureranged from sandy loam to loam. In ustic moisture regime,the average pH was neutral (7.0-7.2), but in udic moisture regimeit was slightly acid (5.5-6.2). In all soil groups, the organiccarbon content was very low to low (0.58-1.44%), P retentionwas very low (3-18%), and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC)was very low to low (9-14 cmol(+) kg-1). In contrast, all the soilgroups showed very high content of potential phosphate (81-118 mg P2O5 100 g-1) and potassium (338-475 mg K2O 100 g-1),but the available phosphate and potassium were 16-47 mg kg-1P and 0.18-0.35 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively, which were consideredto be low to medium range. The very high P2O5 and K2O wereprobably derived from weathered mica-schist and granite rocks,but low exchangeable K was probably due to K fixation. Thesand mineral fraction was composed of relatively high (> 20%)weatherable minerals of acid parent materials, such as orthoclaseand sanidine, while the clay mineral was composed ofsmectite and illite. The low soil-CEC, low organic matter, andexchangeable K contents were the main soil fertility constraints.Therefore, soil management should be directed to organic matterapplication to increase soil carbon content, CEC, and nutrientavailability. Fertilizer recommendation for wetland rice and severalupland crops is suggested based on the soil properties.
CHANGES OF SUCROSE CONTENT AND INVERTASE ACTIVITY DURING SUGARCANE STEM STORAGE Siswoyo, Tri Agus; Oktavianawati, Ika; ., Djenal; Sugiharto, Bambang; Murdiyanto, Untung
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

ABSTRACTInvertases (beta-D-fructofuranosidase, E.C. 3.2.1.26) are the keyenzymes involved in sucrose metabolism in sugarcane plants.They are highly correlated with sucrose and reducing sugar contentsduring plant growth. The sugarcane plants have two kindsof invertases, namely neutral invertase (NI) and acid invertase(AI). They have different function in sucrose accumulation.The research aimed to study the role of AI and NI in accumulationof reducing sugar during storage of sugarcane stems. Plantmaterials of 18-month-old field grown sugarcane of the commercialvariety R-579 (wet-land) and M 442-51 (dry-land) wereused. Three internodes were sampled to represent immature(internode 1-8/F1), maturing (internode 9-16/F2), and mature(internode 17-24/F3) stem tissues. All tissues were stored for0-9 days at room temperature (28-32oC) and each day, the samplewas extracted to determine invertase activity, total solubleprotein, and sugar contents. This observation was valid forinvertase activity expressed on a protein basis. At the initiateharvested (0-3 days), NI had a higher specific activity than AIin the sucrose-accumulating region of the sugarcane stems.Negative significant correlation was found between NI specificactivity and sucrose accumulation (r2 = 0.41, P < 0.05). AIshowed a higher specific activity after 4 days harvested and hadnegative correlation with sucrose accumulation (r2 = 0.40, P <0.05). These results showed that NI could be more responsiblein sucrose hydrolisis than AI at early storage of sugarcane stems.
DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL STALK ROT (Pectobacterium chrysanthemi pv. zeae Burk., McFad. and Dim.) IN CORN (Zea mays L.) Nuning A. Subekti; Artemio M. Salazar
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v8n2.2007.p48-52

Abstract

One of the major disease problems affecting maize farming in the Philippines is bacterial stalk rot (BSR) caused by Pectobacterium chrysanthemi pv. zeae Burk., McFad. and Dim., which is formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi. The annual loss due to BSR is estimated at PhP. 20 million equivalent to Rp3.5 billion. At present, there is no effective control method against BSR and, therefore, varietal improvement through breeding resistant germplasms is needed. The present study aimed to determine the combining ability and the extent of additive and non-additive genetic effects in corn inbred lines with a range of reaction to BSR. Four resistant lines (S3YB 137-1-1-B, TUPI (S3) 5-1-B, TUPI (S3) 15-2-B, and 97-835) and two susceptible lines (CML 295 and 97-733) were used as genetic materials. Generation of test entries and evaluation of disease resistance were conducted at the experimental farm station of University of the Philippines Los Banos and Institute of Plant Breeding Los Banos, respectively, during 2002 to 2003 wet seasons. Griffing’s diallel mating system Model 1, Method 1 was followed in generating the test entries to make a total of 36 entries (six selfed parental lines and 15 each of F1 crosses and their reciprocalcrosses). The entries were then evaluated for disease resistance in a yield trial following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications. Results of diallel analysisshowed two lines, S3YB 137-1-1-B and TUPI (S3) 5-1-B, exhibited the best general combining ability (GCA) for resistance to BSR, while the crosses S3YB 137-1-1-B x TUPI (S3) 5-1-B and TUPI (S3) 5-1-B x 97-835 performed the best specific combining ability (SCA) for the resistance. GCA effect was greater than that of SCA. This indicated that additive gene effects were found to be more important than non-additive gene effects in the expression of resistance to BSR in the six corn lines used. Therefore, breeding programs towards recurrent selection that emphasize GCA would be more appropriate forBSR resistance improvement involving those six lines.
THE INHERITANCE OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FIVE WHEAT HYBRID POPULATIONS UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS Nisar Ahmed; Muhammad Aslam Chowdhry; Ihsan Khaliq; Masahiko Maekawa
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v8n2.2007.p53-59

Abstract

The magnitude of genetic inheritance and expected genetic advance are important for the prediction of response to selection in diverse environments and provide the basis for planning and evaluating breeding programs. This work investigated the inheritance of traits related to drought in wheat under natural drought conditions. Cross combinations were made to produce F1 and F2 hybrid populations, which were evaluated in a randomized completed block design with three replications at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Six wheat varieties/lines and six derived F2 hybrids were studied to ascertain heritability and genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant. Data were collected and subjected to statistical genetic analyses. Heritability estimates and expected genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant were high for the entire cross combinations while the estimates for spike length and number of grains per spike were relatively low. Our results suggest that improvement for these characters should be faster because of higher heritabilities and greater phenotypic variation. Prospects of genetic improvement for all the characters studied are evident. The most promising cross combinations were WL60 × LU26S and WL61 × LU26S. These traits, therefore, deserve better attention in future breeding programs for evolving better wheat for stress environments. 
REGENERATION OF Pimpinella pruatjan THROUGH SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS I. Roostika; R. Purnamaningsih; I. Darwati; I. Mariska
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v8n2.2007.p60-66

Abstract

Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian endangered plant which has various medicinal properties such as aphrodisiac, diuretic, and tonic. The plant is commonly harvested from its natural habitat, therefore it becomes endangered. Regeneration of pruatjan through organogenesis has been studied, but its shoot multiplication was very low (5 shoots per explant). The study aimed to investigate the best regeneration technique of pruatjan through somatic embryogenesis. This research was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development in 2004-2005. Callus formation of pruatjan was induced from the petioles and leaves in Driver and Kuniyaki’s (DKW) based medium containing 2,4-D combined with picloram at the level of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.5 ppm. Embryogenic calli were then transferred into embryo development medium in two ways. First, they were directly transferred into media containing IBA/NAA at the level of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm. Second, they were indirectly transferred into media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate prior to the IBA/ NAA media. Parameters evaluated were fresh weight, dry weight, time initiation of embryogenic callus formation, and total number of embryos. The result showed that calli of pruatjan were successfully induced from the petioles and leaves. The best calli were induced from the leaves in the DKW medium containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.5 ppm picloram. Embryo development of the calli was best if they were first grown in the media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate then transferred to the IBA/NAA media. The total number of somatic embryos was counted up to 103 on the medium containing 1.5 ppm IBA. This study indicated that pruatjan somatic embryogenesis regeneration required three different media, i.e. for callus induction, development and maturation, and for germination.
SOIL PROPERTIES OF THE ALLUVIAL PLAIN AND ITS POTENTIAL USE FOR AGRICULTURE IN DONGGALA REGION, CENTRAL SULAWESI M. Al-Jabri
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v8n2.2007.p67-74

Abstract

Agricultural lands of Donggala region are extensively distributed in alluvial plain. However, information on soil properties and fertility constraints has not been known in detail. An investigation of soil resources was conducted in September 2003 and December 2004 to characterize surface soil properties of alluvial plain and to evaluate soil fertility constraints. For this study, 55 representative soil profiles consisting of 187 soil samples were selected for physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses. The soil profiles were classified as soil groups of Ustifluvents, Haplustepts, Eutrudepts, and Endoaquepts. All the soil physical and chemical data were calculated as weighted average based on top 30 cm soil layer analyses. The results showed that soil texture ranged from sandy loam to loam. In ustic moisture regime, the average pH was neutral (7.0-7.2), but in udic moisture regime it was slightly acid (5.5-6.2). In all soil groups, the organic carbon content was very low to low (0.58-1.44%), P retention was very low (3-18%), and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) was very low to low (9-14 cmol(+) kg-1). In contrast, all the soil groups showed very high content of potential phosphate (81- 118 mg P2O5 100 g-1) and potassium (338-475 mg K2O 100 g-1), but the available phosphate and potassium were 16-47 mg kg-1 P and 0.18-0.35 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively, which were considered to be low to medium range. The very high P2O5 and K2O were probably derived from weathered mica-schist and granite rocks, but low exchangeable K was probably due to K fixation. The sand mineral fraction was composed of relatively high (> 20%) weatherable minerals of acid parent materials, such as orthoclase and sanidine, while the clay mineral was composed of smectite and illite. The low soil-CEC, low organic matter, and exchangeable K contents were the main soil fertility constraints. Therefore, soil management should be directed to organic matter application to increase soil carbon content, CEC, and nutrient availability. Fertilizer recommendation for wetland rice and several upland crops is suggested based on the soil properties.

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