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INDONESIA
Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 18 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010" : 18 Documents clear
Cara Pengendalian Nonkimiawi terhadap Serangga Vektor Kutudaun dan Intensitas Serangan Penyakit Virus Mosaik pada Tanaman Cabai Merah Gunaeni, Nani; Wulandari, AW
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penyakit virus mosaik pada cabai merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang disebabkan olehvirus dan dapat menular dari tanaman sakit ke tanaman sehat lain melalui vektor kutu daun. Penelitian bertujuanmendapatkan cara pengendalian vektor dan penyakit virus mosaik pada cabai yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan.Perlakuan pengendalian nonkimiawi disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat kali ulangan. Penelitiandilakukan di Subang pada 700 m dpl. sejak bulan Juni sampai dengan Desember 2005. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah:(1) perangkap baki kuning, (2) tanaman pinggiran kubis, (3) mulsa plastik perak, (4) mulsa plastik hitam, (5) mulsajerami, (6) insektisida dengan bahan aktif imidakloprid dan profenofos 1x /minggu, dan (7) kontrol. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa perlakuan mulsa plastik perak maupun hitam berpengaruh paling baik terhadap penekananpopulasi vektor sebesar 78-88%, serangan penyakit virus mosaik sebesar 68-77% ataupun hama sebesar 57-73% danpenyakit cabai lainnya 50-60% (penyakit antraknos, lalat buah, dan penyakit busuk buah), serta meningkatkan hasilbuah cabai sehat sekitar 2-4 kali hasil pada perlakuan kontrol.ABSTRACT. Gunaeni, N. and A.W. Wulandari. 2010. Nonchemical Control Methods on Vector Populationand Plant Damages Due to Mosaic Virus Diseases on Hot Pepper. Mosaic diseases of pepper is one of the mostimportant problems caused by viruses. The disease spread from the infected plants to healthy ones via aphids as viralvectors. The obejective of this study was to obtain effective and environmentally friendly control measures of viralvectors and mosaic virus diseases. The experiment was conducted at Subang with the elevation of about 700 m asl.from June to December 2005. A randomized block design with four replications was used in this experiment. Thetreatments were: (1) yellow traps, (2) cabbage plants as a border, (3) silver plastic mulch, (4) black plastic mulch, (5)straws mulch, (6) spray with insecticide with active ingredient imidakloprid and profenofos 1 x/week, and (7) control.The results showed that: (1) the treatment did not affect plant height, but did to canopy width, (2) the silver and blackplastic mulch gave the best effect in suppressing vector population 78-88%, intensities of mosaic virus diseases 68-77%, other pest 57-73% and diseases on hot pepper 50-60% i.e. anthracnose, fruitfly, and fruit root disease, and (3)the treatments maintained yield of healthy fruit up to four times, over the control treatment.
Efikasi dan Persistensi Minyak Serai sebagai Biopestisida terhadap Helicoverpa armigera Hubn. (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) Hasyim, Ahsol; Setiawati, Wiwin; Murtiningsih, R; Sofiari, Eri
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Helicoverpa armigera merupakan hama penting pada tanaman cabai merah. Kehilangan hasil akibat seranganH. armigera dapat mencapai 60%. Pengendalian yang umum dilakukan adalah menggunakan insektisida secara intensif,yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh berbagai konsentrasiminyak serai terhadap aktivitas biologi larva H. armigera. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah KasaBalai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2009 pada suhu 27±20C dan kelembaban75-80%. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam empat tahap kegiatan, yaitu pengaruh minyak serai terhadap: (1) repelensi larvaH. armigera instar II, (2) indeks nutrisi larva H. armigera instar III, (3) toksisitas larva H. armigera instar I, II, dan III,serta (4) persistensi minyak serai dalam pakan H. armigera dan pengaruhnya terhadap mortalitas larva H. armigerainstar III. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok yang terdiri atas enam perlakuan dengan empatulangan. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan (dipping methods). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyakserai dapat digunakan sebagai penolak larva H. armigera instar II, dengan tingkat repelensi kelas II (20-40%) dan kelasIII (40-60%). Aplikasi minyak serai pada konsentrasi 3.000-5.000 ppm dalam pakan dapat menurunkan laju konsumsirelatif, laju pertumbuhan relatif, efisiensi konversi makanan yang dicerna dan yang dimakan, serta dapat menghambatmakan larva H. armigera sebesar 50%. Penggunaan minyak serai dapat menurunkan bobot pupa H. armigera jantandan betina. Nilai LC50 untuk larva H. armigera instar I, II, dan III berturut-turut ialah 12.795,45, 8.327,42, dan 3.324,89ppm, sedang nilai LC95 untuk larva H. armigera instar I, II, dan III berturut-turut sebesar 10.564,59, 12.535,12, dan4.725,30 ppm. Residu minyak serai dalam pakan H. armigera hanya berkisar antara 1- 4 hari setelah pemaparan ataupada 5 HSP toksisitas menurun drastis. Minyak serai sebagai insektisida nabati mempunyai tingkat persistensi yangrelatif rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, minyak serai dapat digunakan sebagai insektisida yang potensialuntuk dikembangkan secara komersial dan ramah lingkungan dalam rangka pengendalian H. armigera.ABSTRACT. Hasyim, A., W. Setiawati, R. Murtiningsih, and E. Sofiari. 2010. Efficacy and Persistence of CitronellaOil as A Biopesticide Against Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.. The fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubn.) is one ofthe key pests of chili pepper in Indonesia. Yield loss due to this insect pest is up to 60%. The chemical treatment forcontrolling this insect pest is ineffective and eventually leads to environmental pollution. Studies were conducted toassess the biological activity of citronella oil against tomato fruit worm, H. armigera from June to December 2009 atthe Laboratory and the Screenhouse at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute. All the bioassays were conducted undercontrolled environmental conditions (27± 20C and 75-80% RH). Four bioassay steps were performed, i.e the effectof citronella oil on percentage repellency of second instar larvae of H. armigera, the antifeedant effect of citronellaoil against third instar larvae of H. armigera, toxicity of citronella oil on first, second, and third instar larvae of H.armigera and persistence of citronella oil and is effect of mortality of H. armigera. The results indicated that citronellaoil significantly repellened to second larvae of H. armigera with the repellency level of relative lowest II (20-40%) andIII (40-60%). Applications of citronella oil at 3,000 until 5,000 ppm concentrations reduced the food consumptionindex, growth rate, approximate digestability, efficiency of conversion of digested food and feeding deterrent was reducedby 50%. Citronella oil significantly decreased the growth and the development of both pupal male and female of H.armigera. The percentage of mortality rate varied significantly among the H. armigera larvae tested and the values ofLC50 for first, second, and third larvae instar of H. armigera were 12,795.45, 8,327.42, and 3,324.89 ppm, respectively.Meanwhile LC95 value at the first, second, and third larvae instar of H. armigera were 10,564.59, 12,535.12, and 4,725.30ppm, respectively. Residual activity of citronella oil were found to be moderately toxic to H. armigera. The residueof citronella on food H. armigera was about 1-4 days after treatment. However, toxicity decreased significantly after5 days. These results clearly showed that citronella oil was not persistent to the environment due to its volatile nature.These results suggested that the application of citronella oil is potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach forthe control of the agricultural pests H. armigera.
Penggunaan Jenis Entris, Posisi Sambungan, dan Posisi Penyisipan Entris pada Batang Bawah terhadap Keberhasilan Penyambungan dan Pemacuan Pertumbuhan Bibit Manggis Anwarudinsyah, Jawal Muhammad; Poerwanto, Roedhy; Sutrisno, Nono; Purnama, T; Fatria, D
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Bibit manggis yang dihasilkan melalui teknik sambung pucuk berbuah lebih cepat dengan habitus tanamanrendah, sehingga akan mudah dikelola. Populasi tanaman persatuan luas lebih banyak karena jarak tanam yang rapat.Namun, pertumbuhan bibit yang dihasilkan dengan teknik tersebut sangat lambat dengan arah pertumbuhan yangmenyamping, sehingga bentuk kanopinya tidak menarik. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh jenis entris, posisisambungan, dan posisi penyisipan entris pada batang bawah terhadap keberhasilan sambung pucuk dan pemacuanpertumbuhan bibit manggis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Pembibitan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah TropikaSolok mulai bulan Juli 2003 sampai dengan Maret 2005. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompokfaktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah jenis entris yang terdiri atas entris tengah dan samping. Faktorkedua ialah posisi sambungan, yaitu penyambungan pada bagian batang bawah yang masih sukulen dan pada bagianyang sudah berkayu. Faktor ketiga ialah penyisipan entris, yaitu entris disisipkan pada bagian yang lebar dan bagianyang sempit dari batang bawah. Setiap unit perlakuan terdiri atas lima tanaman. Peubah yang diamati meliputikeberhasilan penyambungan, frekuensi pecah tunas, jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, diamater batang, jumlah cabanglateral, dan persentase bibit sambung yang tumbuh menyamping. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tunas tengahdan samping dapat digunakan sebagai entris dengan tingkat keberhasilan penyambungan dan pertumbuhan bibitsambung yang relatif sama (79-80%). Posisi penyambungan yang terbaik adalah pada ruas batang bawah yang berkayu.Penyisipan entris pada bagian yang lebar atau bagian sempit dari ruas batang bawah tidak banyak memengaruhitingkat keberhasilan penyambungan dan pertumbuhan bibit sambung manggis.ABSTRACT. Jawal, M. Anwarudin Syah, R. Poerwanto, N. Sutrisno, T. Purnama, and D. Fatria. 2010. TheEffect of Scion Type, Grafting Position, and Scion Insertion Position on the success of Rootstock Grafting andthe Growth of Grafted Mangosteen. The objective of this study was to determine the best scion type, grafting, andscion insertion position on rootstock on grafted mangosteen. This study was conducted at the Nursery of IndonesianTropical Fruit Research Institute Solok from July 2003 to March 2005 by using a factorial randomized block designwith three replications. The first factor was the scion types (autotroph and plagiotroph), the second factor was thegrafting position (in suculent and wooden tissues), and the third one was the scion insertion position on rootstock i.e.scion was inserted on the wide and narrow parts of rootstock. The observed variable were grafting successfulness,the frequency of flush, leaf number, plant height, stem diameter, and the number of lateral branch. The results of theexperiment indicated that autotroph and plagiotroph scions can be used for mangosteen grafting. Best position forgrafting was wooden part of rootstock. Inserting scion on the wide and narrow parts of rootstock did not affect thegrafting growth successfulness.
Analisis Keragaman Genetik Manggis Menggunakan Teknik Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Makful, Makful; Poernomo, Sudarmadi; Sunyoto, Sunyoto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret 2004 sampai dengan Desember 2005 di Laboratorium PemuliaanBalai Penelitian Tanaman Buah dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Perkebunan. Penelitianbertujuan mengetahui keragaman genetik manggis berdasarkan analisis molekuler dengan teknik AFLP menggunakanlima pasang primer. Analisis keragaman menggunakan program NTSys. Hasil amplifikasi amplified fragment lengthplymorphism (AFLP) terhadap sembilan sampel genom manggis menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang tinggi. Denganmetode unweighted pair-group with arithme average (UPGMA) pada koefisien jarak genetik 60% menghasilkansatu kelompok genom. Pada nilai koefisien kesamaan genetik 70%, aksesi manggis dapat dikategorikan menjadi tigakelompok yaitu kelompok 1 terdiri atas sampel 8-(Garcinia sp. manggis hutan-1), 13-(G. mundar), 17-(Garciniasp. manggis hutan-asam), kelompok 2 mencakup sampel 19-(G. mangostana Pasarminggu-2), 20-( G. mangostanaPasarminggu-1), 22-(G. mangostana Jayanti-2), dan kelompok 3 terdiri atas sampel 25-(G. malaccensis-Jambi),26-(G. malaccensis Bukit Kawang Medan PK 1), dan 27-(G. malaccensis Bukit Lang PK 2). Informasi variabilitasgenetik diharapkan dapat mendukung program pemuliaan manggis.ABSTRACT. Makful, S. Purnomo, and Sunyoto. 2010. Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Mangosteen Basedon the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Technique. This experiment was conducted fromMarch 2004 to December 2005 at the Laboratory of Plant Breeding of Indonesian Fruit Research Institute andthe Laboratory of Biotechnology of Indonesian Estate Crop Research Institute. The objective of the study was todetermine genetic diversity of mangosteen. The method used was AFLP technique with five pairs of primers, whiledata obtained was analyzed by the NTSys program. From the AFLP amplification of nine DNA samples, it wasproven that the accessions of mangosteen had a high degree of diversity. Based on analysis of AFLP and unweightedpair-group with arithme average (UPGMA) it was shown that the samples of mangosteen could be grouped into onecluster at relative ecludian distance of 60% and into three clusters at relative ecludian distance of 70%, i.e. cluster1for sample 8-( Garcinia sp. manggis hutan-1), 13-(G. mundar), 17-( Garcinia sp. manggis hutan-asam) samples,cluster 2 for sample 19-(G. mangostana Pasarminggu-2), 20-(G. mangostana Pasarminggu-1), 22-(G. mangostanaJayanti-2) samples, and cluster 3 for sample 25-(G. malaccensis-Jambi), 26-(G. malaccensis Bukit Kawang MedanPK 1), and 27-(G. malaccensis Bukit Lang PK 2) samples. Information of genetic variability is expected to supportthe mangosteen breeding program.
Perakitan Varietas Tanaman Kerk Lili yang Berbunga Tegak dan Wangi serta Tabung Bunga Pendek Sanjaya, Lia
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Pada tahun 2008 Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias telah melepas varietas Candilongi dengan karakter bungategak, beraroma agak wangi, dan tabung bunga relatif panjang. Perbaikan genetik telah dilakukan selama April 2008sampai dengan Agustus 2010 untuk menghasilkan varietas unggul baru yang disukai konsumen. Tujuan utama programpemuliaan lili ialah memperpendek ukuran tabung bunga. Perakitan varietas lili dimulai dengan menyilangkan aksesikerk lili LC-33 (longiflorum-candidum) dan Casablanca (hibrida oriental). Penyilangan menghasilkan populasi F1yang selanjutnya dipelihara di dalam rumah kaca hingga berbunga. Seleksi positif dilakukan dengan menggunakankriteria ukuran tabung bunga yang lebih pendek daripada Candilongi. Selanjutnya individu terpilih diperbanyak secaraterbatas dan dievaluasi. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan.Perlakuan terdiri atas lima klon terpilih dan varietas Candilongi sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkantiga dari lima klon terpilih memiliki keragaan bunga yang lebih baik daripada varietas Candilongi. Oleh karena itu,tiga klon tersebut sangat potensial untuk dilepas dan dikembangkan secara komersial. Hanya satu klon yang memilikikarakter unik seperti bunga tegak berbentuk lonceng, tabung bunga pendek, dan beraroma sangat wangi.ABSTRACT. Sanjaya, L. 2010. Assembly of Lilium Varieties Which Have Erect Flower, Aromatic Fragrance,and Short Floret Tube. In 2008 Indonesian Ornamental Crop Research Institute released a new superior variety ofLilium cv. Candilongi possessing main flower characteristics i.e., erect flower, moderately strong aromatic fragrance,and moderately long floret tube. Genetic improvement of the new superior variety had been conducted continuouslysince April 2008 to Agustus 2010 to produce new varieties according to consumer’s preferences. The main issueof this breeding program was to shorter its floret tube. To achieve the breeding goal, crosses were made betweenlily accession No. LC-33 (longiflorum-candidum) and cv. Casablanca (oriental hybrid). The crosses produced F1population that were all being maintained intensively in the greenhouse till flowering. Using criterium of shorterfloret tube than Candilongi, positive selection was conducted. Selected plants were being propagated and evaluated.This research was carried out by using a randomized block design with six treatments and three replications. Thetreatments were five selected clones and Candilongi variety as a control. The results showed that three out of fiveclones tested had better performance than Candilongi. Therefore, the three potential clones were recommended tobe released and commercialized in the near future. Only one clone had unique characteristics, that were erect flowerwith bell shape, short floret tube, and strong aromatic fragrance.
Formula Media Kultur Endosperm Jeruk Hasil Persilangan Antarklon Siem dengan Keprok dan Jeruk Besar Sunyoto, Sunyoto; Poernomo, Sudarmadi; Makful, Makful
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Pembentukan hibrida triploid renyah tanpa biji pada tanaman jeruk tipe keprok dapat dilakukan melaluikultur endosperm. Komposisi media yang tepat pada setiap tahapan kultur endosperm sangat menentukan keberhasilanpembentukan hibrida tersebut. Komposisi media induksi kalus sampai regenerasi jaringan endosperm jeruk belumbanyak diketahui. Penelitian bertujuan memperoleh formula media in vitro terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan regenerasikalus endosperm jeruk hasil persilangan antarklon siem dengan keprok dan jeruk besar. Tanaman yang dihasilkandari kultur tersebut diharapkan menjadi kandidat varietas jeruk unggul baru yang mempunyai sifat buah tanpa bijidan berdaging buah renyah. Percobaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Biak Pemuliaan dan Plasma Nutfah BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok. Penelitian menggunakan analisis diskriptif yang terdiri atas dua tahapkegiatan yang dilakukan mulai bulan Januari 2005 sampai dengan Januari 2006. Kegiatan pertama ialah produksikalus menggunakan media dasar MurashigeTungker (MT) dengan tiga formula. Kegiatan kedua yaitu regenerasikalus menggunakan media dasar MT dan Murashige Skoog (MS) dengan enam formula media. Hasil percobaanmenunjukkan bahwa media M3 = MT + 5 ppm BAP + 2 ppm 2,4-D + 500 ppm CH + 0,5 ppm KT + 500 ppm ME,merupakan formula media inisiasi kalus yang terbaik. Formula media tersebut mampu menginisiasi terbentuknya kaluslebih cepat, menginduksi kalus yang lebih banyak, kekompakan struktur kalus baik, dan berwarna hijau. Formulamedia regenerasi yang terbaik ialah R3 = MT + 0,25 ppm BAP + 2 ppm GA3 + 500 ppm CH + 40 ppm Ads. Mediatersebut mampu mendukung terbentuknya tunas lebih panjang, jumlah daun, jumlah tunas, dan peningkatan jumlahakar dibandingkan persilangan lainnya. Kalus endosperm hasil persilangan intervarietas siem x keprok Dancy, dansiem x keprok Cina Konde merupakan kalus terbaik untuk diregenerasikan.ABSTRACT. Sunyoto, S. Purnomo, and Makful. 2010. Media Formula for Citrus Endosperm Culture ofHybridization between Clones of Tangerine and Clones of Mandarin and Pummelo. Formation of triploid hybridsof crunchy seedless mandarin types of citrus can be established through the induction of endosperm culture. Thecomposition of appropriate media at each stage of endosperm culture determines the success of teh hybrid production.The media compositions of callus of endosperm induction and its regeneration have not been known yet so far. Theaim of this research was to determine the best formula of in vitro medium to induce and regenerate endosperm callusof citrus hybrids. Plantlets produced from the culture were expected to be new superior varieties bearing seedlessand crispy fruits. Research was carried out in the Tissue Culture Breeding and Germplasm Laboratory, IndonesianTropical Fruits Research Institute from January 2005 to January 2006. Discriptive analysis was used in this research.The research composed of consecutive activities.The first activity was to produce callus using basic medium MT(MurashigeTungker) with three medium composition treatments, and the second one, was to regenerate embryoidcallus using MT and MS medium with six medium compositions. The results showed that medium of M3 = MT +5 ppm BAP + 2 ppm 2.4-D + 500 ppm CH + 0.5 ppm KT + 500 ppm ME was the best formula for callus initiation.This medium initiated faster growth of callus and gave higher percentage of callus formation that was more compactin structure, and green in color, than other tested media. The best medium for regeneration of embryoid callus wasR3 = MT + 0.25 ppm BAP + 2 ppm GA3 + 500 ppm CH + 40 ppm Ads. This medium increased the length of shoots,the number of leaves, shoots, and roots more than the other media. Endosperm calli produced from hybridizationintervarieties of tangerine x mandarin Dancy and tangerine x mandarin Cina Konde were the best calli for regeneration
Peningkatan Pertumbuhan dan Regenerasi Eksplan Hasil Kultur Anther Anthurium Melalui Perbaikan Media Kultur Winarto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Regenerasi kalus merupakan bagian yang paling sulit dalam kultur anther anthurium (Anthuriumandraeanum), karena respons pembentukan tunas yang lambat. Studi pertumbuhan dan regenerasi eksplan hasil kulturanther anthurium pada media regenerasi yang berbeda dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai PenelitianTanaman Hias dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2008. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui respons pertumbuhandan regenerasi variasi eksplan hasil kultur anther anthurium pada media regenerasi yang berbeda. Penelitian inimenggunakan kalus tumbuh lambat, kalus haploid, daun, dan petiol muda tanaman haploid sebagai eksplan. MediumWinarto (MW) dan Winarto-Rachmawati (MWR) merupakan media dasar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini.Penelitian terdiri atas tiga percobaan untuk mempelajari pertumbuhan dan regenerasi, yaitu (1) kalus tumbuh lambat,(2) kalus haploid pada media regenerasi yang berbeda (MR-1 s/d MR-6), dan (3) daun dan petiol muda dari tanamanhaploid menggunakan medium regenerasi terseleksi. Percobaan pertama dan kedua disusun menggunakan rancanganacak lengkap (RAL), sementara percobaan ketiga disusun menggunakan RAL pola faktorial masing-masing denganempat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan dan kemampuan regenerasi eksplan hasil kulturanther anthurium berhasil ditingkatkan melalui perbaikan media kultur. Pertumbuhan kalus terbaik dari eksplan kalustumbuh lambat ditemukan pada MR-4, sedang kalus haploid pada MR-1. Jumlah bakal tunas per eksplan mencapaisekitar 20 bakal tunas, tetapi pembentukan tunas tertinggi yaitu 4,8 tunas per eksplan ditemukan pada MR-6. Daunmuda tanaman haploid no. 400 merupakan jenis eksplan dan tanaman haploid dengan respons pembentukan tunastertinggi yang mencapai 6,0 tunas per eksplan dibandingkan eksplan dan tanaman haploid yang lain. Media terseleksihasil penelitian dapat diaplikasikan untuk menyelesaikan masalah regenerasi eksplan pada kultur in vitro anthuriumyang lain.ABSTRACT. Winarto, B. 2010. Increase of Growth and Explants Regeneration Derived from Anther Cultureof Anthurium via the Improvement of Culture Medium. Callus regeneration was an important problem in antherculture of anthurium due to slow response in shoot regeneration. A study of growth and regeneration of explantsderived from anther culture of anthurium in different regeneration media were conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratoryof Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute from January to December 2008. The objective of the researchwas to determine the growth and regeneration of explants on different regeneration media. Slow growth, haploidcallus, young leaf, and petiole of different haploid plants were used in the study, while media of MW and MWRwere two basic media applied in the experiment. There were three experiments in the research i.e. to study thegrowth and regeneration of (1) slow growth, (2) haploid callus on different regeneration media, and (3) young leafand petiole of different haploid plants on selected regeneration medium. The experiment I and II were arranged witha completely randomized design (CRD) and the experiment III used factorial CRD with four replications. Resultsof the studies indicated that growth and regeneration capacity of explants derived from anther culture of anthuriumwere successfully increased via culture medium improvement. The best growth response of slow growth callus wasdetermined on MR-4, while haploid callus was on MR-1. Initial shoots produced per explant were up to ± 20 initialshoots, but the highest shoot number up to 4.8 shoots produced per explant was established on MR-6. Young leavesof haploid plant no. 400 were the appropriate explant and the donor plant in obtaining the highest callus formation,growth and regeneration with 6.0 shoots per explant. The selected media established in the study can be applied toovercome explant regeneration problems in in vitro culture of other anthuriums.
Kemangkusan Amblyseius swirskii dan Orius laevigatus dalam Mengendalikan Hama Thrips parvispinus pada Paprika Prabaningrum, Laksmini; Moekasan, Tony Kustoni
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian yang bertujuan mengetahui kemurnian predator introduksi, keamanan jaring kasa Agronet(568 lubang/cm²), serta kemangkusan predator introduksi Amblyseius swirskii dan Orius laevigatus, dilaksanakansejak bulan Oktober 2007 sampai dengan April 2008 di Laboratorium Entomologi dan Fitopatologi Balai PenelitianTanaman Sayuran Lembang (±1.250 m dpl.) dan di Rumah Kasa CV ASB Farm di Desa Cigugurgirang, KecamatanParongpong, Kabupaten Bandung Barat (±1.100 m dpl.). Uji kemurnian dan keamanan dilakukan di laboratorium,sedang uji kemangkusan predator dilaksanakan di rumah kasa dalam mengendalikan hama T. parvispinus padatanaman paprika. Penelitian di rumah kasa menguji empat macam perlakuan pengendalian, yaitu dengan: (A) 75ekor A.swirskii/m2, (B) O.laevigatus 5 ekor/m2, (C) kombinasi 40 ekor A.swirskii + 3 ekor O.laevigatus/m2, dan (D)kontrol (tanpa predator). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kemasan predator introduksi A.swirskii danO.laevigatus hanya dijumpai kedua jenis predator tersebut dan tungau tepung sebagai makanan A.swirskii. Organismehama dan penyakit tidak ditemukan dalam kemasan, sehingga kedua predator tersebut layak diintroduksi ke Indonesia.Jaring kasa Agronet yang digunakan memiliki anyaman yang cukup rapat, sehingga tidak memungkinkan predatorpredatortersebut melaluinya. Dengan demikian, jaring tersebut aman digunakan sebagai dinding rumah kasa. Daripercobaan di rumah kasa diketahui bahwa A.swirskii efektif mengendalikan trips, sehingga hasil panen paprika dapatdipertahankan.ABSTRACT. Prabaningrum, L. and T.K. Moekasan. 2010. Effectiveness of Amblyseius swirskii and Oriuslaevigatus Against Thrips parvispinus on Sweet Pepper. The experiment was aimed to determine the purity ofintroductory predators, safety of the Agronet screen (568 holes/cm²), and effectiveness of introductory predatorsA. swirskii and O.laevigatus. The research was conducted from October 2007 until April 2008 in the Laboratory ofEntomology and Phytopathology Division of Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute (IVEGRI) (1,250 m asl.) andin the Greenhouse of CV ASB Farm in Cigugurgirang Village, Parongpong Subdistrict, West Bandung District (1,100m asl.), West Java. Purity and safety tests were conducted in the laboratory and the effectiveness test was conductedin the greenhouse. Four treatments were tested in the greenhouse i.e. the application of (A) A.swirskii (75/m2), (B)O.laevigatus (5/m2), (C) A.swirskii (40/m2) + O.laevigatus (3/m2), and (D) check (without predators). The resultsshowed that there were only A.swirskii, O.laevigatus, and powder mites as food in the containers of the introductorypredators. There were no pests and diseases in the container, so that the predators can be introduced. The net of thescreen was plaited closely, so that A.swirskii and O.laevigatus did not able to pass through. It was indicated that thescreen was safe to be used as the wall of screenhouse. The experiment in the screenhouse indicated that A.swirskiisuppressed thrips population effectively, so that the sweet pepper yield would be sustained.
Preferensi Konsumen terhadap Atribut Kualitas Empat Jenis Sayuran Minor Soetiarso, Thomas Agus
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Keberadaan kelompok sayuran minor (under-utilized/indigenous) mulai terancam kepunahan karenadigantikan oleh beberapa spesies kultivasi. Kurang berkembangnya kelompok sayuran minor diindikasikan oleh atributkualitas yang dimiliki oleh komoditas tersebut yang relatif belum sebanding dengan kelompok sayuran prioritas, sepertikentang, kubis, dan tomat. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi preferensi konsumen terhadap atribut kualitas sayuranminor. Penelitian dilaksanakan melalui survai konsumen di Kelurahan Sukabungah, Kecamatan Sukajadi, KotamadyaBandung, Jawa Barat sejak bulan April sampai dengan Juni 2007. Pemilihan lokasi kotamadya dilakukan secara sengaja,sedangkan pemilihan kecamatan, kelurahan, dan responden ibu rumah tangga sebanyak 50 orang dilakukan secaraacak. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Pada penelitianini komoditas sayuran minor yang diteliti adalah koro, katuk, labu siam, dan kecipir. Preferensi konsumen terhadapatribut kualitas sayuran minor dianalisis dengan teknik peringkat (ranking) dan diuji dengan uji Chi-square. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa, preferensi konsumen terhadap atribut kualitas ialah: (1) koro: ukuran polong besar(panjang 3 cm, dan lebar 2 cm), warna kulit ungu tua, kekerasan polong renyah, warna daging putih, dan rasanyagurih, (2) katuk: warna daun hijau muda, ukuran daun sedang (panjang 4 cm dan lebar 2 cm), jumlah daun/tangkaibanyak, dan rasanya agak manis, (3) labu siam: ukuran buah sedang (panjang 12 cm dan lebar 8 cm), warna kulithijau muda, kulit tanpa duri, kekerasan kulit sedang, kandungan getah sedikit, dan rasa agak manis, (4) kecipir: warnakulit hijau muda, panjang sedang (18 cm), permukaan kulit halus, bentuk buah lurus, kekerasan buah renyah, danrasanya agak manis. Sayuran minor (koro, katuk, labu siam, dan kecipir) merepresentasikan sayuran murah tetapitermasuk sumber nutrisi berkualitas tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar untuk memperbaikiatribut sayuran minor sesuai dengan preferensi konsumen serta upaya untuk meningkatkan potensi ekonomis danpengembangan komoditas tersebut.ABSTRACT. Soetiarso, T. A. 2010. Consumer’s Preference on Quality Attributes of Four Minor Vegetables. Theexistence of minor (under-utilized/indigenous) vegetables is beginning to extinct because they are replaced by somecultivated species. Slow development of minor vegetables is also caused by the product quality attributes of thosevegetables that have not been recognized compared to the priority vegetables, such as potato, cabbage, and tomato.The study was aimed to identify consumer preference on quality attributes of four minor vegetables. A consumersurvey was carried out in Sukabungah Village, Sukajadi Sub-district, Bandung, West Java from April to June 2007.Location of survey was purposively selected, while 50 household mothers were randomly chosen. Data were collectedthrough interviews by using a structured questionnaire. Minor vegetables included in this study were lima bean,star gooseberry, chayote, and winged bean. Consumer preference on product attributes of minor vegetables wereanalyzed by using the ranking technique and tested with Chi-square. Results indicated that consumer preferences onquality attributes for minor vegetable were as follows: (1) lima bean: large pod size (20 cm length and 2 cm width),dark purple skin color, crisp pod hardness, white flesh color, and delicious taste, (2) star gooseberry: light green leafcolor, medium leaf size (4 cm length and 2 cm width), much number of leaves/branches, and slightly sweet taste,(3) chayote: medium fruit size (12 cm length and 8 cm width), light green skin color, thornless skin, medium skinhardness, little sap content, and slightly sweet taste, (4) winged bean: light green skin color, medium length about18 cm, smooth skin surface, straight fruit shape, crisp fruit hardnes, and slightly sweet taste. Minor vegetables (limabean, star gooseberry, chayote, winged bean) represent inexpensive but high quality nutritional contents. The resultsof this consumer survey may be used as a preference-based feedback for improving the product attibutes of minorvegetables to increase their economic potentials.
Efikasi dan Persistensi Minyak Serai sebagai Biopestisida terhadap Helicoverpa armigera Hubn. (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) Ahsol Hasyim; Wiwin Setiawati; R Murtiningsih; Eri Sofiari
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

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Abstract

ABSTRAK. Helicoverpa armigera merupakan hama penting pada tanaman cabai merah. Kehilangan hasil akibat seranganH. armigera dapat mencapai 60%. Pengendalian yang umum dilakukan adalah menggunakan insektisida secara intensif,yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh berbagai konsentrasiminyak serai terhadap aktivitas biologi larva H. armigera. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah KasaBalai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2009 pada suhu 27±20C dan kelembaban75-80%. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam empat tahap kegiatan, yaitu pengaruh minyak serai terhadap: (1) repelensi larvaH. armigera instar II, (2) indeks nutrisi larva H. armigera instar III, (3) toksisitas larva H. armigera instar I, II, dan III,serta (4) persistensi minyak serai dalam pakan H. armigera dan pengaruhnya terhadap mortalitas larva H. armigerainstar III. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok yang terdiri atas enam perlakuan dengan empatulangan. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan (dipping methods). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyakserai dapat digunakan sebagai penolak larva H. armigera instar II, dengan tingkat repelensi kelas II (20-40%) dan kelasIII (40-60%). Aplikasi minyak serai pada konsentrasi 3.000-5.000 ppm dalam pakan dapat menurunkan laju konsumsirelatif, laju pertumbuhan relatif, efisiensi konversi makanan yang dicerna dan yang dimakan, serta dapat menghambatmakan larva H. armigera sebesar 50%. Penggunaan minyak serai dapat menurunkan bobot pupa H. armigera jantandan betina. Nilai LC50 untuk larva H. armigera instar I, II, dan III berturut-turut ialah 12.795,45, 8.327,42, dan 3.324,89ppm, sedang nilai LC95 untuk larva H. armigera instar I, II, dan III berturut-turut sebesar 10.564,59, 12.535,12, dan4.725,30 ppm. Residu minyak serai dalam pakan H. armigera hanya berkisar antara 1- 4 hari setelah pemaparan ataupada 5 HSP toksisitas menurun drastis. Minyak serai sebagai insektisida nabati mempunyai tingkat persistensi yangrelatif rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, minyak serai dapat digunakan sebagai insektisida yang potensialuntuk dikembangkan secara komersial dan ramah lingkungan dalam rangka pengendalian H. armigera.ABSTRACT. Hasyim, A., W. Setiawati, R. Murtiningsih, and E. Sofiari. 2010. Efficacy and Persistence of CitronellaOil as A Biopesticide Against Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.. The fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubn.) is one ofthe key pests of chili pepper in Indonesia. Yield loss due to this insect pest is up to 60%. The chemical treatment forcontrolling this insect pest is ineffective and eventually leads to environmental pollution. Studies were conducted toassess the biological activity of citronella oil against tomato fruit worm, H. armigera from June to December 2009 atthe Laboratory and the Screenhouse at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute. All the bioassays were conducted undercontrolled environmental conditions (27± 20C and 75-80% RH). Four bioassay steps were performed, i.e the effectof citronella oil on percentage repellency of second instar larvae of H. armigera, the antifeedant effect of citronellaoil against third instar larvae of H. armigera, toxicity of citronella oil on first, second, and third instar larvae of H.armigera and persistence of citronella oil and is effect of mortality of H. armigera. The results indicated that citronellaoil significantly repellened to second larvae of H. armigera with the repellency level of relative lowest II (20-40%) andIII (40-60%). Applications of citronella oil at 3,000 until 5,000 ppm concentrations reduced the food consumptionindex, growth rate, approximate digestability, efficiency of conversion of digested food and feeding deterrent was reducedby 50%. Citronella oil significantly decreased the growth and the development of both pupal male and female of H.armigera. The percentage of mortality rate varied significantly among the H. armigera larvae tested and the values ofLC50 for first, second, and third larvae instar of H. armigera were 12,795.45, 8,327.42, and 3,324.89 ppm, respectively.Meanwhile LC95 value at the first, second, and third larvae instar of H. armigera were 10,564.59, 12,535.12, and 4,725.30ppm, respectively. Residual activity of citronella oil were found to be moderately toxic to H. armigera. The residueof citronella on food H. armigera was about 1-4 days after treatment. However, toxicity decreased significantly after5 days. These results clearly showed that citronella oil was not persistent to the environment due to its volatile nature.These results suggested that the application of citronella oil is potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach forthe control of the agricultural pests H. armigera.

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