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Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
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Search results for , issue "Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017" : 14 Documents clear
Teknik Penanaman Benih Bawang Merah Asal True Shallot Seed di Lahan Suboptimal (Planting Method of Seedling of Shallot from True Shallot Seed in Suboptimal Land) Gina Alya Sopha; Muhammad Syakir; Wiwin Setiawati; nFN Suwandi; Nani Sumarni
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p35-44

Abstract

Keberhasilan produksi umbi  bawang merah dengan menggunakan TSS (True Shallot Seed) di lahan sub optimal tergantung banyak faktor, antara lain umur benih, kerapatan tanaman dan dosis pupuk N. Tujuan penelitian adalah menghasilkan umur benih, kerapatan tanaman, dan dosis pupuk N yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan tanaman dan hasil umbi bawang merah asal TSS yang optimal. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan di lahan sub optimal Subang-Jawa Barat (100 m dpl) dengan jenis tanah Latosol Merah Kuning, dari bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2013. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial, dengan tiga ulangan dan tiga faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama (A):  Umur benih di persemaian, terdiri atas: a, = 4 minggu setelah semai, a2 = 5 minggu setelah semai, dan a3 = 6 minggu setelah semai. Faktor kedua (B): Kerapatantanaman, terdiri atas: b1 = 150 tanaman/m2 dan b2 = 100 tanaman/m2. Faktor ketiga (C): Dosis pupuk N, terdiri atas: Cl = 150 kg N/ha, C2=225 kg N/ha, dan C3 = 300 kg N/ha.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan tanaman  (tinggi  tanaman  dan  jumlah  daun)  dipengaruhi  oleh  umur  benih,  tetapl  tidak dipengaruhi oleh  kerapatan dan  dosis  pupuk  N. Umur benih 6 minggu setelah 'sernat memberikan tinggi tanaman paling tinggi dan jumlah daun paling banyak. Bobot umbi basah per tanaman tidak dipenqaruhi oleh umur benih, kerapatan tanaman dan dosis pupuk N. Namun bobot umbi basah per petak dipengaruhi oleh kerapatan tanaman. Makin rapat tanaman (150 tanaman/m2) makin tinggi hasil bobot umbi basah per petak. Bobot umbi kering eskip per tanaman dan bobot umbi kering esktp per petak, serta susut bobot umbi dipengaruhi oleh interaksi umur benih dan kerapatan tanaman. Umur benih 6  minggu dengan kerapatan 150 tanaman/rrr  menghasilkan bobot umbi kering eskip per tanaman (11,417 g/tanaman) dan bobot umbi kering eskip per petak  (2,433 kg/2.4 rrr')  paling tinggi, serta susut bobot umbi paling rendah (33,63%). Kombinasi umur benih, kerapatan tanaman dan dosis pupuk N yang menghasilkan bobot umbi basah dan bobot kering eskip tertinggi adalah umur biblt 6 minggu setelah semai, kerapatan tanaman 150 tanarnan/m' dan dosis 225 kg N/ha, yaitu  masing­masing sebesar 4,195 kg/2,4m2 dan  2,80 kg/2,4 m2. Penggunaan benih asal TSS dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam budidaya bawang merah.  KeywordsAllium ascalonicum; True shallot seed; Umur benih; Kerapatan tanaman; Pupuk nitrogenAbstractSuccess of shallot cultivation by using true shallot seed (TSS) on suboptimal land is dependent upon the planting method of seedling, among others seedling age, plant density, and N fertilization. The objective of this experiment was to find out the proper seedling age, plant density and N dosage for producing shallot bulb from TSS. The field experiment was conducted in lowland of Subang West Java (100 m asl.) with Yellow Red Latosol soil type, from July to October 2013. A randomized block design, with three replications and three treatment factor was used in this experiment. The first factor was seedling ages (4, 5, and 6 weeks after sowing), the second factors was plant densities (150 and 100 plants/m2), and the third factor was N fertilizer dosages (150, 225, and 300 kg N/ha). The results showed that the plant growth (plant height and leaf number) from TSS was affected by seedling ages, but it was not affected by plant densities and N dosages. The highest plant height and the highest leaf number was from seedling age of 6 weeks after sowing. The fresh bulb weight per plant was not influenced by seedling ages, plant densities, and N dosages. But, the effect of plant densities was significantly different on fresh bulb weight per plot. The plant density of 150 plants/m2 gave the higher fresh bulb weight than the plant density of 100 plants/m2. The escape dry bulb weight per plant and per plot and also losses of bulb weight were siginficantly affected by the interaction between seedling ages and plant densities. The highest escape dry bulb weight per plant (11.417g/plant) and per plot (2.433 kg/2.4 m2), and the lowest lose weight of bulb (33.63) was obtained by the seedling age of 6 weeks after sowing and plant density of 150 plants/m2. The combination treatment of 6 weeks seedling age + 150 plants/m2 + 225 kg N/ha gave the highest fresh bulb yield (4.195 kg/2.4 m2) and the highest escape dry bulb yield (2.80 kg/2.4 m2). The application of shallot seedling from TSS can be used as alternative technology in shallot production.
Pengaruh Suhu Penyimpanan dan Jumlah Perforasi Kemasan Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Kimia Brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. Royal G) Fresh-Cut Ali Asgar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p127-136

Abstract

[The Effect of Storage Temperatures and Perforations on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Fresh-Cut Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Royal G)]Fresh-cut adalah perlakuan dengan membuang bagian yang tidak dikonsumsi pada sayuran dan buah-buahan dengan dikupas, atau dipotong sehingga 100% produk dapat digunakan untuk kemudian dikemas dan didistribusikan kepada konsumen dalam kondisi nutrisi, flavor dan kesegaran yang masih terpelihara. Fresh-cut atau pengolahan minimal dalam bentuk potongan segar merupakan alternatif untuk mempercepat dan mempermudah proses pengolahan, meningkatkan keamanan dan kualitas, memperluas distribusi, dan mengurangi limbah sampah yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Dalam mempertahankan mutu brokoli fresh-cut selama penyimpanan disarankan untuk menggunakan kemasan dan penyimpanan pada suhu dingin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan suhu penyimpanan dan jumlah perforasi yang memberikan efek paling baik pada kualitas segar brokoli potongan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan April sampai Juli 2014 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hasil, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (BALITSA) di Lembang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah suhu penyimpanan, yaitu : 5ºC dan 10°C. Faktor kedua adalah jumlah perforasi, yaitu : 0,5% dan 1% dan tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 6 kali. Hasil penelitian terpilih adalah perlakuan brokoli yang disimpan pada suhu 5oC dengan jumlah perforasi 0,5%. Jumlah lubang perforasi yang berlebihan  mengakibatkan kebusukan pada brokoli.KeywordsFresh-cut brokoli; Karakteristik; Suhu penyimpanan; PerforasiAbstractFresh-cut is a treatment for vegetable of fruit by removing the part that is not consumed peeling or cutting so that 100% of the products can be used for later packaged and distributed to the consumer in a state of nutrition, flavor, and freshness are preserved. Fresh-cut or minimal processing in the form of fresh cuts is an alternative to accelerate and simplify processing, improve security and quality, expand distribution, and reduce waste that can pollute the environment. In maintaining the quality of fresh-cut broccoli during storage is recommended to use the packaging and storage at cold temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine the storage temperatures and the number of perforations that provide the best effect on the quality of fresh- cut broccoli. This research was conducted from April to July 2014 in the Laboratory of Postharvest, Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) at Lembang. The research used randomized block design with factorial pattern. The first factor was the storage temperature 5ºC and 10°C. The second factor was number of perforations 0,5% and 1%. Each treatment was repeated six times. The result of selected study was broccoli stored at 5°C with a number of perforations of 0.5%. Excessive number of perforated holes caused broccoli to be rot.
Budidaya Kubis di Dalam Rumah Kasa Dalam Upaya Menekan Serangan Hama (Cultivation of Cabbage in the Netting House in Order to Reduce Pests Infestation) Laksminiwati Prabaningrum; Tonny Koestoni Moekasan
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p87-94

Abstract

Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya kubis ialah serangan hama utama yaitu ulat daun kubis  Plutella xylostella dan ulat krop kubis Crocidolomia binotalis. Penggunaan penghadang fisik atau rumah kasa sedang dikembangkan sebagai alternatif cara pengendalian selain menggunakan insektisida. Informasi mengenai sejauh mana pengaruh penggunaan rumah kasa terhadap serangan hama-hama tersebut pada budidaya kubis di Indonesia masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu  penelitian untuk menguji kemampuan rumah kasa dalam mencegah serangan hama kubis dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu (1250 m dpl.), Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang, dari bulan Desember 2014 sampai April 2015. Penelitian disusun menggunakan petak berpasangan dengan dua macam perlakuan, yaitu budidaya kubis di dalam rumah kasa (A) dan budidaya kubis di lahan terbuka (B). Tiap  perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Aplikasi insektisida dilakukan jika populasi hama telah mencapai ambang pengendalian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan rumah kasa mampu menekan populasi ulat daun kubis dan kerusakan tanaman oleh serangan ulat krop kubis, sehingga dapat mengurangi jumlah aplikasi insektisida sebesar 62,50%, dengan hasil panen lebih tinggi sebesar 13,75% dan kualitas krop kubis tetap tinggi.KeywordsKubis (Brassica oleracea var. capitata); Plutella xylostella; Crocidolomia binotalis; Aplikasi insektisidaAbstractInfestation of key pests, Plutella xylostella and Crocidolomia binotalis is one of constraints in cabbage cultivation. The use of netting house is being developed as an alternative tactic for controlling the pests. Information of effect of netting house in cabbage cultivation in Indonesia is limited. Therefore the experiment to test the potency of netting house to reduce pests infestation was conducted at Margahayu Research Garden (1,250 m asl.), Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute in Lembang, from December 2014 until April 2015. The experiment was arranged using paired comparison with two treatments and each treatment was replicated four times. The treatments tested were: (A) cabbage cultivation in the netting house and (B) cabbage cultivation in open field. The construction of the netting house made from metal with 2.5 m high. The roof made from the screen with specification of R10-215TrM3-80 mesh 36 with 58 holes/cm2, and the wall with specification of R2-C225TrM2-70 mesh 66 with 127 holes/cm2. Insecticide was applied if the pest population reached the control threshold. The result showed that compared with cabbage cultivation in open field, cabbage cultivation in the netting house: (1) was able to reduce population of P. xylostella larvae and plant damage due to C. binotalis, so that number of insecticide application was reduced by 62.50%, (2) increased the yield by 13.75%, and (3) produced high quality cabbage crop that showed by dietary fibre of 0.88% and density of crop of 3.89 mm/second/100 g.
Peningkatan Produksi dan Mutu Benih Wortel (Daucus carota) Varietas Lokal Melalui Pemangkasan Cabang dan Pemupukan Boron (Increasing the Production and Quality of Carrot Seed Local Variety Through Branch Pruning and Boron Fertilization) Agustina Erlinda Marpaung; Bina Karo; Rasiska Tarigan
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p45-54

Abstract

Teknik perbenihan perlu diperhatikan untuk mendapatkan benih wortel  bermutu. Hal ini terjadi dikarenakan oleh teknik perbenihan / pemilihan umbella sebagai sumber bibit kurang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu benih wortel melalui perlakuan pemangkasan cabang dan pemberian pupuk boron. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Mei 2014 di kebun percobaan Berastagi, dengan ketinggian ± 1340 meter dpl, jenis tanah andisol. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktorial dengan 3 ulangan, dimana faktor 1: Teknik Pemangkasan (P0. Tanpa pemangkasan, P1. Pemangkasan cabang tersier, P2. Pemangkasan cabang primer dan tersier) dan faktor 2  = Dosis Pupuk Boron (Bo. 0,  B1. 5 kg/Ha, B2. 10 kg/Ha dan B3. 15 kg/Ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemangkasan cabang tersier pada perbenihan wortel dapat meningkatkan jumlah cabang sekunder 15.12% – 23.91%, diameter cabang sekunder 17.87% – 19.97%, bobot kotor benih 66.87 – 70.62%, bobot bersih benih 62.85% – 70.62% dan menurunkan persentase benih hampa 32.82% – 44.52%. Pemberian pupuk boron dengan dosis 15 kg/ha dapat meningkatkan jumlah cabang sekunder 60.89%, bobot kotor benih 59.85%, bobot bersih benih 67.68% dan menurunkan persentase benih hampa ±58.32% dibanding tanpa pemberian boron. Persentase tumbuh benih dapat ditingkatkan (49.28 – 51.89%) dengan perlakuan pemangkasan cabang tersier dan pemberian pupuk boron 5- 10 kg/ha.KeywordsDaucus carota; Pemangkasan cabang; Pupuk boronAbstractSeeding techniques need considered to get a quality carrot seeds. This occurs due to the seeding technique/umbella election as seed sources are less precise. This study aims to improve the production and quality of carrot seeds by treatment branch pruning and fertilizer application boron. The study was conducted from January to May 2014 in Berastagi Experimental Gardens, with an altitude of ± 1,340 m asl, Andisol soil type. The design used was a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Factor 1: pruning techniques (P0 = without pruning, P1 = pruning tertiary branches, P2 = pruning primary and tertiary branches) and factor 2 = dose boron fertilizer (Bo = 0, B1 = 5 kg/ha, B2 = 10 kg/ha and B3 = 15 kg/ha). The results show that tertiary branch pruning can increase the number of secondary branches 15.12–23.91%, the diameter of the secondary branch 17.87–19.97%, gross weight of seed 66.87–70.62%, net weight of seed 62.85–70.62% and reduced the percentage of empty seed 32.82–44.52%, boron fertilizer with a dose of 15 kg/ha can increase the number of secondary branches of 60.89, 59.85% seed gross weight, net weight of seeds of 67.68%, and reduced the percentage of empty seed ± 58.32% than without boron. The percentage of good growing seed can be improved ha (49.28–51.89%) by tertiary branch pruning and fertilizer application 5 to 10 kg/ha.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Dosis Pupuk N, P, dan K Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Terung (Solanum melongena L.) [The Influence of Dose Combination Fertilizer N, P, and K on Growth and Yield of Eggplant Crops (Solanum melongena L.)] Imam Firmansyah; Muhammad Syakir; Liferdi Lukman
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p69-78

Abstract

Pemupukan berimbang merupakan syarat pokok keberhasilan dalam meningkatkan produktifitas tanaman terung. Salah satu upaya dengan mencari dosis yang tepat. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi dosis pupuk N,P,K terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman terung, dan untuk mendapatkan dosis pupuk NPK yang paling tepat dalam meningkatkan produktifitas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februri 2013 - Juli 2013 di kebun percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah, wera, subang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan 11 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yang terdiri dari. a. (Kontrol) 0 kg/ha b. ( 0 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 75 kg K2O/ha) c. ( 100 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 75 kg K2O/ha) d. ( 200 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 75 kg K2O/ha) e. ( 300 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 75kg K2O/ha) f. ( 100 kg N/ha + 0 kg P2O5/ha + 75 kg K2O/ha) g. ( 100 kg N/ha + 200 kg P2O5/ha + 75 kg K2O/ha) h. ( 100 kg N/ha + 300 kg P2O5/ha + 75 kg K2O/ha) i. ( 100 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 0 kg K2O/ha) j. ( 100 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 150 kg K2O/ha) k. ( 100 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 225 kg K2O/ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemupukan NPK berpengaruh baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman terung, perlakuan dosis pupuk NPK sebanyak 200 kg n/ha, 100 kh P2O5/ha, 75 kg K2O/ha memberikan pengaruh paling baik terhadap semua parameter pengamatan.KeywordsTerung; Dosis; Kombinasi; NPK; PupukAbstractBalanced fertilization is a basic requirement of success in improving the productivity of eggplant. One effort to looking proper dose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of fertilizer N, P, and K on the growth and yield of eggplant, and to get a dose of NPK fertilizers are best in improving productivity. This study was conducted in February – July 2013 in the experimental orchard of Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute, Wera, Subang. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with 11 treatments and three replications consisting of (a) (control) 0 kg/ha, (b) 0 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 75 kg K2O/ha, (c) 100 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 75 kg K2O/ha, (d) 200 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 75 kg K2O/ha, (e) 300 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 75kg K2O/ha, (f) 100 kg N/ha + 0 kg P2O5/ha + 75 kg K2O/ha, (g) 100 kg N/ha + 200 kg P2O5/ha + 75 kg K2O/ha, (h) 100 kg N/ha + 300 kg P2O5/ha + 75 kg K2O/ha, (i) 100 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 0 kg K2O/ha, (j) 100 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 150 kg K2O/ha, and (k) 100 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 225 kg K2O/ha. The results showed that NPK fertilization effect both on the growth and yield of eggplant, treatment NPK, fertilizer dose of 200 kg N/ha, 100 kg P2O5/ha, 75 kg K2O/ha give best effect on all parameters of observation. Implications of research singer has found the optimal dose that can be become the benchmark of fertilizer needs on eggplant.
Deteksi Cepat Carnation mottle virus pada Tanaman Anyelir (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) [Rapid Detection of Carnation mottle virus on Carnation Plant (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)] Erniawati Diningsih; Gede Suastika; Tri Asmira Damayanti; Slamet Susanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p95-104

Abstract

Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) merupakan virus penting pada tanaman anyelir di Indonesia maupun di dunia.  Deteksi virus yang mudah dan cepat, diperlukan untuk memantau sumber induk anyelir bebas virus. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi tiga metode preparasi RNA total yang mudah dan cepat dari tanaman anyelir sebagai templat one step RT-PCR.  Sumber RNA total adalah dari daun dan batang anyelir terinfeksi CarMV. Metode yang dievaluasi yaitu SDT, SEM, dan kit komersial sebagai pembanding. Optimasi dilakukan terhadap konsentrasi akhir primer (0.4 – 1.0 µM) dan MgCl2 (1.5 dan 2.0 mM).  Metode SDT dan SEM berhasil mendapat RNA total dari tanaman anyelir baik dari sampel daun maupun batang.  Keberhasilan yang didapat dengan metode SDT dan SEM sebanding dengan kit komersial.  One step RT-PCR RNA total yang digabungkan dengan metode SDT dan SEM menghasilkan intensitas DNA yang sebanding dengan kit komersial.  RNA total dari daun sebagai sumber templat one step RT-PCR terbaik dibandingkan batang. Preparasi RNA total dengan metode SDT dan SEM adalah metode cepat, mudah, dan murah dalam menyediakan templat one step RT-PCR. Konsentrasi primer 0.4 µM dan MgCl2 2 mM merupakan konsentrasi optimum dan menghasilkan hasil amplifikasi terbaikKeywordsCarmovirus; Simple extraction method (SEM); Simple direct tube (SDT); One step RT-PCRAbstrackCarnation mottle virus (CarMV) is an important virus on carnation plants in the world, including in Indonesia. A rapid and easy virus detection is necessary to monitor the source of virus free carnation mother plant. The aim of the research was to evaluate three methods of rapid and easy total RNA preparation from carnation plants as template of one step RT-PCR. The total RNA source is from the CarMV infected leaf and stem of carnations. The evaluated method namely simple direct method (SDT), simple extraction method (SEM), and commercial kit as comparison. Optimization was performed to a final concentration of premiere (0.4 – 1.0 µM) and MgCl2 (1.5 and 2.0 mM). SDT and SEM method successfully obtained a total RNA from both leaves and stems samples. The obtained success by the SDT and SEM methods were comparable with these of commercial kit. One step RT-PCR of total RNA combined with SDT and SEM methods produced DNA intensity comparable with commercial kits. Total RNA from leaves known to be the best source of one step RT-PCR template compared to these from stem. Total RNA preparation by SDT and SEM method is a method of quick, easy, and inexpensive to provide a template one step RT-PCR. Premiere and MgCl2 concentration of 0.4 μM and 2 mM, respectively were optimum concentration and produced best amplification result.
Efektivitas Pupuk Hayati Unggulan Nasional Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Effectivities Trial of National Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Shallot) nFN Suwandi; Gina Aliya Sopha; Liferdi Lukman; Muhammad Prama Yufdy
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p23-34

Abstract

Penggunaan pupuk hayati merupakan salah satu cara pengelolaan hara  ramah lingkungan untuk  mengurangi input  pupuk in-organik, meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas hasil, serta melestarikan kesuburan tanah.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pupuk hayati unggulan nasional (PHUN) paling efektif untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil umbi bawang merah di tanah Alluvial. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan 4 ulangan dan 11 perlakuan pengelolaan hara, yaitu kontrol (tanpa pemupukan), pemupukan rekomendasi (2 ton/ha pupuk organik/kompos, 300 kg/ha Urea + 300 kg/ha ZA, 300 kg/ha SP-36, 200 kg/ha KCl), dan 9 PHUN (Beyonic+, Biotrico, PROBIO-New, Super-BIOST, Bio-SRF, Bion-UP, Bio-Padjar, Agrifit, dan BIOPF) dikombinasikan dengan½ pemupukan rekomendasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian PHUN +  ½ dosis NPK rekomendasi pada bawang merah di lahan Aluvial (ketersediaan P & K tinggi) dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman, serapan N&K, serta hasil umbi bawang, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan pemupukan dosis rekomendasi. Perlakuan PHUN - Biotrico, Beyonic+, PROBIO-New dan BioPF mempunyai efektivitas lebih baik terhadap parameter tanaman tersebut dibandingkan jenis PHUN lainnya. Selanjutnya disarankan uji lanjutan PHUN  pada tanah Aluvial yang subur (P & K tinggi) secara parsial tanpa dikombinasikan dengan pupuk NPK dan pemberian pupuk oranik.KeywordsAllium ascalonicum; NPK; PHUN; Serapan hara NPK; Hasil bawang merahAbstractThe use of organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers environmentally friendly management practices to reduce nutrient inputs in the organic fertilizer, increasing the quantity and quality of results, and preserving soil fertility. The purpose of the research to get national biofertilizers (PHUN) are most effective for improving growth and yield of shallot bulbs in the Alluvial soil. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with four replications and 11 treatments nutrient management, consisted of control (without fertilizer), fertilizer recommendations (2 tonnes/ha of organic manure/compost, 300 kg/ha of + 300 kg/ha ZA , 300 kg/ha SP 36 , 200 kg/ha KCl), and nine types of biofertilizers (Beyonic + Biotrico, PROBIO - New , Super - BIOST, Bio - SRF , Bion - UP , Bio - Padjar , Agrifit , and BIOPF) combined with ½ dose fertilizers recommendation. The results showed that applied of PHUNs and ½ doses of NPK recommendation on shallot in Alluvial soil (P and K high availability) could improve plant growth, uptake of N and K, as well as the dry shallot yield, but did not significantly different with the recommended fertilization. Treatments of PHUN - Biotrico, Beyonic +, PROBIO-New, and BioPF gave better effectiveness on those parameters observed than other types of PHUN.
Dampak Kebijakan Subsidi Pupuk Terhadap Daya Saing Komoditas Sayuran di Bali (The Impact of Fertilizer Subsidy Policy on the Competitiveness of Vegetable Commodities in Bali) Jemmy Rinaldi; Rizka Amalia Nugrahapsari; nFN Suharyanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p137-146

Abstract

Usahatani sayuran dinilai tidak berdaya saing dan kurang menguntungkan karena mahalnya harga input produksi tidak seimbang dengan harga output yang dihasilkan. Hal ini menyebabkan produksi sayuran di Bali semakin berkurang sehingga harus mendatangkan pasokan sayuran dari luar Bali. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui daya saing usahatani sayuran di Bali dan (2) mengetahui dampak kebijakan subsidi pupuk pemerintah terhadap pengembangan usahatani sayuran di Bali. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Tabanan Provinsi Bali dengan pertimbangan bahwa kabupaten tersebut merupakan sentra produksi sayuran di Bali. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang dihadiri oleh 50 orang petani sayuran sebagai sampel penelitian. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer berupa data input output dalam berusahatani sayuran yang diterapkan petani selama tahun 2014. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam mengolah data adalah Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usahatani sayuran di Bali masih memiliki keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif terutama pada usahatani komoditas cabai merah, cabai rawit dan tomat. Kebijakan subsidi pupuk dari pemerintah berdampak pada pengembangan usahatani sayuran di Bali terutama pada usahatani cabai merah, sawi hijau dan kubis/kol. Untuk meningkatkan daya saing usahatani sayuran dan merangsang petani meningkatkan produksi sayuran di Bali diharapkan pemerintah daerah mampu memberikan kebijakan tambahan berupa: subsidi obat-obatan yang selama ini masih dibeli dengan harga impor oleh petani dan menetapkan kebijakan harga output pada komoditas sayuran.KeywordsUsahatani sayuran; Daya saing; Policy analysis matrix; BaliAbstractVegetable farming in Bali is less desirable by the farmers because the input price is expensive. Whereas Bali is one of the city’s tourism industry which the need of vegetables were expected to continue rising. In line with this the government provides subsidies for production input, especially fertilizer input to improve agricultural competitiveness in Indonesia. This research aims to: (1) determine the competitiveness of vegetable farming in Bali and (2) determine the impact of the fertilizer subsidy policy of the government towards the development of vegetable farming in Bali. This research was conducted in Tabanan Bali Province on the consideration that the district is the center of vegetable production in Bali. This research was conducted by focus group discussion (FGD approach), which was attended by 50 vegetables farmers. The data obtained in this study are primary data in the form of input output data in vegetable farming during 2014. The analytical method used is the policy analysis matrix (PAM). The results showed that vegetable farming in Bali still has comparative and competitive advantages, especially in red chilli, cayenne pepper, and tomatoes. Fertilizer subsidy policy of the government have an impact on the development of vegetable farming in Bali mainly on red chilli, chinese cabbage, and cabbage. To improve the competitiveness of vegetables farming and to stimulate farmers to increase production of vegetables in Bali, local government is expected to be able to provide additional policies such as socialize how to use chemical pesticide and set an output pricing policy on vegetable commodities.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Larutan Garam NaCl terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kualitas Bibit Lima Kultivar Asparagus (The Effect of NaCl Salt Solution Concentrations on Growth and Seedling Quality of Five Asparagus Cultivars) nFN Kusumiyati; Tino Mutiarawati Onggo; Fajrianti Anandya Habibah
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p79-86

Abstract

Kondisi iklim tropis seperti di Indonesia yang memiliki suhu dan kelembaban udara yang tinggi, memicu penyebaran penyakit yang merupakan masalah utama pada pertanaman asparagus. Penggunaan air garam (kondisi salin) pada media tanam dapat mengendalikan penyakit busuk akar dan memperbaiki pertumbuhan tanaman asparagus. Percobaan ini bertujuan menguji ketahanan salinitas dari lima kultivar asparagus untuk memilih kultivar asparagus yang menghasilkan pertumbuhan bibit yang baik ditanam di Indonesia. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kecamatan Cisarua, Bandung dengan tinggi tempat 1.100 meter di atas permukaan laut dari bulan April sampai September 2014. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah kultivar asparagus terdiri dari lima kultivar yaitu Atlas F1; De Paoli F1 Hybrid; Jing Green No. 1 Hybrid F1; San Knight Hybrid F1 dan Jaleo. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi larutan garam terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 1.0 g L-1; 4.0 g L-1 dan 7.0 g L-1. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan tidak adanya interaksi antara jenis kultivar dan konsentrasi larutan garam. Pengaruh mandiri dari perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa kultivar De Paoli F1 Hybrid menghasilkan bobot segar bibit, tinggi bibit, jumlah batang, bobot shoot, bobot crown, volume crown, panjang akar dan jumlah akar yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kultivar lainnya. Kultivar San Knight Hybrid F1 menghasilkan bibit yang lebih rendah dari semua komponen pengamatan dibandingkan kultivar lainnya. Aplikasi konsentrasi larutan garam 4 dan 7 g L-1 menunjukkan tinggi bibit, jumlah batang, bobot segar bibit, bobot shoot, bobot crown dan volume crown lebih rendah dibandingkan konsentrasi larutan garam 1 g L-1. Pengaruh konsentrasi larutan garam 7 g L-1 nyata menekan pertumbuhan panjang akar dan jumlah akar.KeywordsKultivar Asparagus officinalis L.; Bibit Asparagus officinalis L.; Konsentrasi air garamAbstractHigh temperature and humidity in tropical conditions as in Indonesia affect the spread of diseases which is the main problem in asparagus production. The application of salt water (salin condition) in the growing media reduced the infestation of root rot diseases and improve the growth of asparagus plants. This experiments aims to study the salinity resistance of five asparagus cultivar for the selection of asparagus cultivar which produced favorable seedling to be planted in Indonesia. This experiment conducted at Cisarua, Bandung at an altitude of 1,100 m asl. from April to September 2014. The experimental design used was a randomized block design factorial and replicated three times.The first factor was asparagus cultivars consisting of five cultivars i.e. Atlas F1, De Paoli F1 hybrid, Jing Green no.1 hybrid F1, San Knight hybrid F1, and Jaleo. The second factor was salt concentration, consisting of three levels i.e. 1.0 g/L, 4.0 g/L, and 7.0 g/L. The results showed that there was no interaction between the cultivar and the concentrations of salt solution on all parameter tested. The effects of treatments showed that De Paoli F1 hybrid cultivars produced heavier seedling weight, higher seedling, more stems number, heavier shoot weight and crown weight, greater crown volume, longer roots length and more roots number compared to the other cultivars. San Knight hybrid F1 cultivars produced the inferior seedling from all component tested compared to the other cultivars. Application of 4 and 7 g/L salt concentration produced lower seedlings high, stems number, fresh seedling weight, shoot weight, crown weight and crown volume compared to the concentration of 1 g/L salt. The effect of salt concentrations of 7 g/L significant in reducing roots length and roots number.
Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Isoenzim Aksesi Pamelo [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.] Berbiji dan Tidak Berbiji {Morphological and Isoenzyme Characterization of Seeded and Seedless Pummelo [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.] Accessions} Rahayu, Arifah; Susanto, Slamet; Purwoko, Bambang Sapto; Dewi, Iswari Saraswati
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p11-22

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakter morfologi dan biokimia dengan isoenzim aksesi pamelo berbiji dan tidak berbiji asal Sumedang, Kudus, Pati dan Magetan. Karakter morfologi yang berperan dalam pengelompokan aksesi pamelo adalah tebal epikarp, pinggiran helai daun, panjang kantong jus, warna kulit buah masak, lebar sayap daun dan bentuk buah, sedangkan karakter isoenzim adalah MDH (Rf 0.11 dan 0.14) dan ACP (Rf 0.24 dan 0.33). Pita ACP Rf 0.24 dapat dijadikan penanda untuk membedakan aksesi berbiji dan tidak berbiji.  Dendrogram berdasarkan karakter morfologi memisahkan kelompok aksesi berbiji dan tidak berbiji pada koefisien kemiripan 0.63, dan berdasarkan isoenzim pada koefisien kemiripan 0.49. Dendrogram berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan isoenzim dapat membedakan antara aksesi berbiji, potensial tidak berbiji dan tidak berbiji. Hasil pemetaan komponen utama kongruen dengan dendrogram, yaitu dapat memisahkan aksesi berbiji maupun tidak berbiji, berdasarkan karakter morfologi, isoenzim maupun kombinasinya.KeywordsCitrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.; Morfologi; Isoenzim; Asam fosfatase; Koefisien kemiripanAbstractIndonesia has many pummelo accessions with various shape, size, color, taste, and seeds number of fruit. Up to now characters that can distinguish seeded and seedless pummelo accessions are not yet known well. The objective of this work was to evaluate morphological and biochemical (isoenzyme) characters of seeded and seedless pummelo accessions originated from Sumedang, Pati, Kudus, and Magetan. Morphological identification used vegetative and reproductive component of pummelo tree, based on IPGRI descriptor list. Isoenzyme analysis was done by using young leaves and esterase (EST), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), peroxidase (PER), acid phosphatase (ACP), as well as glutamate oxaloasetate transaminase (GOT) isoenzymes. Morphological characters that contributed in grouping pummelo accessions were epicarp thickness, leaf lamina margin, vesicle length, epicarp color, petiole wing width and fruit shape, while isoenzyme characters were MDH (Rf 0.11 and 0.14) and ACP (Rf 0.24 and 0.33). Fruit shape (pyriform), fruit axis (hollow), seeds number (<10) per fruit, and ACP band at Rf 0.24 could be used as marker to differentiate seeded and seedless pummelo accessions. Separation between seeded and seedless accessions can be done based on morphological characters occured at similarity coefficient of 0.63 while on isoenzyme characters occured at similarity coefficient of 0.49. Dendrogram based on combined morphological and isoenzyme data was able to differentiate seed bearing and seedless pummelo accessions. Principal component analysis results was congruent with that of morphological, isoenzyme, and combination of them.

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