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INDONESIA
Perspektif : Review Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 14128004     EISSN : 25408240     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Majalah Perspektif Review Penelitian Tanaman Industri diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan yang memuat makalah tinjauan (review) fokus pada Penelitian dan kebijakan dengan ruang lingkup (scope) komoditas Tanaman Industri/perkebunan, antara lain : nilam, kelapa sawit, kakao, tembakau, kopi, karet, kapas, cengkeh, lada, tanaman obat, rempah, kelapa, palma, sagu, pinang, temu-temuan, aren, jarak pagar, jarak kepyar, dan tebu.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 203 Documents
 7   8   9   10   11 
Nitrogen management on sustainable patchouli production Setiawan, Setiawan
Perspektif Vol 14, No 1 (2015): Juni, 2015
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v14n1.2015.51-59

Abstract

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) one of plant which is producing essential oil called patchouli oil. The oil produced by destilation herbage. The crops are responsive to fertilizers especially nitrogen and N concentration in leaves 5.58%. The condition is potentially to decline of soil fertility. Urea is N source commonly used to increase yiled. N fertilizer was not at all to used by the crops, partly of N loss to the environment by leacing, denitrification, and volatilization to the atmosphere as ammonia gaseous. Threre are several technology potentialy to prevent the losses of N and maintain of soil fertility such as provide N fertilizers corresponding growth phase reffer to “5th right” (right time, right doses, right type, right place and right method), provide N Stabilizer and N crops fixing by cropping patern with legumes. This paper aims to review the results of fertilization on patchouli as an effort to support sustainable agriculture.Keywords: Patchouli, fertilizer, nitrogen, N used efficiency Pengelolaan Nitrogen pada Budidaya Nilam BerkelanjutanRINGKASANNilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) salah satu tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang dikenal sebagai minyak nilam. Tanaman nilam responsif terhadap pemupukan terutama Nitrogen. N yang terkandung dalam daun sebesar 5,58%. Urea merupakan sumber pupuk N yang umum diberikan untuk meningkatkan hasil pertanian. Pemberian N ke dalam tanah tidak saja untuk menghasilkan produksi yang optimal juga untuk mengembalikan tingkat kesuburan tanah. N yang diaplikasikan ke tanah tidak semuanya dimanfaatkan oleh tanaman, sebagian N hilang karena pencucian, denitrifikasi dan menguap ke atmosfer sebagai gas amonia. Beberapa teknologi yang dapat atau berpotensi untuk mencegah kehilangan N dari tanah antara lain memberikan pupuk N sesuai dengan fase pertumbuhan tanaman dengan mengacu pada 5 tepat (tepat waktu, tepat dosis, tepat jenis, tepat tempat dan tepat cara), mengembalikan limbah hasil penyulingan nilam dalam bentuk kompos, memberikan penstabil pada pupuk N dan fiksasi N dari udara melalui pola tanam nilam dengan kacang-kacangan. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mereview hasil-hasil penelitian pemupukan nilam sebagai upaya mendukung budidaya nilam berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: Nilam, pemupukan, nitrogen, efisiensi pemupukan N
The potency of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as Biological Controller Agent of Estate Crops Diseases in The Environmentally Friendly MESAK TOMBE
Perspektif Vol 12, No 2 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v12n2.2013.%p

Abstract

Estate crops is one of the foreign exchange producers that can be relied on in the globalization era. Therefore the production of estate crops process requires means of production that is efficient and environmentally friendly to raise the competitiveness in the global market. Plant disease control by using biological  controlle agent such as PGPR is necessary to be utilized in the estate crops enterprise that is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR ) is a bacterium that lives in the root and can produce antibiotic, as competitor, induce plant resistance to control pathogenic disease and pest and can secrete useful compounds  for plant growth. PGPR  user can reduce the utization of synthetic pesticide and inorganic fertilizer. The application of PGPR to control diseases in the estate crops such as pepper, tea, tobacco, and vanilla  effective to control the main pathogens such as Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora nicotianae,Fusarium oxysporum, Pseudomonas solanacerum, Rigidoporus lignosis, Exobasidium vexans,Tobacco Mosaic Virus and nematodes. PGPR has the potency to reduce the pesticide utilization upto 50% and in the organic cultivation. PGPR has been published could complety replace the pesticide utilization especially if it is used continuously. Indonesia is the second biggest country in the biological resources including PGPR. This potency is necessary to be developed and utilized to build the estate crops that is environmentally friendly and suatainable. Key words : PGPR, biological control, environmentally friendly, induce resistance.
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN BIOINSEKTISIDA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS (NPV) UNTUK PENGENDALIAN / Prospect of Development of Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) Bioinsecticide Against Samsudin Samsudin
Perspektif Vol 15, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v15n1.2016.18-30

Abstract

Chemical insecticides for estate crop pests control are ineffective, impractical, expensive, and causing environmental pollutions. The entomopathogenic virus (EPV) mainly the nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) can be developed as an effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly biopesticide. NPV can be survived in the field in the form of polyhedra and spread naturally through the vertical and horizontal transmission process. The infected larvae usually hang by pseudolegs to the leaves or entrees. Research to increase virulence, host spectrum and its persistence has been done to overcome some weaknesses of NPV if developed as biopesticide. Some NPV isolates that infect the estate crop pests and potential to be developed in Indonesia, among others: Spodoptera litura NPV (SlNPV), S. exigua NPV (SeNPV), Helicoverpa armigera NPV (HaNPV), Sethotosea asigna NPV (SaNPV), Hyposidra talaca NPV (HtNPV) and Maenas maculifascia NPV (MmNPV). Based on several advantages of NPV compared with the chemical insecticides, the development of NPV biopesticide for controlling estate crop pests in Indonesia has very good prospects.
Pengendalian Nitrosamin dan Diversifikasi Bahan Bakar Pada Pengovenan Tembakau Virginia nFN SAMSURITIRTOSASTRO
Perspektif Vol 1, No 2 (2002): Desember 2002
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v1n2.2002.55-65

Abstract

Luas tanaman tembakau Virginia di Indonesia seiap tahun (1996-2000) mencapai 40 133 ha dengan produksi 41 680 ton. Sedangkan kebutuhan tembakau ini untuk konsumsi sebesar 51 723 ton dan masih memerlukan 35 375 ton dari Negara lain senilai US$ 67 536 089 iap tahun. Pengolahan daun tembakau Virginia menjadi daun tembakau kering atau krosok fc (flue-cured) menggunakan bangunan oven dan minyak tanah sebagai bahan bakar utama. Sesuai kebijaksanaan energi nasional, yang menetapkan minyak tanah hanya sebagai sumber energi petani di pedesaan, telah dilakukan peneliian diversifikasi bahan bakar lain sebagai penggani minyak tanah. Nitrosamin (tobacco specific nitrosamin-TSNA) adalah bahan karsinogenik pada daun tembakau selain terdapat pada bahan makanan lain. Komponen ini terbentuk selama pengovenan dan idak terdapat pada daun tembakau segar yang bam dipeik. Saat ini telah diketahui terdapat lima macam nitrosamin pada daun tembakau masing-masing NNN (N-nitrosonorikoine), NAB (nitrosoanabasine), NNK (4-methylnitrosamino-l-l(3-pysidyl)-l-butanone), NATB (nitrosoanatabine) and NNA (4-methylnitrosamino-4-(3-pysidyl)-l-butanal). Nitrosamin merupakan hasil reaksi antara nitit dan alkaloid pada daun tembakau. Nitrit terbentuk melalui dua cara, pertama, sebagai hasil degradasi mikrobia anaerobik terhadap senyawa nitrat daun untuk menghasilkan energi dan sisa nitrit. Kedua, nitrit merupakan residu pembakaran bahan bakar minyak, gas, dan juga biomasa yang menempel pada permukaan daun tembakau. Sesuai dengan cara pembentukan nitrit pada daun tembakau, pembentukan nitrosamin dapat diturunkan dengan sistem pemanasan udara ruang oven secara idak langsung. Tetapi cara ini akan meningkatkan konsumsi bahan bakar 1-2 kali lebih besar dan diikui peningkatan biaya produksi. Minyak tanah sendiri menunjukkan harga yang selalu meningkat, Rp 300,-pada tahun 2000, Rp 6000,- pada tahun 2002 dan diperkirakan akan meningkat lagi pada tahun-tahun mendatang. Penggunaan analis simulasi dengan skenario harga minyak tanah Rp 800,-/1 dan konsumsi minyak tanah 1.5-3.0 1/kg krosok menghasilkan tiik impas jika petani memperoleh harga rata-rata Rp 11 260 sampai dengan Rp 12 550/kg krosok. Paket teknologi untuk diversifikasi bahan bakar yang telah tersedia seperi penggunaan minyak solar, LPG, energi surya dan batubara masih belum kompeiif dibandingkan minyak tanah selama minyak tanah masih memperoleh subsidi yang tinggi dari pemeintah.Kata kunci : Nicotianan tabacum, Virginia, nitrosamine, diversifikasi, bahan bakar.
Technology Of Green Pepper Processing For Farmer JUNIATY TOWAHA; YULIUS FERRY
Perspektif Vol 10, No 1 (2011): Juni 2011
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v10n1.2011.%p

Abstract

International markets other product as white pepper and black pepper is also known other products such as green pepper, orange pepper, pepper powder, oleoresin of pepper and pepper oil.  Pepper product from Indonesia is still predominantly exported in black and white pepper, while green pepper only a small portion of total exports of Indonesian pepper. Green was more expensive when compared with black pepper and white pepper. The green pepper have comparative superiority than others product, that is special flavour, color and natural appearance, with the result that able to make used of spices and as food garnishing. The technology as easy to adopt by farmers, so the developing a green pepper on the scale of farmer home industry have a good prospects, as well as alternative products that can increase market absorption, this product is also expected to increase the farmers income. Keywords:  Technology, processing, green pepper, farmers.
Peningkatan Dayasaing Industri Mente Indonesia Melalui Pembentukan Klaster Industri Mente CHANDRA INDRAWANTO
Perspektif Vol 3, No 1 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v3n1.2004.15-23

Abstract

Keunggulan dayasaing di masa depan sangat dientukan oleh kemampuan merespon keinginan konsumen dan menemukan inovasi-inovasi baru. Kemampuan ersebut dapat tergali melalui pembentukan klaser industi yang mengkoordinasikan industri inti dengan industi terkait dan industri pendukungnya. Peningkatan dayasaing industri mente Indonesia melalui pembentukan klaster industri mente dapat dilakukan pada tingkat kabupaten di sentra-sentra produksi untuk industi pengacipan, dan di ingkat nasional untuk industri hilirnya. Pengembangan industi pengacipan skala rumah tangga dengan teknologi sederhana di senia produksi dapat meningkatkan posisi tawar petani dan meningkatkan efisiensi industi pengacipan sehingga dayasaing meningkat. Pengembangan industri hilir berbahan baku hasil mente akan meningkatkan permintaan produk mente dan meningkatkan nilai tambah yang didapat dari produk mente yang berujung pada meningkatnya dayasaing industri mente. Untuk itu perlu koordinasi yang baik antara klaster industri mene dengan klaster industri erkait yaitu industri yang memakai bahan baku produk hasil turunan mente dengan klaster industri pendukungnya seperi industri mesin dan peralatan, lembaga penelitian, dan pendidikan untuk mendukung penemuan inovasi baru.Kata Kunci: Mente, Anacardium ocadentale, dayasaing, klaster industi ABSTRACT Improving the competitiveness of Indonesian cashew industry through cluster industryCompetiive advantage in the future will be determined significantly by the ability of the industry to respond consumer's need and by the ability to search new innovations. Those abilities can be generaed through cluser industry between core industry, supporing industry and related industry. The improvement of Indonesia cashew industry's compeiiveness through cashew cluster industry can be done in regency level, in the producion ceners, for peeling industry, and in naional level for its downstream industries. The development of peehng industry at household level with simple technology in the production centers can increase the bargaining posiion of the farmers and improve the efficiency of the peeling industry. The development of cashew downstream industry can increase the demand of cashew product and increase the value added gained from cashew product that leads to the increasing of the competitiveness of cashew industry. To support that, a good coordinaion between cashew cluster industries as a coe industry with related cluster industies, which use cashew and cashew downstream products as input, and with support cluster industies is needed.Key Words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, competitiveness, cluster industry
PROSPECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS DEVELOPED AS BOTANICAL PESTICIDES SRI YUNI HARTATI
Perspektif Vol 11, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v11n1.2012.%p

Abstract

Some essential oils exhibit biological activities against microbes, insect pests, as well as vectors pathogens of human, animals, and plants. The properties of essential oils have been exploited and their products have been commercialized and widely used especially in food industries, such as additives and preservatives. Essential oils have a great potential for botanical pesticides, since their biological activities, effectivity, compatibility, target organisms, and environmentally-friendly. Some essential oil-base pesticides have been produced and widely used to control microbial pathogens, insect pests, and vector pathogens in the environment of houses, glass houses, and veteriner. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of most essential oil-based pesticides are generally low. In the other hand, they are also compatible with other control measures and produce free residues of agricultural products. However, essential oil-base pesticides have some barriers, as well as other botanical pesticides, especially in their stability and effectivity. In addition commercializing essential oil-based pesticides is limited, such as, in the scarcity of the row materials, there is a need for chemical standardization and quality control, and  difficulties in registration. If those barriers and constrains could be solved, essential oils would have a great potential to be developed in commercial scale. The development of essential oil-base pesticides in industrial and commercial scale hopefully would increase farmers income and devisa as well to reduce the use of synthetical pesticides, therefore environmental disasters  would be reduced. Key words: Essential oil, biological activity, microbes, insects, botanical pesticide
PERBAIKAN BIOPROSES UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI MOLASE TEBU / Bioprocess Improvement for Enhanching Bioethanol Production of Sugarcane Molase Suminar Diyah Nugraheni; Mastur Mastur
Perspektif Vol 16, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v16n2.2017.69-79

Abstract

ABSTRAK Bioetanol merupakan salah satu bahan bakar alternatif yang strategis untuk dikembangkan. Salah satu substrat yang menjanjikan untuk digunakan adalah molase.  Molase merupakan hasil samping industri gula kristal tebu yang masih  mengandung gula yaitu sekitar 45-54,6%.  Bioetanol dari molase tebu  berpotensi untuk dikembangkan karena sangat menguntungkan, pasokan cukup besar, tersedianya teknologi proses, serta tidak bersaing dengan pangan. Tulisan ini mengulas hasil-hasil penelitian dan implikasinya tentang bahan baku, proses, lingkungan yang berpengaruh serta strategi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas bioetanol dari molase tebu melalui rekayasa proses fermentasi. Pada pembuatan etanol, fermentasi merupakan proses yang memegang peranan penting.  Pengaturan lingkungan fermentasi seperti suhu, pH, dan tekanan berpengaruh terhadap bioproses dalam fermentasi.  Begitu pula penambahan bahan suplemen seperti gula, garam, dan ion logam menurut jenis dan konsentrasi yang tepat juga dapat mengoptimalkan proses fermentasi.  Selain pengelolaan lingkungan dan penambahan bahan suplemen, strategi untuk peningkatan produktivitas bioetanol dari molase dapat dilakukan dengan: 1) penggunaan mikrobia selain Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 2) pretreatment; dan 3) metode fermentasi kontinyu. Penggunaan mikrobia selain Saccharomyces cerevisiae, seperti Zymomonas mobilis dapat meningkatkan produktivitas etanol hingga 55,8 g/L atau 27,9% dari total gula reduksi.  Perlakuan pretreatment dapat meningkatkan produktivitas mikrobia dalam mengkonversi gula menjadi etanol, sedangkan penggunaan metode fermentasi secara kontinyu dapat meningkatkan produktivitas sebesar + 4.75 g/L/jam.  ABSTRACT Bioethanol is one of strategic alternative fuel to develop.  One of substrate that promises to be used is molasses. Molasses is by-product of sugar industry which contain of sugar about 45-54,6%. Bioethanol from sugarcane molase is necessary to develope because it is very profitable, large supply, availability technology, and no-competion to  food.  This paper was aimed to reviews some research results and their implications on raw materials, processes, advanced environments and strategies to increas bioethanol productivity of molasses through the fermentation process engineering. In the manufacture of ethanol, fermentation is an important holding process.  In ethanol production, fermentation plays an important role.  Fermentation environments arragement such as temperature, pH, and pressure can effect on bioprocess of fermentation. Similarly, the addition of supplemental ingredients such as sugar, salt, and metal ions by appropriate type and concentration can also optimize the fermentation process. In addition to environmental arrangement and supplemental adding, strategies to improve bioethanol productivity of molasses can be accomplished by 1) the use of microbes other than Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 2) pretreatment; and 3) continuous fermentation method. The use of microbes other than Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such as Zymomonas mobilis can increase ethanol productivity up to 55.8 g / L or 27.9% of total sugar reduction.  Pretreatment can increase microbial productivity in converting sugar to ethanol, while continuous use of fermentation method can increase productivity by + 4.75 g / L / hr. 
Variability and Improvement of Processing Method for Several Types of Local Sliced Tobaccos in The Growing Areas JOKO HARTONO
Perspektif Vol 12, No 1 (2013): Juni 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v12n1.2013.%p

Abstract

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) is grown in fourteen provinces of Indonesia including Nangroe Aceh Darusalam (NAD), North Sumatera, West Sumatera, Jambi, South Sumatera, Lampung, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and South Sulawesi, with varied processing methods. The method used is influenced by level of technology of the farmers, consumer preferences and local wisdom. Less technology involved in every step of tobacco processing result in lower quality of sliced tobacco produced. The use of proper processing method based on recommended technologies are expected to increase tobaccos farmers income and thus their welfare. These recommended processing technologies are related to optimization of different processing steps, such as, sorting, leaf-fermentation, winding, slicing and drying. It is thought that consumer preferences and local genius had interacted each other to produce specific processing methods. Some existing methods remain to be adopted as those methods are unique and characterizing specific types of sliced tobaccos that already have particular market segment. For example, methods that are related to width of sliced tobacco (fine, medium, coarse), colour (green, white, yellow, red, and black), foot-pressing for the production of black tobacco from Payakumbuh, West Sumatera; grilling of dry sliced tobacco from Soppeng, South Sulawesi and different  material and methods used in wrapping sliced tobacco for marketing the products. This paper reviews and discusses the variability of the processing methods in the production of sliced tobacco in order to identify technology that are able to produce sliced tobacco of  high quality index. Keywords : Nicotiana tabaccum, sliced tobacco,  method of processing, cultural  local wisdom.
PERTANIAN BIOINDUSTRI : Dari Biomasa untuk Pertanian Sampai Keperluan Bioavtur/Jet-Fuel Pesawat Udara . SUMANTO; Bambang Prastowo
Perspektif Vol 15, No 2 (2016): Desember, 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v15n2.2016.146-156

Abstract

ABSTRAKPertanian Indonesia memiliki karakter pertanian tropika yang secara alami merupakan kawasan dengan efektivitas dan produktivitas tertinggi di dalam pemanenan dan transformasi energi matahari. Pertanian selama ini memang berperan sebagai penghasil maupun pengguna biomasa, baik untuk pupuk, pakan dan bioenergi termasuk untuk mekanisasi sistem pertaniannya. Pemanfaatan sumber daya hayati di pertanian semakin mengarahkan agar pertanian  cerdas dengan memanfaatkan biomasa sedemikian rupa sehingga siklus produksi dan pengembalian biomasa ke lahan pertanian tetap berlangsung. Di lain pihak pertanian semakin dituntut untuk mendukung sektor lain termasuk energi baik untuk pertanian itu sendiri maupun untuk transportasi seperti bioavtur untuk pesawat terbang. Semakin sentralnya peranan biomasa pertanian ini telah mendorong para peneliti mengembangkan risetnya, selain menghasilkan tanaman yang mampu memproduksi hasil utama (grain, gabah, butiran jagung dan sejenis lainnya), juga mulai membuat skenario agar tanaman juga menghasilkan biomasa dengan jumlah yang banyak dan fungsionil. Tanaman padi tidak lagi diharapkan hanya memproduksi gabah dengan jumlah yang banyak, tetapi juga menghasilkan jerami yang lebih banyak dengan kandungan lignin yang rendah serta jerami yang mudah terfermentasi untuk pakan, mempermudah pemisahan lignin sehingga akhirnya mempermudah pembuatan etanol dari jerami padi menggunakan teknologi biofuel generasi dua. Di dunia saat bahkan sedang berlangsung riset-riset dan pengujian serta pemanfaatan biomasa pertanian untuk menghasilkan bioavtur atau jet-fuel. Teknologinya sudah ada dan telah dicoba di mana salahsatunya adalah teknnologi HEFA-SPK (Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids- Synthesis Paraffin Kerosene). Uji terbang juga sudah dilakukan beberapa kali oleh beberapa perusahaan penerbangan, dan hasilnya sangat memuaskan. Konsekuensinya, pertanian tidak lagi hanya menghasilkan produk primer konvensionil (pangan, pakan dan sejenisnya) tetapi juga harus memposisikan diri untuk menjadi sumber bioenergi dan produk-bio lainnya. Dengan kata lain pertanian ke depan harus menjadi pertanian bioindustri, baik untuk memenuhi keperluan pertanian sendiri maupun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sektor industri lainnya.Kata kunci : biomasa, bioenergi, bioavtur, bioindustri, biofuel generasi dua, mekanisasi pertanian ABSTRACTIndonesian agriculture naturally is tropical agriculture with the highest effectiveness in harvesting of solar energy. Agricultural is also a producer and user of biomass, both for fertilizer, feed and bioenergy including bioenergy for mechanization of agricultural systems. Use of biological resources in agriculture increasingly directed to be smart agriculture by utilizing biomass so that the biomass production cycle in agricultural land is continuing. On the other hand, agriculture increasingly required to support other sectors including energy both for agriculture itself and transportation sector such as bioavtur for airplanes. Increasingly the important role of agricultural biomass has prompted researchers to develop research program, besides improving plant productivity, also began to create grand-scenarios so that plants also can produce biomass in large numbers and functional. Rice plants are no longer expected to only produce large numbers of grain, but also enable to produce more straw with low lignin content, as well as producing an easy-fermented hay for animal feeding, easily separating lignin and cellulose, and easily producing bioethanol from rice straw using a second generation biofuel technologies. Ongoing research, testing and utilization of agricultural biomass to produce bioavtur or jet fuel is now to be one of the top priority in the world. The technology already exists and has been tried, and one of them is Hefa-SPK technology (Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids- Synthesis Paraffin Kerosene). Flight test has also been carried out several times by several airlines, and the results are very satisfactory. Consequently, agriculture is no longer merely produce primary products (food, feed) but must be repositioning to be a source of bioenergy and also a producer of other bio-products. In other words, in the future, agriculture must be developed to be bioindustry agriculture, both to meet the needs of the farm itself and to meet the needs of other industrial sectors.Key words : biomass, bioenergy, bioindustry, second generation biofuel,                                    agricultural mechanization

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