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INDONESIA
Perspektif : Review Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 14128004     EISSN : 25408240     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Majalah Perspektif Review Penelitian Tanaman Industri diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan yang memuat makalah tinjauan (review) fokus pada Penelitian dan kebijakan dengan ruang lingkup (scope) komoditas Tanaman Industri/perkebunan, antara lain : nilam, kelapa sawit, kakao, tembakau, kopi, karet, kapas, cengkeh, lada, tanaman obat, rempah, kelapa, palma, sagu, pinang, temu-temuan, aren, jarak pagar, jarak kepyar, dan tebu.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 203 Documents
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Topping, Harvesting, and Blending Tech-niques and Cigarette Design To Reduce Nicotine Levels of Tobacco and Cigarette JOKO HARTONO
Perspektif Vol 10, No 1 (2011): Juni 2011
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v10n1.2011.%p

Abstract

Anti-smoking movement increasingly pressed towards the development of national tobacco and cigarette industry. Various regulations have been made, namely Government Regulation of Republic Indonesia (PPRI) No. 81 year 1999 and PPRI No. 38 year 2000. Previous PPRI No 19 of 2003, which among other things, deleting the provision levels of nicotine and tar content per cigarette but require cigarette manufacturers to include levels of nicotine and tar contained and push the Department of Agriculture to produce tobacco with health risks as small as possible, partly by decreasing nicotine content. Decreased levels of nicotine can be done with topping, sucker control, proper harvest, and blending, and design of cigarettes. Through proper topping and sucker control the tobacco nicotine content can be controlled. To reduce levels of nicotine, topping should not be too deep. Further, harvest should be done in stages, according to the maturity level of the leaves. Nicotine content of bottom leaves was lower compared to upper leaves. While in post-harvest technology, namely at the level of Tobacco Industry (IHT), decreased levels of nicotine can be done using certain types of tobacco on the blending process in order to obtain a mixture of nicotine content of tobacco which meets the requirement. For those big IHT greater reduction in levels of nicotine can be done through the engineering cigarette design. Keywords: Nicotiana tabaccum, a decrease of nicotine, topping, harvesting, blending, cigarette design.
Penerapan Standar Mutu Tembakau di Indonesia SAMSURI TIRTOSASTRO
Perspektif Vol 3, No 1 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v3n1.2004.24-34

Abstract

Untuk memperbaiki sistem perdagangan tembakau, pemerintah telah membuat standar mutu tembakau bersama pihak terkait, khususnya petani sebagai produsen dan industi rokok sebagai konsumen. Standar mutu yang disusun secara kesepakatan (voluntary) tersebut selanjutnya ditetapkan oleh Badan Standardisasi Nasional dalam bentuk Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia (SNI) dan diharapkan menjadi ketenruan yang mengikat (mandatory) dalam sisem perdagangan tembakau di Indonesia. Namun demikian usaha standardisasi tersebut belum berhasil baik dan perdagangan tembakau masih menggunakan cara lama, yaitu penentuan mutu dan harga secara subyekif oleh konsumen. Penyebab belum berhasilnya penerapan standar mutu tersebut karena standar mutu belum seluruhnya sesuai dengan selera konsumen dan juga maraknya pemalsuan mutu. Mutu tembakau hendaknya dibagi dalam kelas, tipe, grade, grup, warna dan mutu. Agar pembagian inci ini dapat terlaksana, komoditas tembakau harus distandardisasi cara penanaman, panen, pengolahan, sortasi, pembungkusan atau pengebalannya. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut diperlukan pembinaan petani tembakau dalam hal teknik budidaya dan pengolahan yang sesuai untuk menghasilkan mutu sesuai selera konsumen. Sistem pembinaan petani melalui kemitraan antara petani dan perusahaan tembakau sebagai pengelola merupakan langkah paling baik. Perusahaan hendaknya dapat merakit teknologi yang sesuai, mengantar kepada petani, mengawal teknologi tersebut dan menyediakan pasar serta membantu menyediakan sarana produksi dan mengusahakan pinjaman modal jika diperlukan.Kata Kunci Tembakau, Nicotiana tabacum, standar mutu, unsur mutu, kemitraan petani perusahaan, peran pemerintah. ABSTRACT Application of standard tobacco quality in IndonesiaFor improving the tobacco markeing system, the government has tried to introduce quality standard of tobacco commodities. The government made the tobacco qualiy standard together with all quarters that have the relation to tobacco commodity, especially farmers as tobacco producers and cigarette factoies as tobacco consumers. The quality standard that was set up by agreement (voluntary) further was determined by the Badan Standardisasi Nasional to become Indonesian Naional Standard (Standar Nasional Indonesia) format. This standard is expeced to become the hold regulaion (mandatory) for tobacco markeing sysem in Indonesia. Nevertheless, this standarizaion effort has not given good result yet. Unil now the tobacco markeing system sill use the old tradiional method, i.e. the quality and pice are set by the subjecivity of the consumers. The reasons why the tobacco quality standard applicaion has not a succeded yet, because the quality standard has not accommodaed all of the consumer expectaion, and the tobacco standard has not had the details of classificaion and there were also the large of the tobacco quality adulteraion. The tobacco quality is better to be classified as class, type, grade, group, colour and quality. In order that the details of classificaion can be caried out, the tobacco commodity should be standardized in its preparation since cultivaion, harvesing, curing, soring, and packaging. To reach this purpose, it needs guidance for farmers, especially technical-cultivation, harvesting, curing, grading, packaging and also marketing system. The objecive of the guidance was to produce tobacco quality suitable with the consumers needs. Collaboraion in in form of partnership between farmers and consumers is very important to me this program successfull. The consumers provide suitable technology, give the technology to the farmers, escorting the technology in its applicaion, credit investment and prepare the tobacco market.Key Words : Tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, quality standard, quality factor, partnership collaboraion, government role
POTENTIAL OF SUPERIOR VARIETY KEMIRI SUNAN AS RESOURCES FOR BIODIESEL MATERIAL . SYAFARUDDIN; AGUS WAHYUDI
Perspektif Vol 11, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v11n1.2012.%p

Abstract

Biodiesel needs to be developed seriously as an alternative energy due to decrease in fossil fuel resource. Biodiesel had been planned by OPEC to be one of energy supply resource. Kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) is one of potential crops for the biodiesel purpose. Besides containing high oil, it also has specific characteristics such as fast growing and vigority, wide range of elevation (from low to high lands), high productivity, and good for conservation crop. The first step had been done to save the potential genetic material of kemiri sunan by variety registry to Center for Plant Variety Protection dated 25 May 2009. Based on observation in two populations (Majalengka and Garut), rendemen of kernel oil of Jumat population (Kemiri Sunan 2 Variety), about 47.21-56.00% was better than Cinunuk and Banyuresmi populations (Kemiri Sunan 1 Variety), about 40.00-43.11% and 38.10-42.00%, respectively. In general, Kemiri Sunan 2 variety was good in performance, characteristics, and quality. Results of DNA analyses using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and 16 primers in Majalengka and Garut regions showed narrow variations of kemiri sunan accession. It was indicated by one group containing seven samples (Cinunuk, Cidadap, Cicalung, Waru, Kemiri Sunan 2 Variety, Babakan, and Widara) with the similarity level of 100%, while Bodas one with >90%. Other results showed that Kemiri Sunan 1 variety had wide variation and was separated far away from the other 8 samples with the similarity level of 65%. This phenomenon was interesting to be studied according to the possibility of this individual to have better genetic characteristic possibly useful as genetic material for breeding program. Conventional breeding will be success if hybridization among individual having wide genetic variation to obtain progeny with the wide variation as well. The new released variety of kemiri sunan can be used as a new alternative of biodiesel resource.  In addition, it is possible to gain added values by the utilization of existing germplasm resources.Key words: Reutealis trisperma (Blanco), high yielding varieties, alternative energy sources.
PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) SEBAGAI TANAMAN OBAT /The Development of Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) Cultivation as A Medicinal Crops Devi Rusmin
Perspektif Vol 16, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v16n2.2017.80-93

Abstract

ABSTRAK Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman obat asli Indonesia yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Tanaman spesifik di dataran tinggi Dieng (ketinggian ≥2.000 m dpl) ini tergolong langka karena umumnya tidak dibudidayakan. Pengembangan tanaman di daerah yang mempunyai kondisi lingkungan yang hampir sama dengan habitat asli seperti di Gunung Putri, Cipanas (1.450 m dpl) merupakan salah satu usaha untuk mencegah tanaman dari kepunahan. Keterbatasan bahan tanaman bermutu dan penerapan teknologi budidaya yang belum optimal menjadi kendala dalam pengembangan tanaman purwoceng. Benih purwoceng yang baru dipanen pada saat masak fisiologis (7 – 8 minggu setelah antesis) mempunyai daya berkecambah sangat rendah (<20%), karena adanya dormansi afterripening. Peningkatan viabilitas potensial (daya berkecambah) dapat dilakukan dengan perendaman benih dalam larutan GA3 400 ppm selama 48 jam, pemanasan pada suhu 50˚C selama 48 jam, dan perendaman dengan KNO3 0,2% selama 24 jam. Produksi simplisia purwoceng lebih tinggi di lingkungan tumbuh asli (Dieng) dibandingkan dengan di Gunung Putri yaitu masing-masing seberat 154 kg dan 58,75 g per 10 tanaman pada umur 9 bulan setelah tanam (BST). Peningkatan produksi dan kandungan bahan aktif dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pupuk lengkap yaitu 40 ton pupuk kandang ditambah 400 kg Urea, 200 kg SP36 dan 300 kg KCl, pupuk organik, mikoriza dan zat pengatur tumbuh. Analisis usahatani purwoceng menunjukkan bahwa dengan luasan lahan 1.000 m2 sangat fisibel dan menguntungkan. Penerapan teknologi budidaya sederhana untuk luasan 1.000 m2 menghasilkan pendapatan bersih sebesar Rp. 34.000.000.  ABSTRACT Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is one of the indigenous medicinal crops from Indonesia. The plant which is endemic in Dieng plateau (2000 m above sea level/asl), has not been cultivated properly, hence its existence is endangered. The plant development at Gunung Putri, Cipanas (1500 m asl), which is resemble to its native habitat, is one of the efforts to prevent plant extinction.  The main constraints of pruatjan cultivation are the limited qualified plant material and improper cultivation technology. Pruatjan seeds newly harvested at physiological maturity (7- 8 weeks after anthesis) have very low germination percentage (<20%), due to the afterripening dormancy. The potential viability (germination rate) can be improved by soaking the seeds in 400 ppm GA3 solution for 48 hours, heating at 50˚C for 48 hours, and soaking in 0,2% KNO3solution for 24 hours. The yield of pruatjan at 9 months after planting (MAP) was higher in its native habitat (Dieng) (154 kg per 10 plants) than at Gunung Putri (58,75 g per 10 plants). The yield and the content of its active ingredient can be increased by applying 40 tons manure combined with400 kg Urea, 200 kg SP36, 300 kg KCl, organic fertilizers, mycorhiza and plant growth regulators. The analysis farming system of pruatjan at 1.000 m2 indicated high feasibility and profitable. The application of simple cultivation technologies at the areal of 1.000 m2gave net income Rp. 34.000.000.  
Silicon (Si): Beneficial Element for Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) . DJAJADI
Perspektif Vol 12, No 1 (2013): Juni 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v12n1.2013.%p

Abstract

Silicon (Si) is one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust, but it is mostly inert and only slightly soluble and available to plants. Source of Si in the earth are minerals and biogenic pools.  Sugarcane is known to absorb more Si than any othermineral nutrient, with the potential to accumulate up to 400 kg/ha of Si during 12-month growth period.  Due to sugarcane is planted more than one season in the same soil (ratoon system cropping), it might cause the soil has low content of Si. Significant effect of silicon treatment on both cane and sugar yields, have been reported in several countries including Hawaii, Mauritius, South Africa, Puerto Rico, Florida and Australia. In America, addition of Si fertilizer increased cane yield and sugar yield 36% and 50% respectively. However, in Indonesia Si fertilizer application on sugarcane land is still scare. In Indonesia, research is required with focus on identification of Si soil status to determine strategy of Si fertilizing in efforts to increase yield and maintain the sustainability of sugarcane cropping.Key words: Saccharum officinarum L, Si, yield, biotic, abiotic
PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING PRODUKSI LADA INDONESIA MELALUI ADOPSI INOVASI Agus Wahyudi, MS; Ekwasita Rini Pribadi
Perspektif Vol 15, No 2 (2016): Desember, 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v15n2.2016.134-145

Abstract

In the last five years the price of pepper world was increasing rapidly, in 2010 the export price of black pepper and white pepper Indonesia respectively were FOB US $ 3,677 and FOB US $ 5,662 be FOB US $ 8,975 and FOB US $ 12,362 per metric ton in the year 2014. Nevertheless, Indonesian pepper production has declined, namely 59,000 tonnes in 2010 to 52,000 tons in 2014. This reflects the constraints that limit the development of pepper production in Indonesia. Indonesian pepper internally has a competitive advantage in the factor of natural resources and the availability of human resources, but there are weakness in the quality of the labour, especially in the application and knowledge of cultivation technology and the use of superior seeds. To improve the competitiveness of Indonesian pepper, it is necessary to improve the quality and quantity of production by increasing productivity through improvement methods of cultivation that is environmentally friendly, use of certified seeds and high quality input grade, primary product processing that refers to the quality standards, accompanied by the introduction of institutional innovation and technical cultivation with the active role of farmer groups. Due to the successful adoption of the technology depends on knowledge of the perpetrators of farming technologies that will be developed.
STRATEGI PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN MENGHADAPI DINAMIKA PERKEMBANGAN LADA DUNIA / Research and Development Strategy to Face World Dynamics of Development of Pepper Rosihan Rosman
Perspektif Vol 15, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v15n1.2016.11-17

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the world’s main - pepper producers. Now days, Indonesian pepper experienced a fairly strong competition from other countries. Problem arising to day is low productivity and quality. Productivity of Indonesia pepper below 1000 kg/ha, whereas other countries have more than 2000 kg/ha. Low quality due to processing methods are still tradisional. Low productivity because many older plants, damaged, pests, and diseases, and lack of maintenance. To face the dynamic development of the world pepper, needed efforts to increase production, productivity and quality, so that Indonesia can improve the competitiveness in the international market. Increasing of production and quality can do the improvement of cultivation technology and post harvest. As for the necessary policy are (1) establish of research and development programs of a more site-specific and based on agro-ecological conditions, especially physical, chemical and biological characterization of soil and climate of development region, and (2) socialization result of the research and inform pepper dynamic development in the field.
Potency of Sago Palm (Metroxylon spp.) as an Alternative for Raw Material of Biofuel M. SYAKIR; ELNA KARMAWATI
Perspektif Vol 12, No 2 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v12n2.2013.%p

Abstract

Indonesia is a country having the largest area of sago in the world. Sago is plant producing carbohydrate used as raw material of ethanol, therefore it has the largest potency to produce bio-ethanol as fossil fuel substitution. In the past, development of sago plantation was still in a forest, with 95% area located in the East of Indonesia as the rest is in the West. The productivity is varies depends on age and location with tha average of 90 to 700 kg per stem. If the productivity is 100 kg per stem with the population of 30 stems per ha, the total sago starch in Indoensia will be 6,84 millions ton per year. The constrains in development are plant material and cultivation technology, therefore their research and dissemination need to be increased. Beside to produce bioethanol, sago forest can absorb CO2 emission from tidal swamp, therefore Indonesia can earn carbon-trade compensation.   Keywords : Sago, potency, bioethanol, CO2 emission, superior varieties.
STRATEGI STABILISASI KINERJA PASAR CENGKEH NASIONAL / Stabilitation Strategy of National Clove Market Performance Agus Wahyudi
Perspektif Vol 15, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v15n1.2016.73-85

Abstract

Clove (Syzigium aromaticum L. Marr. and Perr.) is one of the main raw materials in the kretek cigarette industry. The development of the clove market performance experienced ups and downs in the last four decades. The demand for clove almost consistently grew, while the production fluctuate in the short term and tends to increased in the last ten years. This review is aimed to analyze the market performance stabilization strategy through the development of national program and supply management policies. The analytical framework used in developing the strategy are (1) the analysis of the situation, (2) analysis of strategies for achieving the desired situation, and (3) analysis of the policies needed to accelerate the realization of the situation. Clove market situation that occurs at this time shows nearly balanced, in which the demand for cigarette industry can almost be met from national production in the long term. Therefore, the strategies are to encourage national production by pushing plant productivity through intensification and rehabilitation of existing plants. Area extention will naturally happen if the situation of balance between demand and supply maintainedin the long term. Price fluctuations that occur because of their short-term fluctuations in the production of each year handled through supply chain management. Therefore technical policy, institutional and financial required to facilitate the access of farmers to acquire bank financing such schemes to harvest and post-harvest financing and implementation of warehouse receipt system to provide alternatives to farmers when the price fall.
Inventarisasi Hama dan Penyakit Penting Pada Tanaman Kelapa LULUK SUTJI MARHAENI
Perspektif Vol 7, No 2 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v7n2.2008.112-117

Abstract

Hama dan penyakit (OPT) merupakan salah satu faktor penghambat dalam peningkatan produksi kelapa bahkan berbagai OPT dapat menimbulkan kerugian yang cukup besar antara lain Oryctes rhinoceros; Sexava sp., Artona catoxantha, Bronstispa longissima sedangkan penyakit yang sangat merugikan adalah penyakit busuk pucuk (PBP), penyakit gugur buak (PGB) yang disebabkan Phytophthora sp dan penyakit layu kelapa (PLK) serta penyakit layu natuna. Beberapa OPT telah luas penyebaran hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, namun ada juga penyebaran hanya di daerah tertentu seperti Sexava dan penyakit layu natuna, oleh karena itu inventarisasi OPT kelapa dapat memberikan gambaran tentang penyebarannya sehingga dapat mengantisipasi bagi wilayah tertentu yang rentan terhadap OPT tersebut sehingga dapat mengambil tindakan prefentif untuk mencegah keluar masuknya bahan tanaman atau media lainnya yang berpotensi menyebarkan OPT ke daerah yang baru.Kata kunci: Kelapa, hama, penyakit, inventarisasi ABSTRACTInventarization of important pest and diseases on coconut treePest and disease ( OPT) is known as a limiting factor in increase coconut production. Even though several pest and diseases like: Oryctes rhinoceros, Sexava sp., Artona catoxantha, Brostispa longissima participate in a large scale in destroy coconut palm. In term of disease several names recognized attack the coconut because of phytophthora sp and unknown disease by mycoplasm. Several pest and diseases have been widely spreading throughout The country, but another only in certain region like Sexava and natuna disease. It is suggested for inventarization programmed to know the spreading of pest and diseases throughout. The country base an level of incident. Preventive curements for crops material should be determine an priority number one especially from abroad.Key word: Cocos nucivera, pest, disease, inventarization.

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