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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Ketahanan Mortar Di Lingkungan Asam Dengan Berbagai Tipe Semen Hutapea, Uliarta; Olivia, Monita; Sitompul, Iskandar Romey
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

This research study the compressive strength, porosity, weight changes, visual inspection and acidic penetration of mortar OPC cement, mortar PCC cement, and mortar with made by combine of OPC+10% Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA). The object test submerge in aquadest, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with pH 4-5, and peat water. This research result show that the compressive strength increased along with increasing of mortar OPC, mortar PCC and mortar with made by combine of OPC+10% Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) lifes which submerged in aquadest. The compressive strength more decreased, however in mortar PCC cement and mortar with made by combine of OPC+10% POFA have increasing. The porosity test, mortar with made by combine of OPC+10% POFA showed bigger value than mortar OPC and PCC cement. Weigh changes occur with mortar PCC cement when submerged in sulfuric acid and peat water inclined decrease.The mortar PCC cement weight inclined constant. The mortar with made by combine of OPC+10% POFA showed some decreasing but inclined constant. Visual inspection of mortar change become yellow colored when it submerged in peat water. Acid penetration which used phenolphthalein solution showed that mortar OPC cement at 91st day life had onrush by acid effect submerged in sulfuric acid and peat water while the mortar PCC cement and mortar with made by combine of POFA showed more constant condition.   Keyword: OPC, PCC, palm oil fuel ash (POFA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), peat water,  aquadest, compressive strength, porosity, weight changes, visual inspection and acidic penetration
Kemampuan Constructed Wetland Jenis Aliran Bawah Permukaan (SSF - Wetland) Dalam Mengolah Air Limbah Kawasan Komersial Oni Loretha; Lita Darmayanti; Yohanna Lilis Handayani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Wastewater of commercial areas such as hotels, shops, restaurants, offices, and shopping centers relatively contain high pollutant concentrations, they caused the imbalance of drainage ecological quality, health problems, and the water pollution itself. The effective technology in treating waste wateris The Sub Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (SSF-Wetland) that maximize either the impact or the potentcy of the plants in treating waste waterin the physical, chemical and biological wayby using plants/vegetation, water and microorganisms to reduce the level of pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and the level of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) contained in waste water by slowly flowing them through the inlet hole to the surface covered by the living plants. The experimental result shows by using bamboo water plant (Equisetum hyemale) in artificial wetland system, the content of pollutants in wastewater can be eliminated. The highest average value of COD reduction efficiency is 61.9 %, 92.6 % of TSS and the decreasing of pH reaches 29.4%. The advantage of wastewater treatment using this system enables us to produce the appropriate water quality of the domestic wastewater based on the quality standards.  Keywords:Equisetum hyemale, SSF-Wetland, wastewater
Analisis Faktor Muat Trans Metro Pekanbaru Koridor Perum Pandau Permai - Pelita Pantai Rizki Firmanda; Yosi Alwinda
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Trans Metro Pekanbaru (TMP) is a kind of ‘bus rapid transit’ in Pekanbaru. TMP has been operating since 2009 and there are many obstacles during the operation.  As time passes, the changes in the quantity of the passenger, quality of service and operation may possibly happen. Therefore, this research is conducted to determine the effectiveness of Trans Metro Pekanbaru (TMP), especially on Perum Pandau Permai – Pelita Pantai corridor with load factor as an indicator.  Bus TMP survey conducted by the method of observation and questionnaire. Observations adapted to the SK Dirjend Perhubungan Darat No. 687 at 2002. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using Stated Preference Techniques. The survey observations were made in the TMP Buses that operate on the corridor I the number of surveyors is 11 people. While the questionnaire survey conducted by the two surveyors with the deployment of a random sample.  The obtained results of this research are the route characteristic of Trans Metro Pekanbaru corridor I is adequately effective based on the number of passengers, due to the load factor in this corridor is partially meet the load factor standard of SK Dirjen No. 687 at 2002 (70%) so it is fair optimal in serving the passenger movement. Based on the analysis, the value of load factor in corridor I have more than 70% in the afternoon, either on holiday or working days which obtained between Pelita Pantai towards Perum Pandau Permai route from BNI to Mekar Sari stations. From the results of statistical tests that have been carried out in this study, obtained the equation Y=7,932 – 0,045X1 – 0,031X2 + 0,000X3 + 0,015X4 for model selection with Trans Metro Pekanbaru attributes considered is the the waiting time (X1), speed (X2), rate (X3), and the comfort of the vehicle (X4).  Key words: Bus Rapid Transit, Trans Metro Pekanbaru, Load Factor
Penentuan Konsentrasi Dan Volume Demulsifier Pada Proses Pengolahan Minyak Di CGS - 1 Pt. Chevron Pacific Indonesia Duri,Riau Pasaribu, Ade Susanto; Fadli, Ahmad; Akbar, Fajril
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
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Abstract

Central Gathering Station (CGS - 1), a facility to process fluid that is pumped from the production wells in duri city. Fluid flowing into the CGS - 1 will be separated into water, oil and solids, then the fluid is heated using a heat exchanger so that the separation between oil and water is better, but the heat is not enough for separation because of the persistence of the emulsion. For that use a chemical called demulsifier that serves to solve the water in oil emulsion so that the quality of oil in accordance with its terms. Emulsion enormous influence in lowering the quality of the oil  .Proper demulsifier concentration and sampling were both very helpful to reach the expected quality of the oil . The study was conducted to determine the concentration and volume of demulsifier on oil processing in CGS-1 with demulsifier reinjection method with variations of volume 1,0 ml to 5,5 ml and the variation of concentration of 50% to 100%, with samples taken from the incoming fluid CGS-1 with Basic Sediment and water cut 92% . After the sample was separated obtained 20% of water cut, then conducted research with injecting demulsifier with some variation of the above and the most optimal results obtained by the injection of 5,0 ml with a concentration of 70% water cut can lose up to 0.9%  Keywords: emulsion, injection, demulsifier, water cut
Pengaruh Waktu Dan Suhu Reaksi Grafting Pada Proses Pembuatan Maleated Natural Rubber Ade Putra; Yelmida Yelmida; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Natural rubber can be modified through the grafting process. of maleic anhydride (MAH). Maleic anhydrade has been grafted into natural rubber to make a compound called Maleated Natural Rubber (MNR). The aiming in this research is learning of the reaction time effect and the temperature of natural rubber grafting process. Furthermore,kinetics reaction of the grafting process has to be learned. Independent variables are 8 phr of MAH and 60 rpm rotor speed of internal mixer. Dependent variables are reaction temperature and reaction time, which are variated by 150oC, 155oC, 160oC, and 165 of reaction temperature, and 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 minutes of reaction time. The degree of grafting was determined by titrimetric method, meanwhile kinetics reaction is learned by assumption of pseudo - first order to get the value of the constant rate of reaction (k). The results showed the optimum temperature is 160oC  and reaction time is 12 minutes. Best conditions of the kinetics reaction has been obtained at reaction temperature 155o and 165oC, which produced constant rate of reaction is 0.004 min - 1, activation energy is 6107 cal / mo , hereby  the Arrhenius equation : k = 4,65 e-6071/RT  Keywords: grafting degree, maleic anhydric, maleated natural rubber, temperature, Arrhenius equation.
Variasi Ukuran Partikel Sorgum Pada Konversi Pati Sorgum Menjadi Bioetanol Dengan Proses Sakarifikasi Dan Fermentasi Serentak David Hamonangan; Chairul Chairul; Irdoni HS
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Sorghum is a resource of grain yield 55-75% starch  composition similar to corn, which is potentially as raw material for production of bioethanol. Research based sorghum bioethanol manufacture carried out using enzymes stargenTM 002 and starch raw materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of substrate and the best time of fermentation to produce bioethanol. The research method consists of hydrolysis and saccharification processes are aided by enzymes stargenTM 002 followed by a fermentation process using yeast  Saccharomyces cereviceae, ferment at room temperature, pH 4.5, enzymes stargenTM 002 concentration 2.5% and evaporated at a temperature 1000C. substrate concentration used was 40 g/, variable particle size used was 20-40 mesh, 40-60 mesh and 60-80 mesh and time of fermentation pada 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66 and 72  hours. The result indicate that the particle size at 60-80 mesh and the optimum time is 48 hours can produce the highest bioethanol concentration of 1.04% (v/v). Keyword: Bioethanol, Enzymes StargenTM 002, Fermentation, Sorghum, Substract Concentrations.
Konversi Kayu Ketapang (Terminalia Catappa. L) Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Metode Pirolisis Dengan Katalis Co-Mo/NZA Rizky, Muhammad; Bahri, Syaiful; Yusnimar, Yusnimar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
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The demand of fossil fuel  is increasing each year. On the other hand,  the availability of conventional petroleum fuels diminishing due to its non-renewable. Therefore, it is necessary to develop  a  new alternative  fuel  that can be renewed,  one of the solution  is the  processing of biomass into bio-oil. Bio-oil is a result of the pyrolysis of biomass. Availability of Ketapang rod is converted  into bio-oil by pyrolysis method using catalysts natural zeolite. The purpose of this study was  to  determine the performance of  the catalyst  to  produce bio-oil,  characterize  the density, viscosity, acid number, and flash point of bio-oil  that produced, as well as analyze  the chemical components  of bio-oil  by GC-MS method.  Pyrolysis of  Ketapang rod  catalyst  from natural zeolite  in the reactor  slurry  do  by feeding 50 grams with the size    -100 +200 mesh, silinap 500 ml, stirring speed is set to 300 rpm, 320oC temperature, and the process runs for 120 minutes. The results showed that the optimum yield obtained  on 2.5% catalyst, amounting to 77%. The test results obtained by the physical properties of density 0.875 g/ml, 9.56  cSt viscosity, acid number of 49,89 gr NaOH/gr sample. Keywords: Bio-oil, pyrolysis, Ketapang rod, natural zeolite, alternative fuels
Pengaruh Waktu Inokulasi Inokulum Dalam Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Limbah Srabut Buah Sawit Menggunakan Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Firmanto, Firmanto; Ahmad, Adrianto; Muria, Sri Rezeki
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
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Abstract

Bioethanol is produced with raw materials containing starch plant or carbohydrates (rice,  maize, tubers, etc.) and cellulosic materials (wood, agricultural waste), conducted through the conversion of carbohydrates into sugar (glucose) with the fermentation process by microorganisms. Bioethanol can be made as solvents, perfume ingredients, flavourings, food dyes and medications, even can be made as alternative fuels. Bioethanol production is done by the hidrolysis and fermentation or frequently called to SHF process (Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation). Cellulose and hemiscellulose  to be used is sourced from palm fiber waste. The goal of this study is to obtain the effect of time of inoculation inoculum and also get the optimum concentration of  bioethanol in the manufacture of bioethanol from palm fruits fiber waste. Stages of the purification process starts from pretreatment, delignification with ash extract TKS and purification with hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). After the purification process, the next stage is hidrolysis process with sulfur acid (H2SO4  2M). Hidrolysis was done at a temperature of 100 oC and a reaction time about 3 hours to get the initial glucose. The effect of inoculum time to be done in this study by the variaion of time 24, 48, 60 and 72 hours. Number of cells for the inoculum  will be analyzed with spectrophotometer by observing optical density (OD). Fermentation process will take place during 4,5 days (108 hours) by the variation of time 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 108 hours with the help of  Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The result showed that the best time of inoculum occurred at 60 hours with OD 0,882 with time of  fermentation at 96 hours which got the concentration of bioethanol 6 v/v (47,34 gr/L). Keywords: bioethanol, fermentation, hidrolysis, inoculum, palm fiber, Saccharomyces  cerevisiae
Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Nira Nipah Dengan Penambahan Tween 80 Dan Ergosterol Pada Proses Fermentasi Menggunakan Sacharomyces Cereviceae Mohammad Rezky; Chairul Chairul; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
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Abstract

Nypah  sap is one of potential materials  it’s  processed into bioethanol. Availability of nypah palm land in Indonesia and a fairly high sugar content (15-20%) makes nipa sap has the potential  it’s processed into bioethanol. Ergosterol is an essetial component of yeast cells that maintains the integrity of the membrane. It’s  invetigated as an important factor the ethanol tolerance of yeast cells. Ethanol and hypoxia were found to have negative and synergistic effects on the total ergosterol contents of both strains and  it’s  significantly reduce the free ergosterol. Effect of a surfactant Tween 80 on the bacterial for growth, increase the glucose consumption rate at the later stage of the fermentation, maintain the intact structure of  yeast S. Cereviceae.  Preparation  started  by the  yeast S. Cereviceae inoculum in the 10% of fermentation medium so that yeast an  able to  adapt and ready for fermentation.  Fermentation  place  taked in batches with  volume of 2  liters  of fermentation medium, variations in the tween 80 and ergosterol and variations of fermentation at time 24, 36, 48, 60 dan 72 hours and then concentration of yeast 4 g/l. The stirring speed in 200 rpm and  temperature of fermentation at room temperature (25-300 C)it’s  selected conditions. Bioethanol concentrations has been analyzed by used  gas kromatografi. The process of fermentation optimum conditions indicated in the addition of tween 80 10 ml and ergosterol 1 gram    at the time of 72  hours having the initial sugar concentration of 161,81  mg/ml. concentration Bioethanol obtained in this condition at 20,47% (v/v). Keywords: Ergosterol, Nipa sap, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Tween 80.
Studi Lubricant Properties (Density) Dengan Penambahan Calcium Hypochlorite Rochman Saefudin; Nazaruddin Nazaruddin; Dedy Masnur
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
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Abstract

The need of unrenewable source synthetic lubricating oil is increasing thus many researchs have been conducted to find the substitute. Palm oil is one of alternatives, however  direct use of palm oil as a lubricant remain cause problems namely high density of  palm oil leads to imperfect lubrication. It is necessary to find the correct additif which is able to improve the lubricant properties. This research evaluate the addition of calcium hypochlorite to density of Palm Oil. The samples were prepared in 250 ml  volume in three volume ratios which are (90:10), (85:15), and (80:20). The mixing process is conducted at 100 rpm and heated 120°C in 2 hours.The density test resultshows that calcium hypochlorite decreases the density of palm oil as follows 901 kg/m3 for 90:10,898 kg/m3for 80:15, and 897 kg/m3for 80:20. Keywords: Lubricants, Palm Oil, Calcium Hypochlorite, Density

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