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INDONESIA
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Pemurnian Bioetanol Hasil Fermentasi Nira Nipah Dengan Proses Distilasi-Adsorpsi Menggunakan Bentonit Teraktivas Tafrikhatul Walidah; Chairul Chairul; Amun Amri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Indonesia has petroleum reserves about 9 billion barrels, which the average production rate is 0.5 billion barrels per year, and was predicted would be exhaust within 18 years. Government has ordered a program and policy to develop bioethanol and biodiesel for the energy crisis in Indonesia. It is targeted can be provide about 15-20% of the fuel for transportation and national industry in 2025. This research’s goals were to produce fuel grade ethanol by distillation-adsorption method, determined the effect of activation temperature of bentonite and the effect ratio of bentonite to bioethanol. The raw materials were bioethanol from nypa sap (8% ethanol content). The ethanol concentration was not too high, so it needed to improve its purity by distillation-adsorption process. The research was held in three phases, which were distillation of nypa sap’s bioethanol to 96% ethanol content, activation of bentonite, and distillation-adsorption using activated bentonite. Activation temperature of bentonite were 400oC, 500oC and the ratio of bentonite:bioethanol were 1:2; 1:3; and 1:4. The most effective process for the purification of bioethanol was distillation-adsorption at 500oC activated temperature and the ratio of bentonite:bioethanol was 1:2 with the purity is 99.5% and has been categorized as a fuel grade ethanolKeywords: bentonite, bioethanol, distillation-adsorption, fuel grade bioethanol, nypa sap
Penyerapan Logam Fe Dengan Menggunakan Karbon Aktif Dari AmpasTebu Yang Diaktifasi Dengan KOH Roni Roni; Drastinawati Drastinawati; Chairul Chairul
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Bagasse is one of the agricultural or industrial waste that has potential for an adsorbent. Adsorbents produced from bagasse is processed by the pyrolys process. This study aimed to examine the effect of activated carbon absorption of ferrous metals with concentrations variations of KOH and adsorptiontime, and to study the characteristics of the activated carbon produced, among others, ash content and moisture content. This research was conducted in three phases, namely the preparation of raw materials, the manufacture of activated carbon, and the absorption of Fe in FeSO4 solution. Variations in the concentration of KOH used in this study were 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. As for the time variation adsorbs used were 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Percent absorption is the best obtained when the concentration of 15% KOH and adsorbs time of 90 minutes is equal to47%.Keywords: adsorbent, adsorption time, bagasse, KOH concentration.
Pirolisis Kulit Kayu Pinus (Pinus Mercusil) Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis Ni/Lempung Laila Kusmiati; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Abstract

Requirement for the source of energy which increasing and petroleum reserve as source of primary energy which continuing attenuate to become the main reason for the importance ofsearching for alternative energy sources instead of petroleum. Biomass specially pine bark only considered as waste that pollutes the environment, whereas the pine bark is biomass that can be processed to become alternative energy that is bio-oil. Bio-oil can be produced through pyrolisis process using catalyst Ni/clay. This research aim to study the effect of the ratio of amount of catalyst to biomass which variation to 3%, 5% and 7% b/b and also the effect of Ni metal consentrate on clay equal to 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% w /w of the yield bio-oil produced. In thisresearch, pine bark biomass as much 50 grams with size of --60+80 mesh, silinap 500 ml, and catalyst Ni/clay entered into pyrolisis reactor. Process of pyrolisis is conducted at temperature320 oC and stirring speed of 300 rpm during 120 minute with stream of nitrogen gas (N2) as inert gas. The result obtained indicate that optimum yield obtained at 2% catalyst Ni/clay asmuch as 7% of biomass that is equal to 61,03%. Physical properties test result obtained that is density (0,856 gr/ml), viscosity (9,306 cSt), acidity number (24,986 mg of NaOH/gr of sample) and flash point (54 oC). Result of chemical analysis with GC-MS, obtained the dominant chemical components in bio-oil are 2-Pentene 22,31%, Pentane 13,46%, 1-propene 7,55%, 2- Hexene 7,35 and 1-Pentene 5,95%.Keywords: Biomass, Bio-oil, Catalyst Ni/Clay, Pine Bark, Pyrolysis
Penurunan Timbal (Pb) Air Laut Pulau Bengkalis Menggunakan Tanah Lempung Dengan Metode Penukar Ion Pada Variasi Tinggi Unggun Dan Debit Aliran Romadona, Syahri; Elystia, Shinta; Yelmida, Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Abstract

The lack of clean water Sources in the regency of Bengkalis create communities that are the island's shortage of clean water. Moreover, during the dry season, services of PDAM Bengkalis was only able to supply about 10% of the number of existing communities. While Bengkalis island has abundant sea water availability. The purpose of research is to reduce the concentrations of Pb and pH as on the parameter using the method of ion exchange support using column height 1.2 m in diameter 2 inches of clays as well as Kulim size -10+15 mesh that has been on activation by using the HCI. A variation was used in this study is bed hight of 40 cm, 80 cm and 120 cm with discharge flow 80 ml/min, 100 ml/min, and 120 ml/min. Results of the analysis of effluents obtained efficiency for metal Pb is in the range of 41,44% - 89,35%. Metal concentrations of pb with the best reduction of 0,024 mg/L at bed hight variation 80 cm with discharge flow 80 ml/min and the pH from 8,5 to be 7,3. These concentrations already meets the quality of the raw water supply based on PERMENKES416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) values obtained at the best efficiency of 78.6 Meq/100 gr with most types of minerals contained in the clay Kulim is a montmorilonit.Keywords: Bed Hight, Clay, Discharge Flow , Ion Exchange, Sea Water Bengkalis
Metode Multiv Soil Layering Dalam Penyisihan Parameter TSS Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit Dengan Variasi Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) Dan Material Organik Pada Lapisan Anaerob Rahmadani Mutia; Shinta Elystia; Elvi Yenie
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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This study uses Multi Soil Layering (MSL) to cultivate oil palm liquid waste. The purpose of the research was to determine the efficiency of contaminant parameter Total Suspended Solid (TSS) allowance, study of the influence factors of variation of organic material in the mix on a layer of soil anaerobic and variation of Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) of the efficiency of the liquid waste processing with MSL, and compare research results with Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 51 in 1995. In this study used two reactors measuring 30 cm x 26 cm x 35 cm, consisting of aerobic and anaerobic layer. Aerobic layer on both the same reactor, namely the gravel and perlit measuring 3-5 mm, while the second reactor anaerobic layer is distinguished, where the soil is a mixture of 1 reactors with active charcoal coconut shell and on reactor 2 is a mixture of ground with active charcoal banana peels by a ratio of 2: 1. Liquid waste oil palm streamed with the variation of Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) of 500 L/m2 day, 750 L/m2 day, 1000 L/m2 day at each reactor. TSS concentration before processing by the method of MSL is 890 mg/L, and, after processing concentration TSS is down to 100-240 mg/L. Variation of organic material gives the effect on the efficiency of the allowance which the TSS on charcoal activated coconut shell that has larger pores can do more MSL maximum mechanism. Variation of Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) also exert influence, where the smaller the HLR is given then the efficiency will be high. Efficiency of TSS removal are 79,77-88,76% in reactor 1 and 73,03-79,77% in reactor 2.Keywords: Efficiency, Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR), Multi Soil Layering (MSL), Palm Liquid Waste, Organic Material.
Pengaruh Laju Alir Umpan Terhadap pH, Alkalinitas Dan Asam Volatil Pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Dua Tahap Salis, Gita Aziza; Ahmad, Adrianto; Muria, Sri Rezeki
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Ratio of total volatile acid and alkalinity can represent the stability of bioreactor. Goal of this experiment is to determine the influence of feed flow rate to change of pH, alkalinityand volatile acid in two stage of anaerobic hybrid bioreactor, it also to knows the stability rate of bioreactor that used. Bioreactor that used in this experiment is a bioreactor thathave two pattern of microorganism growth there are suspended and cling phase with rock and palm oil shells as the immobilize media of microorganism cell. Active volume of bioreactor that used in this experiment is 10 liter with variating feed flow rate 1,4; 2; and 3,3 L/day for 2nd stage bioreactor with operation condition pH 6,8 – 7,2 in room temperature. Parameter that analyzed from this experiment is the ratio of volatile acid withalkalinity from bioreactor effluent. In 1st stage of bioreactor, feed flow rate that used is 5 L/day and the result found was average of pH in 6,7; average of alkalinity concentration is2220,8 mg/L and average of volatile acid concentration is 413,52 mg/L so that ratio of TAV/Alkalinity was 0,812. Results of this experiment shows that the highest stability of 2nd anaerobic hybrid bioreactor is 0,033 in smallest feed flow rate 1,4 L/day.Keywords : alkalinity; Hybrid anaerobic bioreactor; stability; Volatile acids
Pengaruh Laju Alir Umpan Terhadap pH, Alkalinitas Dan Asam Volatil Dalam Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Dua Tahap Pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Sagu Resarizki Utami; Adrianto Ahmad; Edward HS
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Abstract

In producing sago becomes sago flour be required 20,000 liters of water per ton of sago, where 94% of the water be liquid waste. If the liquid waste which has a high content of organic material is directly dumped into waters, it is very potentially pollute theenvironment. One of the liquid waste processing sago is using by hybrid anaerobic bioreactor two stages. Bioreactor performance is influenced by pH, alkalinity and volatile acid. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of flow rate feedback of pH, alkalinity and volatile acid in hybrid anaerobic bioreactor two stages and determine the stability of the bioreactor. This research was conducted by using hybrid anaerobic bioreactor two stages with stone as a medium for growth of microorganisms. The volume of work being used is equal to 10 liters in the first stage biorector and 20 liters in thesecond stage bioreactor with variated flow rate feedback in the second stage bioreactor, 2.86 liters/day, 4 liters/day and 6.67 liters/day. The results showed that the optimum of flow rate feedback obtained at 2.86 liters/day with an average pH of 6.8, alkalinity of 2341 mg/L, volatile acid of 38,67 mg/L and the stability of bioreactor of 0.0118.Keywords : Alkalinity; Anaerobic; Hybrid bioreactor; pH; Sago watewater; Two stages; Volatile acid
Metoda Multi Soil Layering Dalam Pengolahan Air Gambut Dengan Variasi Hydraulic Loading Rate Dan Material Organik Pada Lapisan Anaerob Tiara Adinda; Shinta Elystia; Edward HS
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Peat water has characteristics which are: maroon, content high organic matter and the iron also high enough, the taste is sour with pH 3-5, and low hardness (Idaman, 1999). Generally, people who live in areas such as Kabupaten Kampar are difficult to obtain clean water because only water from the river that exist which is peat water, so they use the rain water for daily needs, even though some of them use Mineral Water (Branded Water Gallon ) with the expensive price. During the dry season, people forced to use the peat water for daily needs such as cooking, washing, and toilet. If it is done continuously, it will cause disruption to health such as skin diseases, diarrhea, and others. In this research, an attempt has been made to peat water change into clean water using Multi-Soil-Layering method (MSL). The variable in this research is an organic material in an anaerobic layer which is an active banana peel charcoal and active coconut shell charcoal. This research aims to determine the efficiency of removal parameters pollutant, such as: pH, turbidity, and Mn on peat with MSL method, to study the influence of variation of organic material in the soil mixture in the anaerobic layers and variations of Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) to the efficiency water treatment peat with MSL method, and compare the results with PERMENKES No.416 of 1990 about Monitoring Terms and Water Quality and Regulation No. 82 of 2001 on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control. Optimal results which is obtained in the HLR 500l/m2days are pH from 6.51 to 6.82, Mn Metals, and turbidity decreased from 1.277mg/l, 44.56 NTU into 0.500mg/l, and 3.18NTU.Keywords:WaterPeat, MultiSoilLayering, Hydroulic Loading Rate, Variation Organic Material
Studi Timbulan Komposisi Dan Karakteristik Sampah Domestik Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru Jaspi, Khalika; Yenie, Elvi; Elystia, Shinta
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Design of solid waste management in an area needs some basic information comprising solid waste generation data, its composition and characterictics. This research aimed to analyzed the generation, composition and characteristic of domestic waste in Tampan. Research methodology refered to SNI 19-3964-1994 based on income levels. Results showed the average domestic solid waste generation in Tampan was 1.45 litre/person/day or 0.19 kg/person/day. Domestic waste composition Tampan was dominated by organic waste about 93,60%, composed by mostly 50 % food waste, and anorganik waste about 6,40%, composed by mostly 3,77 % mirror waste. For physical characteristic, domestic waste density was 0.13 kg/litre with compaction factor of 0,97. Chemical characteristic including water content was 31,37 %, volatile content was 55,62 % and ash content was 11,35 %.Keywords: Domestic Waste, Solid Waste Generation, Waste Composition, Waste Characteristic
Pemanfaatan Geopolimer Dari Kaolin Sebagai Adsorben Untuk Mengolah Air Gambut Imelda Dewi Agusti; Edy Saputra; Lita Darmayanti
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Abstract

Basicly peat water is belong to surface water which is found in the wet land, like Riau Province. The characteristic of peat water are high color intensites (yellow or brown red), high organic content and low pH values about 2-5. For use as water source for domestic purposes, it was a process to change peat water toward clean water. One of the process was adsorption way. In this research is required by kaolin based geopolymers as adsorbent.The variable that used in this research is the mass of the adsorbent (1; 1,5; 2; and 2,5 gram, and stirring (time between 30,60 and 90 seconds) then tested of organic content. The best result from this research is that the adsorbent mass of 1 gram and the stirring time of 30s while adsorbent can increase from 51,192 mg/l to 0,63 mg/l on organics content. The results of this research indicated that the peat water treatment in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of the Health No. 416 Year 1990 and could be use kaolin based geopolymer as an alternative to peat water treatment .Keyword : Kaolin, Geopolymer, Adsorption, Peat Water

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