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INDONESIA
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Esterifikasi Gliserol Dari Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triasetin Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Nirmala Sari; Zuchra Helwani; Hari Rionaldo
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel production from transesterification reaction generated 10% volume product. The increase of biodiesel production is followed by the increase of the glycerol as by product. Glycerol when esterified with acetic acid formed Triacetin. Triacetin has many uses for food, non-food and additives in biofuel feedstock that is renewable and environmentally friendly. In this study will be make Triacetin from reaction esterification of crude glycerol purified with acetic acid glacial and using natural zeolite catalyst has been activated. Making triacetin performed with a three-neck flask equipped with a condenser, heating mantle, thermometer and magnetic stirred at 100 ° C, 100 mesh size catalyst and reaction time for 4 hours. Process of qualitative analysis using FT-IR instrument has detected the exixtence of Triacetin product. The variables are varied ratio reactant of glycerol and acetic acid, and the concentration catalyst. The highest conversion obtained for 90.02% in reactan ratio mol glycerol and acetic acid 1: 7, catalyst concentration of 3% to weight of acetic acid. Comparison of reagents give real effect to the conversion of glycerol into Triacetin, while the catalyst concentration does not give a significant effect on glycerol conversion be Triacetin.Keywords: acetic acid, esterification, glycerol, Triacetin
Dehidrasi Bioetanol Hasil Fermentasi Nira Nipah Dengan Modifikasi Bentonit Dan Variasi Rasio Adsorben Hidayat, Wahyu; Chairul, Chairul; Utami, Syelvia Putri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Energy need is continously supplied by fossil fuels source The existence of environmental issues and facts about the limited resources of fossil fuels results in an energy crisis that will cause disruption of the world economy. The energy crisis has stimulated efforts to the use and development of renewable fuels and benign envinronmentally. Another method is by using bioethanol derived from nypa sap as an alternative energy source that is renewable. This study aimed to obtain data correlation ratio between the adsorbent and bioethanol against purity ethanol by distillation-adsorption process, and then obtain data on the effect of modification of bentonite activation without the addition of starch and with the addition of starch to bioethanol purity by distillation-adsorption process, and characterize the physical properties of ethanol. This research was conducted in three phases: bioethanol fermentation, modified bentonite and bentonite purification by distillation-adsorption process. For distillation-adsorption, they were conducted at 78oC by using 200 mesh bentonite .This study focused on ratio bentonite and starch addition. They were 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 0%, 35%,40%, 45% respectively. The most effective process in bioethanol purification was distillation-adsorption employed 45% starch addition by using 1:2 activated bentonite. It raised concentration bioethanol 95% to 99.7% v/v.Keywords : Bentonite, bioethanol, destillation-adsorption, fermentation, nypa sap, starch
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ammonium Sulfat Dan Waktu Pada Fermentasi Pulp Kakao Menjadi Bioetanol Menggunakan Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Yuthia Aulia Riani; Chairul Chairul; Wisrayetti Wisrayetti
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Bioethanol is one of renewable alternative energy source that can be used as an alternative fuel. Bioethanol can be produced from plant containing starch, sugar, and cellulose through a process of fermentation. One of material can be potential as bioethanol feedstock is cocoa pulp that has glucose content 8-14%. The aim of this research was studying the effect of ammonium sulfate concentration as nitrogen source and fermentation time to process cocoa pulp fermentation to produce bioethanol. The steps of this research comprise preparation of fermentation medium, making inokulum of yeast Saccaromycess cerevisiae, and fermentation step. This study varied of ammonium sulfate concentration 0 g/l, 1 g/l, 2 g/l, and 3 g/l and fermentation time of 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 hours at pH 5, temperature of 30oC, and inokulum size 10% (v/v). Bioethanol concentration was analyzed by using alcoholmeter and glucose concentration was analyzed by Nelson Somogyi method. The fermentation result of cocoa pulp with glucose content of 124,234 mg/ml was showed that the highest bioethanol concentration was 7% or 55,251 mg/ml for using ammonium sulfate of 2 g/l and fermentation time of 72 hours.Keywords: Ammonium Sulfate, Bioethanol, Cocoa Pulp, Fermentation, Saccaromycess cerevisiae
Pengaruh Variasi Penambahan Ragi Tape Dan Npk Terhadap Konsentrasi Bioetanol Hasil Fermentasi Jerami Padi Wahyuni, Lira Aulia; Yenie, Elvi; Daud, Syarfi
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

One of the alternative energy sources can be used as a substitute for fossil fuel-based energy is bioethanol. One of the raw material is rice straw ethanol. Rice straw can be used as raw material for bioethanol production because many contain cellulose. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics 2012 hay production in Indonesia reaches 64-96 million tons / year. This study aims to determine the optimal amount of yeast and NPK required in the manufacture of bioethanol once saw statistically influence of yeast and NPK against ethanol concentration produced, and test the density and viscosity of bioethanol fermented rice straw. This research was conducted by the method Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF), with the addition of yeast transformed variables tape (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) and the addition of NPK (0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% ). Bioethanol fermented bioetanolnya concentration measured using Alkoholmeter and bioethanol characteristic tests by measuring the density and viscosity. From hasi lpenelitian, obtained the highest ethanol concentration is 6% achieved on the addition of yeast 15% and 20% NPK. Density and viscosity of ethanol in the amount of 0.8482 g / ml and 1.6809 cP achieved with the addition of yeast 15% and 15% NPK.Keywords: bioethanol, rice straw, Saccharomyces cereviciae, cellulose
Pengaruh Pretreatment Batang Sawit Terhadap Sifat Dan Morfologi Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) Muchlis Ade Putra; Ahmad Fadli; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Palm trunk wood is one of solid waste from palm plantations that have not been utilized optimally. This waste can be developed as materials for Wood Plastic Composite (WPC). Extractive substances and hemicellulose fraction of this material may inhibit mixing process between wood filler and matrix, so it takes a pretreatment to eliminate these fraction. Effect of pretreatment on the properties and morphology of the resulting WPC studied in this research. Pretreatment was performed in an autoclave using water and solution of oxalic acid (OA) with concentration 0,05 M and 0,1 M at soaking temperature 1000C and 1400C then held for 5 and 15 minutes. Mixing the filler and matrix with the ratio 30/70, 2% mass paraffin and 5% mass of Maleic Anhydrate Polypropylene (MAPP) was conducted on Internal Mixer Labo Plastomills with temperature and rotor speed conditions 170 0C and 80 rpm respectively. Results of the lignocellulose analysis showed that highest reduction of extractive substances and hemicellulose fraction was 95,94 % and 25,22 %. The best mechanical and physical properties found in the pretreated sample with conditions 0,05 M OA concentration, 140 0C soaking temperature, and 15 minutes soaking time. The tensile strength, flexural strength, and water absorption values was 273,244 kgf/cm2, 427,551 kgf/cm2 and 1,120 %, respectively.Keywords : filler, lignocelluloce, pretreatment, wood plastic composite
Studi Polimerisasi Ester Dari Asam Lemak Sawit Distilat (ALSD) Menggunakan Inisiator Benzoil Peroksida 0,1 % Dwifirman, Widya; Zultiniar, Zultiniar; Bahruddin, Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Polyesters are polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. In this research, used raw materias were Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) and methanol. PFAD as a byproduct of the processed of palm oil has great potential to be used as raw material for polyester products. The purpose of this research was study polymerization of ester from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) using initiator of benzoyl peroxide 0,1%. There are two steps in this research, esterification reaction in the presence of sulfuric acid and the polymerization reaction with the help of benzoyl peroxide as initiator. Fixed variable used is the reactant composition of 1:8, speed of stirred 150 Rpm, composition of H2SO4 1% (w/w) PFAD and composition of benzoyl peroxide 0,1% (w/w) of methyl ester, while changed variable is the polymerization reaction time 3, 4 and 5 hours and polymerization reaction temperatures of 120, 130 and 140° C. Results of research on the esterification stage is obtained methyl ester with density 0,779 g/ml, viscosity 0,03746 cp and GC-MS analysis showed that the purity of methyl esters is 88,9%. GC-MS analysis sample after polymerization reaction showed that purity of methyl ester is 3,47%.Keywords : esterification, methyl ester, pfad, polymerization
Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengaduk Dan Waktu Fermentasi Terhadap Konsentrasi Bioetanol Pada Fermentasi Nira Nipah Kental Menggunakan Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Feri Wibowo; Chairul Chairul; Irdoni S
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

In Riau province the existence of palm is abundant. Nipah can potentially supply biofuels because Its sap has a sugar content of 15-20% which can be converted into bioethanol. Bioethanol is ethanol produced from raw materials containing starch, sugar and cellulose through a process of fermentation and distillation that can be used as an alternative fuel which is environmentally friendly and renewable. To be Able to produce bioethanol from nypa sap in a laboratory scale, it is necessary to study the manufacture of bioethanol from nypa sap through fermentation by using Sacharomyces cerevisiae fermentation medium volume of 2 liters. The objective of the research is to convert the sugar in the nypa sap through fermentation into bioethanol and to observe the effect of stirring speed, viscosity of the juice in the fermentation medium and fermentation time on bioethanol production using Sacharomyces cereviceae. Through the process of fermentation using yeast Sacharomyces cereviceae, glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Preparation starter was made with yeast inoculum process Sacharomyces cereviceae at 10% of the yeast fermentation medium, therefore it can be adaptable and ready for fermentation. Fermentation takes place in batches with a volume of 2 liters of fermentation medium, stirring speed variation of 150, 200, 250 rpm and viscosity sap by evaporation at 20% (v/v) as well as variations in the fermentation time of 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours. Temperature fermentation at room temperatur is 25 – 30oC. Ethanol concentration was Analyzed by using Gas Chromatography. The optimum fermentation process is shown in the stirring speed of 200 rpm with sap viscosity of 20% (v/v) and fermentation hours 36th, therefore it was obtained 15,407% (v/v) or 121,604 mg/ml.Keywords: bioethanol, condensed sap, nypa sap, saccharomyces cerevisiae, stiriing speed.
Pirolisis Kayu Akasia (Acacia Mangium) Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis Ni/NZA Dengan Variasi Pengembanan Logam Dan Rasio Katalis Sari Rahma Yanti; Syaiful Bahri; Amun Amri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Abstract

The problems that currently appear in Indonesia is the energy crisis, especially fuel oil (BBM). Fuel derived from crude oil (fossil fuel) that can not be updated, so the next few years is expected to be deprived community will fuel. To overcome these problems needed alternative energy sources is the use of renewable biomass into bio-oil. Bio-oil is produced from biomass through pyrolysis. The purpose of this research was determine the effect of the impregnation percentage of Ni metal and ratio of catalyst Ni/NZA on the yield of bio-oil and determine the physical and chemical characteristics of bio-oil. Pyrolysis using 50 grams acacia wood, 500 ml silinap and Ni/NZA catalyst with variations of the impregnation percentage of Ni metal 0%, 1%, 3%, 6% and the variation ratio of catalyst Ni/NZA 3%, 6% and 9% of the biomass with a stirring speed of 300 rpm and a temperature of 320ºC for 120 minutes. In this research, the highest yield on the variation of the impregnation percentage of metal 1% and the ratio of catalyst 9% of the biomass amounted to 77,85%. Characteristics of bio-oil obtained were density 0,865 gr/ml, viscosity 1,621 cSt, acid number 88,115 mg NaOH/gr sample, and the flash point 43oC. The results of GC-MS analysis, the dominant chemical components in the bio-oil were 1,3-Pentadiene, 2,4-Dimethyl (1,591%), 3-Octyne,7-methyl (1,591%), 4-Nonene,5-butyl (7,846%), Dodecane,5,8-diethyl (3,531%) and 1-Tricosanol (7,158%).Keywords: Bio-oil, pyrolysis, catalyst Ni/NZA, acacia wood
Pengaruh Waktu Reaksi Dan Rasio Molar Terhadap Asam Oleat Dengan Butanol Pada Sintesa Plastisizer Butil Oleat Selly, Mers; Nirwana, Nirwana; HS, Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The amount of palm oil feedstock in Indonesia, encourages the development of palm oil industry product diversification. One alternative for providing value-added palm oil by esterification of oleic acid is contained in palm oil became known as butyl oleate plasticizers. Plasticizer is an additive compound added to polymer to improve flexibility and workabilitas. Step of this research is the preparation of H-zeolite catalysts and synthesis of the plasticizer butyl oleate esterification using natural zeolite catalysts are activated to H-zeolites with varying reaction time (6, 9 and 12 hours) and the molar ratio of oleic acid and butanol (1: 6 , 1: 9 and 1:12) with the permanent variable stirring speed of 200 rpm, temperature of 108-112 ° C and catalyst-based as much as 15% oleic acid. From the test results showed that the reaction time and the molar ratio of the plasticizer effect on the synthesis of butyl oleate. Obtained value of 0.862 specific gravity and viscosity of 8.39 mPa by showing that the specific gravity and viscosity plasticizer produced meets the standards of commercial plasitisizer namely 0.862 to 0.928 and from 8.2 to 9.4. The highest achievement in this research was 76.73% with a molar ratio of 1:12 for 12 hours process.Keywords: Esterification, H-zeolites, Oils, Plasticizers
Pirolisis Kayu Ketapang (Terminalia Catappa) Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis Mo/NZA Ridho Fahrozi; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Abstract

Petroleum is explored and consumed everyday, while the formation process takes millions of years. Therefore, it need alternative energy which not dependent on fossil resources and can be renewable, one of them is to produced bio-oil from biomass. One of the potential biomass which used as raw material for bio-oil is Terminalia catappa. Biomass can be converted to bio-oil by the way of pyrolysis. The purpose of this study determine the effect of developing of metal (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) and variation of Mo/NZA catalyst to produce bio-oil and characterized the physical and chemical properties bio-oil. Pyrolysis of Terminalia catappa with Mo/NZA catalyst in the slurry reactor has been done by feeding 50 grams of Terminalia catappa with the size -100+200 mesh, silinap 500 ml, variation in levels of catalyst 1%, 2%, 3% w/w of the feedstock, at 320oC for 120 minutes. The results showed that the optimum yield obtained on 0.5% Mo/NZA catalyst in level of catalyst 3%, amounting to 68.53%. The test results showed that the physical properties of density 0.979 g/ml, viscosity 3.27 cSt, flash point 52°C and acidity 48.49 mg NaOH/gram of sample. The results of chemical analysis by GC-MS, obtained the dominant chemical components in bio-oil were acetaldehyde 6,98%; acetic acid 58.42%; 2-propanone 11.04%; propanoic acid 4.36% and 2-furancarboxaldehyde 5.55%.Keywords: Alternative energy, Biomass, Bio-oil, Mo/NZA, Pyrolysis, Terminalia catappa

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