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INDONESIA
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan Dan Laju Pemanasan Sintering Pada Pembuatan Trikalsium Fosfat Berpori dengan menggunakan Metode Starch-Konsolidation Firmansyah, R; Fadli, A; Bahruddin, Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Porous tri calcium phospate (TCP) has been prepared by starch-consolidation method using wheat as the pore formed agent. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of agitation rate and sintering temperature rate on physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of porous TCP. Wheat particles were mixed with TCP suspension then stirred for 1 hour. The slurry was dried in oven at 80˚C for 24 hours and at 120˚C for 8 hours. The green bodies were sintered at 2, 5, and 8˚C/minutes. The obtained green bodies shown shrinkage in the range 55.29-58.97%. The compressive strength of sintered bodies resulted was 0.73 MPa at 81.93% porosity and 2.89 MPa at 60.99% porosity.Keywords: tricalcium phosphate; porosity wheat particles; compressive strength
Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Kulit Nenas Menggunakan Enzim Selulase Dan Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Dengan Proses Simultaneous Sacharificatian And Fermentation (SSF) Terhadap Variasi Konsentrasi Inokulum Dan Waktu Fermentasi Dwi Laura Pramita; Elvi Yenie; Sri Rezeki Muria
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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One of potential material that could be the raw material of bioethanol is pineapple peels. Pineapple peels is one of the biggest agricultural wastes in Indonesia, especially for Riau Province. Pineapple peels could be raw material for bioethanol production due to contains of fiber, carbohydrate and glucose. The purposes of this research are for making bioethanol from pineapple peel by using Simultaneous Sacharification and Fermentation Process (SSF) for finding the maximum inoculums concentration and the best time for fermentation process. The variations of inoculums are 5%, 7%, 10%, 12% and 15%. Then the variations for fermentation time are 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. The consists of bioethanol were tested by using alcoholmeter. From this research, the highest value of bioethanol is 14% or equal to 110,502 mg/ml, for variations at 10% inoculums and 4 days fermentation process.                                             Keyword: Bioethanol; Pineapple peels; Saccharomyces           Cerevisiae; Cellulose; SSF
Pengaruh Kadar Sulfur Dan Plastisizer Paraffin Terhadap Morfologi Dan Sifat Karet Alam Thermoset Dengan Filler Abu Sawit/Carbon Black Maradona Maradona; Nirwana Nirwana; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Sulfur and plasticizer has an important role in the manufacture of thermoset rubber. Plasticizer serves to increase the spread of filler in the elastic properties of rubber. While the function of sulfur during the vulcanization process. This research aims to study the effect of sulfur and paraffin plasticizers on the morphology and properties of thermoset rubber with palm ash /carbon black as filler. sufur content used were 1,5 phr 2,5 phr and 3 phr (per hundred rubber ). Plastisizer content used were 2,5 phr and 5 phr. Mastication process is carried out using a roll mill at room temperature, roll rotational speed of 20 rpm, and the overall time of the manufacture of compound ± 50 minutes. Activator used was ZnO, a co–activator used was stearic acid, an accelerator used was MBTS, antidegradant used was TMQ. Vulcanization process was carried out at a temperature of 150 °C and pressure of 50 kgf/cm2. Testing of mechanical properties includes tensile strength, elongation at break and elastic modulus using standard ISO 527-2 type 5A with a universal testing machine. Testing morphology was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Other parameter tested is water absorption resistance. The results showed that the rate of sulfur and plasticizer influence the properties of vulcanized rubber. The best mechanical properties obtained at 2.5 phr sulfur and 2.5 phr plasticizer with filler ratio of palm ash /carbon black 30/70 with a tensile strength of 18.41 MPa, elongation at break 1155.9 % and elastic modulus of 0.9 MPa.                                     Keywords : sulfur , plasticizers , fillers hybrid , natural rubber , vulcanized
kajian Metakaolinisasi Terhadap Sintesa Zeolit 4A Dari Kaolin Affandry Taufik; Fajril Akbar; Silvia Reni Yenti
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Zeolite 4A can be used as alternative for replacing phosphate as builder of detergen. It can be synthesized from calcined kaolin. Kaolin in its natural state is less reactive and difficult to form zeolite 4A, threfore kaolin needs to be activated through calcination process. Calcination of kaolin were studied in variation of temperatures from 500˚C, 600˚C, 700˚C, and 800˚C. Sodium aluminate and sodium silicate used as reactants in reaction process of synthesis zeolite 4A mixed in 1, 2 and 3 hours, then heated at 80˚C for 8 hours. The samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. A calcination temperature of 700˚C ~ (2 hr) is the optimum for this kaolin to change into a reactive metakaolin which gives zeolite 4A with high crystallinity.                             Keywords: calcination, kaolin, metakaolin, synthesis, zeolite 4A
Sintesa Zeolit 4A Dari Kaolin Menggunakan Proses Peleburan Dengan Variasi Perbandingan Volume Reaktan Putra, Ryan Prakarsa; Akbar, Fajril; Zultiniar, Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Zeolite 4A can be used as phosphate replacement for detergents synthesis. It can be synthesized from calcined kaolinite . The results of the kaolin analysis indicated that composition of silica in kaolin larger than alumina, there for in the process of zeolite 4A synthesis need additional of alumina compound. In this research examine the possibility of kaolin as the source of silica in zeolite 4A synthesis with variations in the volume of reactants ( 20:80 , 40:60 , 50:50 , 60:40 , 80:20 ). The reactant compound was synthesis by reaction of sodium silicate (kaolin remelting with sodium hydroxide) and sodium aluminate . Zeolite 4A was synthesis by stirring up the sodium silicate with sodium aluminate for 2 hours until white gel formed. Then synthesized at 80 ⁰C temperature for 8 hours. The result of the synthesis filtered and washed with distilled water until neutral pH, and then dried in oven at 120⁰ C temperature for 3 hours. The forming of zeolite characterized by infrared spectrophotometry and X-ray diffractometer. Maximal zeolite 4A synthesized was form the variation of sodium silicate and sodium aluminate ratio at 60:40 with 1.53 ratio. The comparison of diffractogram concluded that zeolit synthesis in this study was zeolite 4A..  Keywords : Infrared Spectroscopy , Kaolin ,X-Ray Diffraction , Zeolite 4A
Transesterifikasi Minyak Limbah Ikan Patin Menggunakan Isopropanol Dengan Variasi Kecepatan Pengadukan Dan Perbandingan Molar Reaktan Fernando S Sihotang; Nirwana Nirwana; Irdoni HS
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Transesterification is a reaction between oil (tryglecerida) and alcohol, creating fatty acid alkyl ester and glycerol as it’s by products. Plastisizer is one of the commercial product of fatty acid alkyl ester. Plastisizer is an organic solvent with high boiling point. As a solid, its melting point is considerably low. Plasticizers from bio-oil production is still very limited, it is necessary to develop a bio-oil-based plasticizers. One of vegetable oils that can be used to produce plastisizer, and still has not been utilized optimally is waste cat fish oil. Plastisizer can be synthesized by transesterification using acid catalysts. Most of the transesterification reaction using homogeneous acid catalysts such as H2SO4, HNO3 and HCl are difficult to separate from product. Alternative catalysts that can be used for the transesterification reaction is natural zeolite catalyst which is easily separated from the heterogeneous reaction products. In this research, the synthesis of plasticizers by transesterification reaction used an activated natural zeolite catalysts to H-zeolite, with variations of stirring speed (150, 175 and 200 rpm) and the molar ratio of reactants (1:6, 1:9, and 1:12) , with a fixed variable was 60-65 0C reaction temperature, 6 hours reaction time, and 20% H-zeolite catalyst composition based by weight of waste catfish oil. The test results showed that the molar ratio and stirring speed affects the speed of the reaction to reach equilibrium reaction. The best operating conditions obtained by this research was the molar ratio of 1: 9, stirring speed 150 rpm, 20% catalyst composition and 6 hours reaction time, obtain conversion of 50,7% Product. Characteristics of plasticizers, which produced by this research meets the standards of commercial plasticizers, with 8,96 – 12,41 mPa s viscosity value (400C), 0,882 – 0,894 Specific Gravity (400C) and saponification number is 135, 41 – 161,75 mg KOH, Where, the standards which used by this research are 8,96 – 12,41 mPa s viscosity value (400C), 0,882 – 0,894 Specific Gravity (400C) and saponification number is 133 – 172 mg KOH.
Perengkahan Katalitik Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Menjadi Biofuel Dengan Katalis Abu TKS Variasi Temperatur Dan Berat Katalis Blesvid, Bloomy; Yelmida, Yelmida; Zultiniar, Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Technology of catalytic cracking process that has been widely used to process petroleum and  now used to process vegetable oil into biofuel. PFAD is a by-product of refining CPO process which has trigleceryde that can be converted into biofuel equivalent with fuel. PFAD cracking using ash palm empty fruit bunches (PEFB) catalyst with variation temperature and weight of catalyst. The purposes of the research is to obtain the operation condition such as the temperature and weight of catalyst to get the highest yield(%), to know the composition of the product, and to know physical properties product such as density, viscosity, and flash point. Weight of catalyst composition was varied from 0,5% to 2,5% wt with temperature range 350oC to 430 oC, rates of agitation 300 rpm, and the flowrate N2 is 150 ml/minute. Composition product analysed by GC- MS and the result is fractions fuel such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel. The analysed showing that PFAD cracked into gasoline fraction with the highest yield is 54,3%. Key Words: Ash PEFB, biofuel, catalytic cracking, PFAD
Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Limbah Ikan Baung Dengan Katalis Padat Lempung Sukiman Hernanda; Syaiful Bahri; Yusnimar Yusnimar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Biodiesel as an alternative diesel fuel are made from renewable biological resources, such as vegetable oils and animal fats. In Indonesia, fish production increase every year, so the waste of fish disposal usually is rising as well. Therefore, it is necessary to take advantage of new innovations of fish waste to biodiesel. In this research, conversion of the fish baung disposal to biodiesel has been done. By using a clay catalyst “lempung cengar”. Firstly, the fish disposal was heated for 4 hours. Then, oil was extracted from the fish disposal by pressed manually. Afterward, oil was converse to biodiesel by using a transesterification reaction with methanol as a reactan and a lempung cengar catalyst. The transesterification reaction was conducted under condition temperature 600C, stirring ± 150 rpm and a reaction time 210 minutes. In order to get a biodiesel yield maximally, variations of ratios sample and methanol (1:3; 1:6; 1:9), variation of a clay catalyst (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% w/w) were applied in this research. The result showed than biodiesel yield maximum around 78.01%, under condition ratio between oil and methanol 1:9 and catalyst 1% of amount oil total. Based on physical properties analysist of biodiesel it has density 882 kg/m3, viscosity 5.18 cSt, acid number 0.63 mg-KOH/gr sample, and heating value 1450C respectively. In addition, oil was determined it is chemical properties by GC-MS method before it was applied in the transesterification reaction. Oil has oleat acid 49.10%, behenat acid 29.34%, stearat acid 4.69%, 9 heksadekanoat acid 2.64%, and palmitat acid 0.22%.         Key word: Fish oil, Baung fish, Biodiesel, Clay catalyst, Transesterification reaction
Pengaruh Komposisi Katalis H-Zeolit Dan Kecepatan Pengadukan Terhadap Karakteristik Isopropil Oleat Ardiana, Amalia; Nirwana, Nirwana; HS, Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Crude palm oil uses to term downstream industries in indonesia still at low, because of that we need to develop in downstream products. In addition, one of them which developed is fatty acid alkyl ester. Downstream products that included in fatty acid alkyl ester is plastisizer. Plastisizer is additive substance that added into polymer to increase flexibility and workability with esterification process. esterification is process between carboxiclic acid and alcohol to form ester and water as byproduct. In this research, plastisizer synthesized by esterification of oleic acid and isopropanol with activated natural zeolit as catalyst. This process was doing with variation of stirrer speed (175, 200 and 225 rpm) and composition of catalyst (12.5, 15 and 17.5%) also as fixed variable is temperature of reaction at 75 - 80°C, the reaction time of 6 hours and molar ratio of 1:9 oleic acid based. From esterification analysis result we can look that strirrer speed  and composition of catalyst influenced rate of reaction to reach the equlibrium. The best operating condition in this reasearch has got at 17.5% composition of catalyst and 200 rpm of stirrer speed that produce 59.27% conversion. Product that has been produced is methyl ethyl ester, oleic acid, Methyl Ester, Dihidroxypropyl Ester and Isopropyl Ester. Characteriztion of plastisizer that has produced from this research is viscosity at (200 C ) is 4,360 – 5,882 mPa.s and specific gravity  (200 C) is 0,785 – 0,844.  Keywords: Esterification, H-Zeolit , Isopropanol, Oleic Acid, Plasticizer
Pengaruh Waktu Reaksi Dan Penambahan Volume Enzim terhadap Pemurnian Selulosa-α Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Enzim Xilanase Dari Trichoderma sp Putri M F; Padil Padil; Yelmida Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Palm midrib is one of the solid waste from oil palm plantattions and there is approximately 35% α- cellulosa component. Cellulose which contained in waste palm midrib are very potential to transform into nitrocellulose raw material. Purify of cellulose above 92% can be used to make main propelan raw material or explosive matter. The purpose of this research was to got the best condition of addition from xylanase enzyme and the best time of reaction from purifying α-cellulose palm midrib process as a main nitrocellulose raw material. Palm midrib has to accomplished by several steps of purify such as extraction, hydrolysis, and delignyfication, and then continue to purifying process with xylanase enzyme on 60oc phase, pH 5, ratio of palm midrib: aquadest 1:25 in term of enzyme volume addition and time of reaction variation. The analyst of cellulosa that pass the hidrolysis show the purity α-cellulose is 86,48%. The best condition is able at  enzyme volume addition 3 ml and time of reaction 90 menit with the purity of α-celluloseobtained 96,6%. So it can be concluded that α-cellulose of the palm midrib pass purity process used the xylanase enzyme can be used for the manufacture of nitrocellulose.Keyword :α-cellulosa,nitrocellulose, palmmidrib,purification,xylanase enzyme

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