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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Konversi Biji Alpukat Menjadi Bio-oil Dengan Metode Pyrolisis Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Agustin, Dian; Sahan, Yusnimar; Bahri, Syaiful
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The trend of fossil fuel demand is always increase by time in the world. Yet, petroleum oil as a non-renewable has been declining each year. It is necessary to find a new alternative fuel that can be renewed, such as to applied biomasses as resources energy. One of several potential biomasses can be converted to energy or bio-oil is the seed of an avocado because it’s contain so high fat fatty acid (FFA). This seed has not been used maximacally yet, so in this research this seed is converted into bio-oil by using pyrolysis method and natural zeolite as a catalyst. The purpose of this research is to get the highest yield of bio-oil by applied variation of ratio sample : catalyst (50:0, 50:1, 50:2, 50:3 g/g), and temperature variation of pyrolysis process is 270, 300, 330 ºC. Based on results in this research, the highest of bio-oil is 79,08 % found under condition ratio sampel : catalyst 50 :2 and pyrolysis temperature is 330 ºC. The bio-oil is analyzed and it’s density 0.988 g/ml, viscosity 7,560 cSt, acid value 0,1002 mg NaOH/ g sample,  flash point 56 ºC and heating value 17,354 MJ/kg. Based on GC-MS analyzed bio-oil were contained (2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene), (3,4,4-trimethyl-2- pentene), (Diisobutylene), (2,4,4-trimethyl-3-pentene) and (2-methyl-trimer- propene) with peak area (7,84%), (7,82%), (5,69%), (3,82%) and (3,58%).  Keyword :  Avocado seed, Bio-oil, Natural Zeolite, Pyrolysis
Konversi Termal kayu ketapang (Terminalia Catappal) Menjadi Bio-Oil Dengan Teknologi Pirolisis Menggunakan Katalis NiMo/NZA Ari Aditia Sukma; Syaiful Bahri; Aman Aman
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Abstract

Availability of fossil fuels are depleting resulted in higher mining costs and selling prices to the public. In addition, the results of its combustion also releases GHG to the environment. One way to reduce the use of fossil fuels is produce bio-oil through pyrolysis technology. Ketapang rod is a huge potential used as feedstock for bio-oil production because its high cellulose content (41.80%). Synthesis of bio-oil from Ketapang stem begins with the process of size reduction of biomass and natural zeolite to -100+200 mesh size. Then, into the natural zeolite impregnated Ni and Mo to form the bimetallic catalyst NiMo/NZA. The catalyst is then activated through the stages of calcination, oxidation, and reduction. Pyrolysis process is done by varying the weight percentage of catalyst to biomass, ie: 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% w/w. In addition, the catalytic pyrolysis process is carried 3% NZA only  and 3% NiMo/NZA were activated by calcination process alone. The highest yield was obtained on the use of catalysts NiMo/NZA perfect activated which amounted to 91.05%. From physics analysis performed on the bio-oil obtained: density of 0.91 g/ml, viscosity 10.839 cSt, acid number 46.954 mg NaOH/g sample, flash point 52oC, and the heating value 42.66 MJ/Kg. The figures are included in the range of physical characteristics of diesel-oil. Five (5) the dominant compound results of chemical analysis by GC-MS of the bio-oil from Ketapang rod by using a catalyst NiMo/NZA 3% by weight are: 3,4,4-trimethyl-2-nonene (10.29%), isobutylene (8.84%), 2,2-dimethyl-butane (8.05%), 3,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene (5.76%), and 2-methyl-1-heptene (5.26%).  Keywords: Bio-oil, Pyrolysis, and Catalyst NiMo/NZA
Pemurnian Bioetanol Hasil Fermentasi Kulit Nanas Menggunakan Proses Distilasi - Adsorpsi Pada Variasi Jenis Perlakuan Dan Ukuran Pori Adsorben Diah Pramushinta; Said Zul Amraini; Chairul Chairul
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

One of the alternatives is by utilizing bioethanol as a renewable alternative energy source. This study aims to obtain ethanol from pineapple feel using solid state fermentation process and the purification using distillation and adsorption process, obtain comparative data on the adsorption capacity of the natural zeolite without activation and the activated natural zeolite, to get data the optimum of adsorbent to produce bioethanol, and characterize the physical properties of bioethanol and qualitative test by GC-MS. The pore size of adsorbent variations are 60; 100; 200 mesh and variation of treatment of adsorbent the natural zeolite without activation and the activated natural. From the research is obtained the highest bioethanol concentration average is 10,44 % volume. The most effective process for ethanol purification is distillation and adsorption process by natural zeolite adsorbent without activation with pore size of 200 mesh. Ethanol content increased from 95 % to 99.8 % v. Bioethanol from distillation and adsorption process in accordance with ISO standards.  Keywords: Bioethanol; solid state fermentation; zeolite; distillation and adsorption process
Penanganan Risiko Jatuhan Batu Dengan Simulasi Jatuhan Batuan (Studi Kasus Di Kloch) Frans Tohom; Ari Sandyavitri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Rockfalls are a natural and dynamic geologic process and is common in mountainous areas near cliffs of broken, faulted, or jointed bedrock, on steep slopes of rocky soils, or where cliffy bedrock ledges are undercut by erosion or human activity. Simulation of rock falls, along with analyzing kinetic energy and bounce height, can result in providing protection measures in the right places with the least costs. In this study, slopes that were analyzed is a manmade slope in quarry at Kloch, Austria.   Three different construction alternatives or barrier were then proposed:(i) constructing of a catchfences with a capacity to restrain the rockfall energy about 100 - 5000 kJ, (ii) construction of concrete barrier with the capacity up to 100 kJ, and (iii) construction of a wooden retaining wall with the capacity up to 30 kJ. Keywords: Simulation, Rockfall, barriers, slope
Analisa Statistika Untuk Curah Hujan Harian Pada Das Kampar Berdasarkan Aic (Akaike Imformation Criterion) Citra Dewi Simbolon; Bambang Sujatmoko; Mardani Sebayang
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Abstract

The applicability of the frequency distributions had been widely used for the analysis of daily rainfall because the rain had different characteristic according to space and time. Distributions were often used for example gamma distribution, exponential, normal, log normal, Gumbel, and log the third person. This research aims to election statistics for rainfall distribution based on AIC and to determine which one was most appropriate distribution based on the Chi-kuardrat test and Kormologrov Smirnov test. The distributions in this research were searched maximum likelihood value, then evaluated based on the value of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Maximum likelihood estimate of the value was used to maximize the distribution parameters in AIC. Distribution which has the smallest AIC value that will be used for the Chi Square test and Kolmogorov- Smirnov test. Research result shows all stations in the Kampar river basin, generate normal distribution that has the smallest AIC value. For Chi Square test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed a normal distribution can be accepted in the watershed Kampar. Keywords: Akaike Information Criterion, Chi Square, exponential distribution gamma distribution, Gumbel distribution, normal distribution, log normal distribution, log the third person distribution, Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Pemodelan Hujan Debit Pada Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai menggunakan Program bantu Hec - Hms (Studi Kasus Pada Kanal Duri) Sitanggang, Gufrion Elmart; Suprayogi, Imam; Trimaijon, Trimaijon
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Transformation process Rainfall-runoff is a scientific process which very complex. This complexity process cause of two factor, that are Watershed variability sistem  and  input parameter whick has high variability space and time. So for cope with this komplex process used rainfall-runoff modeling. Model that the used expected could approach Watershed  characteristic. A Rainfall-Runoff model is HEC-HMS. HEC-HMS accurate  for modeling the event a moment such as flood. This modeling will be used at the Duri Canal Watershed in this  study divided into 29 cathment area, with total area 448.4624 km2.   The results of the HEC-HMS modeling in 2002 obtained Qp is 1627.3 m3/sec, this output will calibration with HSS Nakayasu method and obtain Qp 1669.32 m3/sec caused by rainfall 150 mm. Whereas for the 2012 HEC-HMS modeling obtained Qp is 1231.7 m3/sec and for calibration HSS Nakayasu method obtained Qp is 1193.55 m3/sec caused by rainfall 107.5 mm. The result showed nearing values. However HEC-HMS and HSS Nakayasu have different peak time (tp). HEC-HMS have tp at the eleventh o’clock whereas HSS Nakayasu method have tp at the fourth o’clock. This different caused devide of cathment area at HEC-HMS modeling. Keywords : Model, Rainfall-Runoff, Calibration, HEC-HMS, HSS Nakayasu
Simulasi Waktu Evakuasi Berbasis Sig Untuk Analisis Tingkat Kerentanan Penduduk Kota Padang Terhadap Bahaya Tsunami Alkhair, Hafidz; Sutikno, Sigit; Rinaldi, Rinaldi
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Abstract

Tsunamis are ocean waves that can be caused by earthquakes, landslides or volcanic eruptions that occur at sea either vertically or horizontally. Population of Padang city, which is more than half the population living in areas relatively close to the beach. A large of population living and indulge in the coastal of Padang city caused an increasing vulnerability of the population to the dangers of tsunami. Effective evacuation planning is an effort to minimize the possible impact of the tsunami will occur. The research methodology consists of three phases: data collection, data analysis stage of the process network analisys in ArcGIS software and the third is the analysis phase. Service area is generated using a network analyst tool. Service area in this research means that the minimum area that can be reach by evacuee before tsunami come. The results show that the shelters are not able to cover all of the areas in tsunamiprone zones. The results show that the shelters allocated by KOGAMI and DKP can not cover about 9.5% and 10.9% evacuee in tsunami prone area respectively. To overcome this, the addition of potential new shelter building must be allocated in non covered service area.  Keywords: tsunami, evacuation, shelter, network analyst, service area
Studi Pengendalian banjir Kota Bangkinang Sisi barat Kurniawan, R Putra; Mudjiatko, Mudjiatko; Handayani, Yohanna Lilis
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Abstract

Most of surface run off in rainy season in west Bangkinang city flow to Petai I river, so that Petai I river unable to deliver it anymore to Kampar river, it will be flood in some region in Bangkinang city. According a concept has been developed to this condition that devides into two parts Jendral Ahmad Yani street, for the east region flow, will be directed to Petai I river and the west region will be directed to Polsek Bangkinang channel. The aim of this study is to planned drainage system and the capacity of the channel to drain surface runoff so that to overcome the happening flood and to reduces the load flow of the Petai I river. Rainfall station data of Pasar Kampar for 15 years used to determine rainfall plan by using 10 times years period and obtained rainfall plans (R24) of 136.11 mm. From the chatchment area map and rainfall plan data the area debit calculated to get dimensions of channel plan. The finding showed that the capacity of the existing channel with dimensions of 0.45 m - 3.00 m is unable to accommodate debit that occurs of 0.06 m3/sec - 3.96 m3/sec so that a new drainage system with dimensions of 0.44 m - 2.61 m which can accommodate debit of 0.06 m3/sec - 6.72 m3/sec must be planed.  Key words: Flood, rain fall, drainage system, dimension channel
analisa Willingness To Pay (WTP) Dan kebutuhan Air Bersih Di Kecamatan Rengat Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu Aidillah Fitria; Siswanto Siswanto; Ari Sandhyavitri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Abstract

Water is a basic of human need. Hence, there is a need to identified to what exterd people may attent of water charges. However, water is considered as free good. Water services carried out by water entities (PDAM) in Indonesia. Put charges for delivery of water. Treating water for population in the urban area. Therefore, willingness to pay water service as well as their willingness to connect where investigated in this study. The result of this research view that social economic factors has influence the willingness to pay (wtp) are revenue and total of water usage. The average of willingness to pay (wtp) is Rp 5.377,00/m3 greater than current charges is Rp 3.086,60/m3. Besides of that, 77,2% of citizen of this area have willingness to connect to water supply. It is projected that water supply required to meet. For 2014 demand is 81,2 lt/sec and 2032 is 102,2 lt/sec. There is a need to extend water treatment plan capacity up to 102 lt/sec in 2032.  Keywords: willingness to pay (wtp), charges, needs, water, Rengat       
Pemodelan Hujan - Aliran Daerah Aliran Sungai Rokan Dengan menggunakan Data penginderaan Jauh Mardhotillah, Mutia; Sutikno, Sigit; Fauzi, Manyuk
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Abstract

Data availability for modeling usually become a problem because of incompleteness and imprecision data. The development of knowledge and the advancement of technology progress encourage the development of hydrological modeling by using remote sensing data. This research conducted rainfall-runoff modeling using remote sensing data in Rokan watershed, Riau Province. To utilize remote sensing data, a special software namely Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS) is used in this research. IFAS is a remote sensing program that was developed by a research institution of the Japanese public works called the International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM). IFAS was used to model the rainfall-runoff in Rokan watershed with four types of different periods simulation and calibration. Rainfal-runoff period from 1 January 2003 until 31 December 2006, 1 January 2004 until 31 December 2006, 1 January 2005 until 31 December 2006 and 1 January 2006 until 31 December 2006 was used for this modeling and then was validated with period data of 2004 and 2005. The results become optimal after the calibration process period of two years and one year data. The two years period have the correlation (R) value 0,627, volume error (VE) 1,007%, and the coefficient of efficiency (CE) 0,615 and the one year period the correlation (R) value 0,663, volume error (VE) 3,30%, and the coefficient of efficiency (CE) 0,759.  Keywords: rainfall-runoff modeling, satellite data, IFAS, calibration, validation

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