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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menggunakan CaO/Fly Ash Sebagai Katalis Pada Tahap Transesterifikasi Viqrie Wahyudi; Zuchra Helwani; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Indonesia needs the development of renewable energy. Biodiesel is one of renewable energy that formed as liquid fuel and has same property with petrodiesel. Biodiesel is able to be synthesis from off-grade palm oil using CaO/fly ash as catalyst in transesterification process. Employing fly ash as support in CaO has a good impact due to environmentally friendly, good economic potential and the utilization of Ca compound in fly ash. Biodiesel production in this study aims is to see the influence of reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol and oil and concentration of CaO/fly ash towards biodiesel yield. The process was conducted through reaction of esterification and followed by transesterification reaction. Processing the data in this study was conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Design Expert 7.0 program which is experimental design determined by Central Composite Design (CCD) which consists of three variables. The highest result of biodiesel yield was 59,34% at 70oC reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol : oil 6 : 1 and catalyst concentration of CaO/fly ash 6%-w. Biodiesel characteristics like as density, kinematic viscosity, acid value and flash point has been appropriate by Indonesian biodiesel standard. The most significant process condition affecting the yield of biodiesel was catalyst concentration.Keywords: biodiesel, off-grade palm oil, catalyst, fly ash, transesterification
Pemanfaatan Fly Ash Sawit Sebagai Katalis Asam Dalam Proses Esterifikasi Gliserol Sebagai Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triacetin Triyana Defi; Zuchra Helwani; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel that produced about 10% of the amount of biodiesel. Glycerol can be processed into economic products such as triacetin. Triacetin is a triesther of glycerol and acetic acid that can be applied as additive in the field of food or non food. Triacetin can be produced through estherification of glycerol and acetic acid by using palm fly ash as the solid acid catalyst. The aim of this research was to determined the characteristic of the palm fly ash as solid acid catalyst and determined the influence of the catalyst concentration, mol ratio of reactan and time of estherification toward the conversion of glycerol. Variation that used were concentration of catalyst 1, 2, 3% of acetic acid mass, mol ratio of reactan 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, and time of estherification 1, 2, and 3 hours. The estherification temperature was 100oC. The characteristic of palm fly ash catalyst of acidity, crystallinity, and surface area increasing after activation process. The conversion of glycerol increased by the increasing of catalyst concentration, mol ratio of reactan and time of estherification. The highest conversion gain at concentration of catalyst 1%, mol ratio of reactan 1:9, and time of estherification 3 hours is 47.41%.Keywords: biodiesel, estherification, fly ash, glycerol, triacetin.
Pemanfaatan Gliserol Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triacetin Melalui Proses Esterifikasi Menggunakan Katalis Fly Ash Nur Khairiati; Zuchra Helwani; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel that produced 10% of the total volume of biodiesel products. Glycerol can be processed into economic product such as triacetin . Triacetin made by estherification process of glycerol and acetic acid with the aid of flya ash as catalyst. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the catalyst fly ash and determine the influence of process variables (concentration of catalyst, reactant mole ratios and estherification time) on glycerol conversion. Catalyst concentration used were 1%, 2% and 3%. The mole ratio of glycerol: Acetic acid were 1:5, 1:7 and 1:9. Estherification time used were 1. 2 and 3 hours. Characteristic of fly ash catalyst such as surface area, the acidity and degree of crystallinity increased after activation. The highest conversion obtained was 53,33% at the operating conditions of catalyst concentration 3%, the mole ratio of reactant 1:9 and estherification time 3 hours. The increasing of catalyst concentration, mole ratio of reactant and estherification time increased the conversion of glycerol.Keywords: biodiesel, estherification, fly ash, glycerol, triacetin.
Pengaruh Fraksi Etanol Dalam Pelarut Dan Ketebalan Coating TiO2 Terhadap Kinerja Prototip Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) berbasis Dye Dari Buah Tumbuhan Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum) Haq, Arinil; Amri, Amun; Fadli, Ahmad
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The globally encountered energy crisis can be solved by utilizing sunlight as an alternative energy source. Sun energy can be harnessed through application on solar cell. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a type of solar cell which utilizes dye as light-harvester and also assensitizer. This research aims to investigate the usage of malabar melastome (Melastoma malabathricum) as dye material and to observe the impact of ethanol solvent’s dilution and coating thickness of TiO2 on the DSSC’s performance. To fabricate the DSSC, material preparation and dye extraction was done by dissolving fruit of malabar melastome in amixture of 40 ml ethanol, 8 ml acetic acid, and 52 ml aquadest. The making of TiO2 paste was done by mixing 5 g of TiO2 with 40 ml solvent and deposited using spin coating method. Themaking of electrolyte was done by dissolving 0,127 g of iodine in 0,5 M of KI solvent. The counter-electrode was made and the DSSC was assembled. The DSSC’s voltage was thenexamined using multitester and analyzed using SEM, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and adhesion test. The higher ethanol fraction in the solvent and the thicker the coating of TiO2,the better voltage resulted. This fact is supported by the morphology and adhesivity test. It can be proved from the highest voltage that is obtained from the sample with 100% ethanol fraction and the thickness of 240 μm which is 659 mV/cm2 under the illumination of LEDlight and 1806,7 mV/cm2 when applied on direct sunlight.Keywords: DSSC, photovoltaic, malabar melastome, spin coating, TiO2
Penggunaan Katalis CaO Dari Ca(NO3)2 Dengan Support Serbuk Besi Pada Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Sawit Off-Grade
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Biodiesel is one of renewable energy that formed as liquid fuel and has same property with petrodiesel. Biodiesel is able to besynthesized from off-grade palm oil using CaO/Wasted iron as catalyst in transesterification process. Employing Wasted iron as support in CaO has a good impact due to environmentally friendly, good economic potential and magnetic separation of the catalyst. Biodiesel production in this study aims is to see the influence of reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol and oil and concentration of CaO/Wasted iron towards biodiesel yield. The process was conducted through reaction of esterification and followed by transesterification reaction. Processing of the data in this study was conducted by response surface methodology (RSM) using Design Expert 7.0 program which is experimental design determined by central composite design (CCD) which consists of three variables. The highest result of biodiesel yield was 67,64% at 70oC reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol : oil 6 : 1 and catalyst concentration of CaO/Wasted iron 3%-w. Biodiesel characteristics like as density, kinematic viscosity, acid value and flash point has been appropriate by Indonesian biodiesel standard. The most significant process condition affecting the yield of biodiesel was catalyst concentration.Keywords :biodiesel, catalyst, off-grade palm oil, transesterification, wasted iron.
Penentuan Daya Jerap Karbon Aktif Dari Tempurung Kelapa Terhadap Ion Cu(II) Rispiandi, Fadli; Yusnimar, Yusnimar; Helianty, Sri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Activated carbon which has a high adsorption capacity for the adsorbate. Activated carboncan be produced from materials containing carbon or charcoal was treated in a certain wayto gain more surface area. The research goal was to process coconut shell into a activatedcarbon and determine the adsorption power of the ion Cu (II). The dried coconut shell wascarbonated in a sealed drum to produced charcoal / carbon. Charcoal was crushed into aparticle size of 100 mesh. Charcoals with a size of 100 mesh were activated physically andchemically. The activation process of carbon physically carried out at a temperature of 300,500 and 700 ºC. While chemically, activated carbon was done by used Na2CO3 as anactivator. Carbon/charcoal was soaked in a solution of Na2CO3 for 24 hours. Furthermore, itwas separated from the solution of Na2CO3 and dried at a temperature of 105 ºC. Activatedcarbon obtained both physically and chemically characterized to determine such as ashcontent, moisture content and adsorption power of the iodine solution and Cu(II) in solution. The results showed that the carbon which activation under a temperature of 700 ºC was the best activated carbon has a water content of 4.13%, ash content of 5.25%, iodine number 1262.95% and the adsorption power of the ion Cu(II) 99.96%Keywords : Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Chemical Activation, Coconut Shell and PhysicsActivation
Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menjadi Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis CaO Yang Diimpregnasi Dengan Limbah Serbuk Besi Muhammad Rahman; Zuchra Helwani; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Off-grade oil is a raw material for biodiesel that has ALB levels> 2% so that the production of biodiesel made by two stage reaction, the esterification and transesterification. In general, biodiesel is produced using homogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts can be replaced by a heterogeneous catalyst. CaO catalyst has a high alkalinity but has shortcomings in the process of separation of the reaction products. Waste iron powder can be used as a support and to provide a catalyst Ca2Fe2O5 metal forming properties. This study aims to create a catalyst that has a high alkalinity and metallic, and study the performance of the catalyst in the transesterification reaction of palm oil off-grade. Esterification process were reacted at 60°C with a mole ratio of oil: methanol of 1:12 and 1% H2SO4 catalyst -b. The esterification reaction can reduce levels of ALB from 12.47% to 0.36%. Transesterification is done by varying the mole ratio of oil: methanol in a row is 1: 6, 1: 8 and 1:10, the amount of catalyst modification 1% -b, -b 2%, 3% -b, a reaction temperature of 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and the reaction time 2 hours. Processing data using Response Surface Area (RSM), the amount of attack using Central Composite Design (CCD). The resulting yield ranging from 23.19% to 52.34%. The highest yield obtained at 70°C with a mole ratio of oil: methanol of 1:10 and the amount of catalyst Ca2Fe2O5 1%-b. Biodiesel characteristics such as density, kinematic viscosity, acid number and flash point are in accordance with the standards of Indonesian biodiesel. The most significant process conditions to yield biodiesel is the ratio of the mole ratio of oil: methanol and the amount of catalyst.Keywords : Biodiesel, Catalyst, Off-grade Palm Oi, Transesterification, Wasted Iron
Penggunaan Katalis Fly Ash Yang Diimpregnasi Dengan CaO Dari Ca(NO3)2 Pada Tahap Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menjadi Biodiesel Nugraha, Putra Zelly; Helwani, Zuchra; Saputra, Edy
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Abstract

The synthesis of biodiesel from off-grade palm oil needs the help of CaO/fly ash during the transesterification step. CaO with high basicity and acts as a good catalyst. The use of fly ash as the support of CaO catalyst has several benefits because it is safe for the environment, it adds economical value, and Ca inside the fly ash itself can be utilized. The synthesis of biodiesel in this research aims to observe the effect of reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol : oil, and the effect of CaO/fly ash concentration towards biodiesel yield. The synthesis of biodiesel is performed through esterification reaction to reduce the amount of free fatty acid content in oil, and is continued by transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel. Data processing in this research is conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the help of Design Expert 7.0 software, while experimental design is determined using Central Composite Design (CCD) which consists of 3 variables. The highest biodiesel yield is 61.72% with a reaction temperature of 60oC, methanol : oil ratio of 8:1, and CaO/fly ash catalyst concentration of 7 %wt. Biodiesel characteristics which consist of density, kinematics viscosity, acid value and flash point is consistent with Indonesia’s National Standards (SNI) of biodiesel. The variable which has the highest effect towards biodiesel yield is catalyst concentration.Key words : Biodiesel, Off-grade Palm Oil, Catalyst, Fly Ash, Transesterification.
Pemisahan Emas Pada Ram (Random Access Memory) Komputer : Pengaruh Variasi Rasio Jumlah Sampel : Volume Pelarut HNO3 Dan Jenis Presipitan Restika Rahayu; Yusnimar Yusnimar; Drastinawati Drastinawati
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Gold metal has been using in electronics and telecommunication industry, for example, computer RAM . The separation of gold from the computer's RAM has been done in this study. To get the maximum results in the separation of the gold used variations in the ratio of the number of samples : HNO3 solvent volume ( w/v 1:3 ; 1:6 ; 1:9 ) and the type of precipitant ( NaHSO3 and H2C2O4 ) . In this study, a certain number of samples is used computer RAM with a size of 1-3 mm then it is been leaching with HNO3 at a temperature of 70˚C for 1 hour. The precipitate formed is separated from the filtrate. The precipitate was dissolved in Aqua Regia at a temperature of 70˚C for 30 minutes further diluted with Aqua DM until the volume is 50 mL . Au concentration was analyzed by AAS Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Au deposited with NaHSO3 and H2C2O4 . Based on the analysis result, the maximum Au concentration at the former computer RAM is equal to 54.95 ppm. For 5 grams of the sample , the maximum weight of Au precipitate obtained 0.72 grams by using H2C2O4 as a precipitant .Keyword : Au, RAM computer, Leaching, Precipitant
Pemisahan Emas Pada PC Mainboard Komputer : Pengaruh Rasio Sampel : HNO3 Dan Jenis Presipitan Esti Rahmat Tini; Yusnimar Yusnimar; Drastinawati Drastinawati
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Gold (Au) has been used widely in the electronics and telecommunications industries. In the Printed Circuit (PC mainboard, the former metal there are approximately 80-1000 ppm Au. In this study Au has been separated from PC Mainboard with treatment variation ratio of the amount of samples and HNO3 (1: 3; 1: 6; and 1: 9 w/v) and the type of precipitants (NaHSO3 and H2C2O4). Gold content was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. For 5 grams PC mainboard sample with a size of 1-10 mm was leaching with HNO 3 at T=70°C for 1 hour, the precipitate formed is separated from the filtrate. Then, the precipitate obtained was leaching with aqua regia at T=70°C for 30 minutes, the precipitate dissolved and further it diluted with aqua DM until it is volume 50 mL. Later, concentration Au is analyzed by AAS and Au are deposited using a precipitant H2C2O4 and NaHSO3. According to the result, content of Au in the PC mainboard is 300 ppm. For 5 grams amount of sample is obtained maximum weight of 2.14 grams Au deposition using H2C2O4 as a precipitant.Keywords: Au, leaching, PC Mainboard, precipitant.

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