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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Sintesis Hidroksiapatit dari Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Kulit Telur Ayam Melalui Proses Hidrotermal Yahya, Muhammad; Azis, Yelmida; Zultiniar, Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 is a calcium phosphate compound which is bioactive ceramic material with high bioafinitas and the principal inorganic constituent of bones and teeth. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) materials used as bone implants, adsorbents and catalysts. In this research synthesis of hydroxyapatite can be made by using material which is rich of CaCO3 like PCC chicken’s egg shell with a composition of 99,45% CaCO3. PCC chicken’s egg shell which has calcium source was synthesized to HAp by hydrothermal process with varied of ratio Ca/P (1,57;1,67;1,77) and reaction temperature (140oC, 160oC, 180oC). HAp synthesized result has been analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of FTIR analysis, synthesis of HAp with hydrothermal method through precipitated calcium carbonat (PCC) showed the formation of hydroxyapatite in the presence of peaks PO43- dan OH-. The highest peak is obtained at reaction temperature 140oC with ratio Ca/P 1,57 and reaction temperature 160oC with ratio Ca/P 1,67. XRD diffraction results in hydroxyapatite get the highest purity obtained at temperature of 160oC at ratio 1,67 with a hexagonal crystal structures. The results of SEM-EDX analysis, show that the morphological form of agglomerates or clumping . The molar ratio of Ca/ P of hydroxyapatite which is made from chicken’s egg shell through the PCC is 1,69.Keywords: PCC Chicken’s Eggs Shell, pH, Temperature, Hydroxyapatite, Hydrothermal Method.
Pengaruh ph Dan Waktu Reaksi Pada Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Dari Tulang Sapi Dengan Metode Presipitasi M Satria Haruda; Ahmad Fadli; Silvia Reni Yenti
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite is a mineral compound with chemical formula CA10 (PO4)6(OH)2 which can be used as implants in the human body. Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized from bovine bones using precipitation method. The aim of this study was to know the effect of pH and time of reaction to the characterization of hydroxyapatite made from using bovine bone. Bovine bones calcined at 1000 ℃ to produce calcium oxide (CaO). Then CaO is dissolved into distilled water and slowly mixed with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and then set the pH 5, 7, 9, 11, and time of reaction 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 minutes. Then allowed to stand 24 hours and the precipitate is filtered. The results calcined sieve then characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM. The effect of pH and time of reaction in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite seen in the XRD analysis showed the higher peaks than the other at the same peaks and the FTIR analysis looks at the increasingly sharp steepness wavelength at PO43- functional groups and OH- when the pH is higher. Based on the results , the hydroxyapatite at pH 11 has a purity of 99.7 % and crystanility of 98.33 % , while the pH 5 has a purity of 97.5 % and crystanility of96.00 %. Time of reaction at 100 minutes showed a purity of 99.8 % and crystanility of 92.82 % and purity of 92.9 % and crystanility of 84.99 % for 20 minutes. .Keywords: hydroxyapatite, pH, precipitation, time of reaction
Pengaruh Ketebalan Koating TiO2 Dan Konsentrasi Pelarut Etanol Terhadap Voltase Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Menggunakan Ekstrak Buah Senggani (Melastoma Candidum D. Don) Ranti, Aisyah Dewi; Amri, Amun; Yelmida, Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Solar cell is an active element that converts light energy into electrical energy by photovoltaic effect. Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)is the into third generation that is solar cells. The aims of this study is to determine the effect of TiO2 layer thickness and the concentration of ethanol to the DSSC voltage. The study began by making a dye solution of 20 grams of Senggani dissolved in methanol, acetic acid and distilled water. FTO glass coating was then performedusing TiO2 that was dissolved in ethanol, then deposited by spin coating and sintering method using furnace. The next step was the manufacture of electrolytic solution, a carbon electrode manufacture and assembly of DSSC. The test results using a UV-Vis absorbance showed that the dye solution containing anthocyanin at 520 nm absorption. DSSC was achieved the higher voltage due the thickness of TiO2. The best result (0.9524 Volt / cm2) by variation of TiO2thickness (≈ 387 m) with ethanol absolute (without dilution). XRD test showed that TiO2 anatase was anatase phase. The morphology test show that the coating of TiO2 with ethanolsolvent have a particles size than coating with distilled water solvent. The adhesion test showed the adhesion coating on the FTO glass was at good qualifications 2B.Keywords: DSSC, FTO glass, TiO2 coating thickness, TiO2
Pembuatan Trikalsium Fosfat Berpori Menggunakan Metode Protein Foaming-Consolidation Abdul Rasyid; Ahmad Fadli; Fajril Akbar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Protein foaming-consolidation method is a technique for production of porous tricalcium phosphate (TCP) using egg yolk as pore creating agent. The purpose of this research was to investigate slurry composition and sintering temperature effect on physical, chemical and mechanical properties of porous TCP and characterizing porous TCP as bones implant. This research start by mixing TCP powder,egg yolk, sago powder and Darvan 821A. The slurries were mechanical stirred at 150 rpm for 3 hours. Then, the slurries were casted in a cylindrical stainless stell mold and heated at 180°C for 1 hour. Subsequently, dried samples were demolded and burned at 600°C for 1 hour. For the final steps, samples were sintered at 1000, 1100 and 1200°C for 1 hour. The compressive strength of porous bodies obtained from this research was 2.29-23.78 MPa with 19.10-71.36% porosity and density worth at 0.899 - 2.557 g/cm3. Keyword : tricalcium phosphate, egg yolk, porosity, density, compressive strength
Perbandingan Biodiesel Hasil Transesterifikasi Minyak Biji Kepayang (Pangium Edule Reinw) Dengan Katalis NaOH Dan H-Zeolit
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel produced from vegetable oils or animal through a transesterification reaction with the aid of a catalyst. One of the sources of vegetable oils that have the potential to be developed in Indonesia as biodiesel is oil seed kepayang, plant kepayang is a crop which is used as a cooking oil replacement for coconut oil and also as a raw material alternative biodiesel production, in which the seeds have an oil content enough high. Kepayang oil yield ranged from 46.43 to 51.81% w / w with the method of extraction solvent n-hexane (Ayu, 2008). This study aimed to compare the results of the transesterification reaction by using two different catalysts are NaOH (Homogeneous Catalysts) and H-zeolite (Heterogeneous Catalysts). And this study aims to create biodiesel from the seeds kepayang, studying the influence of the amount of catalyst NaOH and H-zeolite (1%, 2%, 3%) of the amount of biodiesel produced, studied the effect of mole ratio of methanol-oil (3: 1, 6: 1, 9: 1) to the amount of biodiesel produced and identify the characteristics of biodiesel from oil seeds kepayang. Maximum biodiesel yield is 31.0% obtained in the condition of the methanol-oil mole ratio 3: 1 with the use of 1% H-zeolite catalyst. Characteristics of biodiesel from the seeds drunk with H-zeolite catalyst has acid number of 0.67 mg-KOH / g, density of 879 kg / m3, viscosity of 5.87 mm2 / s and consists of 3.42% methyl palmitate, methyl linoleic 11.98 %, 16.90% methyl oleate and methyl steareat 2%. While the highest yield is 17.4% NaOH catalyst with methanol-oil mole ratio of 3: 1 and the catalyst 1%. With the characteristics of biodiesel have acid number of 0.50 mg-KOH / g, density of 860 kg / m3, viscosity of 3.42 mm2 / s and consists of methyl palmitate 3.72%, 12.49% methyl linoleic, oleic methyl 18.94% and steareat 1.94%.Keywords: biodiesel, kepayang seed oil, catalysts NaOH and H-Zeolite
Sintesis Membran Selulosa Asetat Untuk Desalinasi Air Payau Vany Silvia; Jhon Armedi Pinem; Rozanna Sri Irianty
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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One of energy that can be used to produce pure water in coastal areas of Riau is using cellulose acetate membrane. Raw material used in this experiment is a cellulose acetate, acetone and formamide. This research aims to make cellulose acetate membrane for brackish water treatment process into pure water with cellulose acetate variations of 16%,17%,18%,19% and 20% and operating pressure is 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 bar. The results obtained are greater then the composition of the cellulose acetate will be smaller flux produced and greater the rejection is generated. The greater the operating pressure, the greater the flux obtained and smaller the rejection obtained.Keywords : cellulose acetate, flux, membrane,rejection
Sintesis Katalis Basa Na2SiO3/Fe3O4 Untuk Reaksi Transesterifikasi Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) Menjadi Biodiesel Tarsensius Wabady Happy Limbong; Edy Saputra; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Abstract

This research aims to derive biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) through transesterification using heterogeneous base catalyst Na2SiO3/Fe3O4. Catalyst Na2SiO3/Fe3O4 was synthesized from fly ash palm oil, sodium hydroxide, and iron powder. Tranesterification operated under reaction temperature is 60°C (±2) for 2 hours, with stirring 300 rpm. The highest yield of biodiesel is 95.83% under the transesterification methanol/WCO molar ratio 1:10, loading catalyst 3%-w. Density (40°C) of biodiesel is 886.85 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity (40°C) is 5.87 mm2/s, flash point is 204°C, acid value is 0.74 mg-KOH/g-biodiesel, and water content is 0.36%.Keyword: Biodiesel, Esterification, Catalyst, Transesterification, WCO.
Sintesa Surfaktan Ramah Lingkungan Metil Ester Sulfonat Dari Palm Oil Methyl Ester Menggunakan Natrium Metabisulfit Dan Katalis Aluminium Oksida Suhendri Suhendri; Nirwana Nirwana; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Surfactants is surface active agents that can reduce interfacial tension between the two materials in the form of liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, or liquid-gas. Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) is one type of anionic surfactant which has advantages in terms of detergency, resistant to hardness, renewable and eco-friendly. Methyl Ester Sulfonate produced by the process of sulfonation between Palm Oil Methyl Ester (POME) and sulfonation agent sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5) with a catalyst of aluminum oxide (Al2O3). This study aims to make a methyl ester sulfonate by using variations mole ratio and reaction time. Sulfonation process was performed using palm oil methyl ester and sulfonation agent sodium metabisulfite Compounds with variations mole ratio of 1:0.5; 1:1; 1:1.5 and variation reaction time 3; 4.5 and 6 hours. The catalyst was aluminum oxide 1% w/w POME. Sulfonation process was in 100 °C with 450 stirring speed. After a reaction time had been reached, the product was washed by water and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The result showed the best products on the use the mole ratio of 1:1.5 with a reaction time of 4.5 hours. analysis of physical-chemical properties of products shows that the MES pH value of 2.80, the density of 0.8736 g/mol, 2.1244 cp viscosity, surface tension decrease of 25.10 dyne/cm of 71.40 dyne/cm to 46.30 dyne/cm, decrease interfacial tension of water - xylene of 6.80 dyne/cm of 35.80 dyne/cm 29.00 dyne/cm with a value of 88.33% emulsion stability.Keyword: Anionic Surfactants, Methyl Ester Sulfonate
Pengaruh Variasi kecepatan Putaran Benda Kerja Dan Kedalaman Pemakan Terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Proses Gerinda Silinderis Baja Aisi 4140 Menggunakan Media Pendingin (Coolant Campuran Minyak Sawit Dan Calcium Hypochlorite) Arief, Dodi Sofyan
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Selection of the appropriate grinding parameters are needed and grinding parameters that affect the quality of surface roughness such as rotation speed grinding machines, the speed of rotation of the workpiece using the coolant medium is coolant mixture is in the form of palm oil additives RBDO with calcium hypochlorite. Coolant mixture is obtained based on the results of research that has been done by Buma in 2014. This study used three variations of round rotation workpieces are low speed (83 rpm), medium speed (194 rpm) and high speed (304 rpm). Likewise with varying depth of cut is 0.005 mm, 0.010 mm, 0.015 mm. This test is a variation on the round grinding machine and workpiece feeds depth very big influence on the surface roughness. In this case can be concluded that the greater the level of rotational speed of the workpiece and the depth of feeds, then the smaller the surface roughness value is in the variation of the rotational speed of the workpiece at a speed of 304 rpm with a depth of 0.015 mm Ingestion is worth 0.84 μm. The lower level of the rotational speed of the workpiece and the depth of feeds, the greater the surface roughness value is in the variation of the rotational speed of the workpiece at a speed of 83 rpm with a depth of 0,005 mm Ingestion is worth 2.43 μm.Keywords: Surface roughness, Grinding machine, Depht of feeds and Depht of cut
Pembuatan Scaffold Trikalsium Fosfat Berpori Menggunakan Metode Protein Foaming-Consolidation Dengan Variasi Waktu Dan Temperatur Pengeringan Gede Indra Ludy Wirata; Ahmad Fadli; Fajril Akbar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is a ceramics material which is widely used for bone subtitude. Protein foaming-consolidation method is a technique for production of porous tricalciumphosphate (TCP) using egg yolk as pore creating agent. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of time and drying temperature effect on physical, chemical and mechanical properties of porous TCP and characterizing porous TCP as bones implant. This research start by mixing TCP powder, sago powder, Darvan 821A and egg yolk. The slurries were mechanical stirred at 150 rpm for 3 hours. Then, the slurries were casted in a cylindrical stainless stell moldand heated at 160oC, 180°C and 200oC for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes. Subsequently, dried samples were demolded and burned at 600°C for 1 hour.,For the final steps,samples were sintered at 1150oC for 1 hour. The results of porous TCP from this research was 45.90-61.70% for porosity, the density was 1.20-1.72 g/cm3 and the compressive strength was 8.04-8.64 Mpa.Keyword : tricalcium phosphate, egg yolk, porosity, density, compressive strength

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