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INDONESIA
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Produksi Bioetanol Dari Pati Sorgum Dengan Variasi Penambahan Tween 80 Dan Ekstrak Cordyceps Sinesis Mycelum Novebriantika Novebriantika; Elvi Yenie; Sri Rezeki Muria
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The high dependence on fossil fuels and eco friendly fuel needs cause development of biofuels. Bioethanol is one of the biofuels that lately developed. In this research, theproduction of bioethanol from sorghum starch with the addition of Tween 80 and extract of Cordyceps sinensis mycelium variation as a supplement. The purpose of this study was todetermine the effect of variations in the addition of Tween 80 and extract of Cordyceps sinensis mycelium for the bioethanol yield and determine the effect of variations in thefermentation process time for the bioethanol yield. Sorghum starch was hydrolyzed to produce glucose using alpha amylase and glucoamylase enzyme. After hydrolysis wascomplete, the fermentation process was carried out in a 2L fermenter with variation time of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, variations addition of Tween 80: extract of Cordyceps sinensismycelium were 15 ml: 1.5 g; and 20 ml: 2.0 g. Bioethanol concentration was analyzed by gas chromatography. The addition of tween 80 and extract of Cordyceps sinensis mycelium effect on the activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in converting the sorghum starch into bioethanol, which can preserve viability of cell until the end of fermentation and produced higher ethanol yield. The production of bioethanol from sorghum starch results the best conditions on addition 20 ml of tween 80 and 2.0 grams of extract of Cordyceps sinensis mycelium in 96 hours fermentation time with concentration of bioethanol is 9,15024 mg/ml.Keywords: bioethanol, Cordyceps sinensis mycelium, hydrolysis, sorghum starch, tween 80
Produksi Bioetanol Dari Pati Sorgum Dengan Variasi Penambahan Tween 80 Dan Waktu Fermentasi Santoso Nugroho; Elvi Yenie; Sri Rezeki Muria
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Energy consumption is increasing steadily with the population growth and industrial development. Therefore, a substitute should be found. Bioethanol has been pointed out as asolution for variety complex problems related to energy and environmental issues. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] is considered to be a viable and renewable feedstock forbioethanol production because it high starch contains. The use of tween 80 as a growth supplement can help alter the substrate structure and make it more accessible to enzim, thuscan improve bioethanol yields. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was used to produce bioethanol from sorghum starch using commercial alpha amylase andglucoamylase. The fermentation were done in a 2 L bioreactor in batch mode (T = 20-300C; pH = 4,5). The variabel studied were fermentation time (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) and tween 80(7,5 and 10 ml/l). Bioethanol concentration were analyzed using Gas Ghromatography. The optimum amount of tween 80 to be added was 10 ml/l, which result the highest bioethanolyield 8,74 g/l in 96 h of fermentation.Keywords : bioethanol, tween 80, sorghum starch, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.
Sintesis Bio-Pelumas Dari Minyak Limbah Ikan Patin Dengan Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan Dan Suhu Reaksi Amril, Ari Ridha; Irdoni, Irdoni; Nirwana, Nirwana
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Bio-lubricant synthesis from catfish waste oil is purposed to modify the useless oil to be a bio-lubricant. That function’s is to protect the engine component from wear. Esterification with ethylene glycol toward acid from catfish waste oil hydrolysis with mole ratio 1:4 for 4 hours, with variation of temperature and mixing speed. The waste extracted by rendering, oil’s boiling point is 270oC, the viscosity is 15,69 mPa s. The oil hydrolyzed at 80 oC with adding of HCl concentrated catalyst 0,1% weight/weight for 8 hours and produce the acid. That’s polymerized by adding benzoyl peroxide as 0,2% for 5 hours at 120 oC. Then, polyestherification by adding ethylene glycol in mole ratios of 1:4, for 4 hours at 120 oC, 150 oC, 1800C, and mixing speed at 150 rpm, 180 rpm, and 210 rpm. The resulting has its density, it’s 0,942 gr/m, viscosity is 61,081 mPa.s, flame point is 290,5oC, boiling point is 290 oC with yield of 66,5%. The product has a commercial standard (density is 0,92 gr/ml and viscosity is >41,1 mPa.s). The best result from this research was obtained by mole ratio 1:4 for 4 hours; the mixing speed is 150 rpm at 150oC.Keyword: bio-lubricant, oil of catfish waste
Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Yield Dan Kadar Lignin Pulp Pada Fraksionasi Rumput Perimping Dalam Media Asam Formiat Sherly Oktarizona,; Zulfansyah Zulfansyah; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Perimping grass (Themeda gigantea) is a lignocellulosic biomassa which has not been utilized optimally. Fractionation of perimping grass can be converted into valuable products. The objectives the research is to study the effect of the process condition on pulp yield and lignin content in pulp. The effect of the process conditions were studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Central Composite Design (CCD). Fractionation of perimping grass performed on a normal boiling point of the solution with a concentration of formic acid (60%, 70% and 80%), the reaction time of 60-180 minutes, solid liquid ratio of 10/1-20/1, 40 grams perimping grass, HCl catalyst 0,1% wt. The result shows that fractionation of perimping grass have yield pulp of 43,91% to 59,23% and lignin pulp 3,26% - 13,92%. The concentration of formic acid and reaction time influence each response significantly.Keywords: central composite design, formic acid, fractionation of biomass, perimping grass, response surface methodology
Penggunaan NI/NZA Sebagai Katalis Pada Proses Hidrodeoksigenasi Pirolisis Kulit Pinus (Pinus Merkussi Menjadi Bio-Oil Anna Apryana; Syaiful Bahri; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Dependence on fossil fuels as an energy source brings us to the energy crisis. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce human dependence on non-renewable energy. One of them is to produce bio-oil from biomass are processed through hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis technology. One type of biomass that can be used as raw material, namely energy sources pine bark which is a waste of the pine trees. This research aims to produce bio-oil from the bark of pine (pine merkussi) as an alternative fuel, studied the effect of the weight ratio of the catalyst Ni / NZA against biomass, studied the effect of impregnated metal Nickel (Ni) in Natural Zeolite deAluminated (NZA) and characterization of physical properties and the chemistry of the bio-oil is produced. Hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis process is carried out at a temperature of 320 0C, silinap 500 ml, biomass 50 grams with a size of -100 + 200 mesh sieve, catalyst variation Ni / NZA of the biomass of 4%; 6% and 8% by weight and Ni metal impregnation variation of the Natural Zeolite deAluminated (NZA) of 0%; 1%; 2% and 3%. Results of this study produce bio-oil yields the largest on the use of the catalyst Ni / NZA 8% by weight of the metal content of 3% by 70.99%. Characterization of physical properties of bio-oil obtained in the form of density of 0.980 g / ml, 1,590 cSt viscosity, acidity 32.444 mg NaOH / gram sample, a flash point of 40 0C and calorific value of 44.509 MJ / kg. While the characterization of the chemical properties of bio-oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) in the can several dominant chemical components such as acetic acid as much as 34.47%, 3-furaldehyde as much as 13.01%, 2-propanone as much as 12.46%, a 1.2-Ethanediol as much as 9:49% and 2-butanone as much as 6.26%.Keywords: Bio-Oil, Catalyst Ni/NZA, Hydrodeoxygenation Pyrolysis , Pine Bark
Sintesis Fly Ash Yang Diimpregnasi Dengan Na2O Sebagai Katalis Pada Proses Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menjadi Biodiesel S, Prasetyo Arva; Helwani, Zuchra; Saputra, Edy
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Biodiesel is one of renewable energy in Indonesia that have to be development. Biodiesel formed as liquid fuel and has same property with petrodiesel. Biodiesel can be synthesized from off-grade palm oil using Na2O/fly ash as catalyst in transesterification process. Employing fly ash as support in Na2O has a good impact due to provide wide surface of catalyst. In this study aims to see the influence of reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol and oil and concentration of Na2O/fly ash towards biodiesel yield. The process was conducted through reaction of esterification and followed by transesterification reaction. Processing of the data in this study was conducted by response surface methodology (RSM) using Design Expert 7.0 program which is experimental design determined by central composite design (CCD) which consists of three variables. The highest result of biodiesel yield was 81,2% at 60oC reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol : oil 8 : 1 and catalyst concentration of Na2O/fly ash 4%-wt. Biodiesel characteristics such as density, kinematic viscosity, acid value and flash point has been appropriate by Indonesian biodiesel standard. The most significant condition of process affecting the yield of biodiesel was catalyst concentration.Keywords : biodiesel, catalyst, fly ash, off-grade palm oil, transesterification
Penentuan Daya Jerap Karbon Aktif Dari Pelepah Sawit Terhadap Ion Fe (III) Muhammad Amri; Yusnimar Yusnimar; Sri Herlianty
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Waste pollution of heavy metals in the waters continue to rise every year. This can endanger the survival of living creatures that are in the vicinity. One contributor to the heavy metal waste in the waters is the result of discharges of industrial waste. One way to overcome the problem of heavy metal waste in the waters is the adsorption method using activated carbon as adsorbent. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of activated carbon adsorption made from palm fronds to Fe (III). Manufacture of activated carbon from palm fronds, palm fronds initially in carbonation at a temperature of ± 280 0C to produce carbon / charcoal. Carbon generated at screening with a particle size of -100 + 200 mesh, then the activation by the chemical variation of the concentration of the activator Na2CO3 4%, 5% and 6% w/v, and carbon also in activation of physics with an activation temperature variation 300 0C, 500 0C and 700 0C. Activated carbon produced in the characterization includes: moisture content, ash content and adsorption of I2, and the data that was obtained in comparison with Standard SNI 06-3730-95. Activated carbon adsorption capability of the ion Fe (III) is determined at various concentrations 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L. Based on the results of the characteristics of activated carbon meet ISO standards 06-3730-95, while the activated carbon adsorption capacity of the ion Fe (III) the maximum is activated carbon in the activation of physics at the activation tempetatur 700 0C, for the ion concentration of Fe (III) 80 mg/L, the activated carbon adsorption capacity is equal to 5,872 mg Fe (III)/gr activated carbon. Keywords : Activation , Activated Carbon, Ion Fe (III)
Penggunaan Na2O/Fly Ash Sebagai Katalis Pada Tahap Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menjadi Biodiesel Jhon Fery Marihot Tua S; Zuchra Helwani; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Biodiesel production from the vegetable oil using homogenous catalyst has disadvantage in the product separation and negative environmental impact. Biodiesel synthesis from off-grade palm oil using Na2O/Fly ash solid base catalyst is good to simplify the separation process and the utilization of fly ash as palm oil mill waste tp support the Na2O basic site. Biodiesel production aims in this study is to see the influence of reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol and oil and concentration of Na2O/fly ash towards biodiesel yield. The process was conducted through reaction of esterification and followed by transesterification reaction. Processing of the data in this study was conducted by response surface methodology (RSM) using Design Expert 7.0 program which is experimental design determined by central composite design (CCD) which consists of three variables. The highest result of biodiesel yield was 77,33% at 60oC reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol : oil 8 : 1 and catalyst concentration of Na2O/fly ash 4%-w. Biodiesel characteristics like as density, kinematic viscosity, acid value and flash point has been appropriate by Indonesian biodiesel standard. The most significant process condition affecting the yield of biodiesel was catalyst concentration.Keywords: biodiesel, fly ash, off-grade palm oil, solid base catalyst
Pengaruh Molaritas Dan Jumlah Pencelupan Pada Sintesis Copper-Cobalt Oksida Berbasis Nitrat Di Atas Substrat Aluminium Sebagai Solar Selective Absorber Dengan Metode Sol-Gel Dip Coating Muhammad Iqbal; Amun Amri; Ahmad Fadli
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Key component that determining the efficiency of a solar thermal collector is a thin layer on the surface of the collector that absorbs solar radiation selectively and convert it into heat energy or commonly called solar selective absorber (SSA). Solar selective absorber can be synthesized using sol-gel dip coating method. The purpose of this research is to know the effect variation molar of copper nitrate-cobalt nitrate and number of dipping-drying cycles to absorptance copper-cobalt coating. Pieces of aluminum with size 2x4 cm were cleaned using a solution of phosphoric acid 10% wt at temperature ±50oC for 10 minutes. Sol precursor prepared by mixing copper nitrate and cobalt nitrate in ethanol and the addition of propionic acid as a catalyst and complexing agent. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The coating were synthesized by varying molar percursors (ratio 1:1) 0.1M, 0.25M, 0.4M and number of dipping-drying cycles 1x, 2x, 3x, 4x, 6x, 8x and 10x, then annealed at temperature 550 oC for 1 hour. Reflektance spectra in the area of UV-Vis-NIR show that increased cycles of dipping-drying cycles (which increases the thickness of the coating) increase the value of absorptance (α), as well as the increase in the concentration of sol precursors. The results showed that the highest absorptance value found in coatings which was synthesized using mixture copper nitrate and cobalt nitrate molar variations 0.1 M at 10x cycles (dyeing and drying) with absorptance (α) = 88.69%. Further characterization showed emitance values (ε) = 12.9%. Morphological analysis showed that the surface structure of the coating was composed of nanometer-sized particles that form the porous structure. XRD analysis showed there was no change of formed crystal structure of copper oxide and cobalt oxide by increasing temperature. Adhesion test showed the adhesi between the coating and the substrate can be categorized as very strong (5B scale ASTM D 3359)Keywords : aluminum, coating, solar selective absorber and sol-gel dip coating
Pembuatan Prototip Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Berbasis Zat Warna Buah Senduduk (Melastoma Malabathricum L.) : Pengaruh Suhu Sintering TiO2 Dan Konsentrasi Elektrolit Wilda Zakiah; Amun Amri; Ahmad Fadli
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Increasing demand of energy consumption enforces the development of alternative energy source to solve the world energy crisis. Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSCC) is a promising alternative for solar cell application of future generation which is based in semiconductors that utilizes photoelectrochemical phenomenon as basic principle to generate electricity. This research tries to make DSSC prototype with dye from melastome fruit (Melastoma Melabathricum L.). The examined variables are TiO2 sintering temperature at 300oC, 350oC, 400oC, and electrolyte concentration 0.025M, 0.05M and 0.075M of iodine. On the first step, the dye was made by diluting 20 gr of melastome fruit in aquadest, methanol, and acetic acid. Next, the coating of TiO2 by solving TiO2 powder in ethanol and deposited on spin coater and sintered by using furnace. Then the making of carbon electrode, making of electrolyte, and finally characterization of DSSC. UV-Vis spectroscopy examination result showed that melastome fruit contains anthocyanin that was proved from absorbance on wavelength of 515 nm. DSSC voltage examination showed that the higher TiO2 sintering temperature and electrolyte concentration, then the voltage generated was higher as well. The highest voltage was showed on sample with iodine electrolyte concentration of 0,075 M which is 2,385 Volt/cm2. Morphollogy test showed that TiO2 coating has porous structure with equal particle dispersion on every increment of TiO2 sintering temperature. XRD examination showed that the coating is in anatase phase and adhesion test showed that DSSC with highest voltage has adhesivity of 3B (Good).Key Word : dye sensitized solar cell (dssc), dye, electrolyte, tio2

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