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Dr. Wening Udasmoro, M.Hum, DEA
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Poetika: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 23385383     EISSN : 25034642     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v2i2.10445
Core Subject : Humanities, Art,
Arts Humanities
POETIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra publishes academic articles within the scope of literary criticism (limited to poem, prose, drama, oral tradition, and philology). The articles cover the form of a result on specific analysis; academic reports; closed reading; and the application of certain theories to enrich literary study.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Sastra dan Teori Sastra
Articles 186 Documents
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Women in Novels Regarding Japanese Occupation: A Study of the Sociology of Literature Ahmad Bahtiar; Gunta Wirawan; Hilmiyatun Hilmiyatun; Kundaru Saddhono
POETIKA Vol 11, No 1 (2023): Issue 1
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v11i1.68085

Abstract

The Japanese occupation government in the Indonesia carried out propaganda using various media, including literature. The propaganda often depicts the condition of women at that time. This study examines the picture of women in the Japanese occupation that has been reflected in four novels published in two eras: during and after the Japanese occupation. Novels published during the Japanese occupation were Palawidja by Karim Halim and Cinta Tanah Air by Nur Sutan Iskandar. Meanwhile, the novels published after the Japanese occupation were Dan Perang pun Usai by Ismail Marahimin and Kembang Jepun by Remy Sylado. The novels were approached by the sociology of literature by Alan Swingewood and Diana Laurenson. The research prove that the four novels have a different picture of women in the Japanese occupation. Women in novels written during the Japanese occupation are described as having a fate full of suffering, for example, in the novels Kembang Jepun and Dan Perang pun Usai. Meanwhile, women in novels written after the Japanese occupation are described as having a luckier fate, as seen in Palawidja and Cinta Tanah Air. These depictions came to differences in the activities, authorship background, and time interval of the writing of the four authors. 
A Genetic Structuralism Analysis of Materialism in Frances Hodgson Burnett’s A Little Princess Nurul Berlian Aisyah Sakinah; Dina Dyah Kusumayanti
POETIKA Vol 11, No 1 (2023): Issue 1
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v11i1.77973

Abstract

Although the Industrial Revolution in Britain’s Victorian era contributed significantly toward Britain’s development, it also led to the emergence of materialism issues in society. This research aims to identify how materialism was constructed and to reveal the worldview on materialism expressed in A Little Princess (2017). Goldmann’s Genetic Structuralism is operated in this qualitative research. The results indicate that the materialism issue brought some adverse impacts or social problems, such as the division of social classes, the social gap between the upper, middle, and working classes, and child labor in the Victorian age. Besides, the worldview of Burnett’s social group resisted materialism by delineating these social issues and a binary opposition between a materialistic character shown by Miss Minchin and a non-materialistic character presented by Sara. Through the binary opposition, Burnett wanted readers to be aware of the negative impacts of practicing materialistic traits such as possessiveness, envy, and non-generosity. Possessiveness is shown by Miss Minchin's desire and attitude to retain all of Sara’s luxury stuff. Envy appears in Miss Minchin's envy of Sara’s wealth and prosperity. Non-generosity as Miss Minchin hard to donate her possessions or do charity. As a human fact product, A Little Princess can be interpreted as a view to getting a better life for poor child workers at that time.
Towards a Morphology of Critique: An Attempt to Classify Approaches to Literary Criticism Martin Suryajaya
POETIKA Vol 11, No 1 (2023): Issue 1
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v11i1.79438

Abstract

This study examines the possibility of classifying approaches to literary criticism so that each critical position can be mapped to other critical positions. This article is not an application of a literary criticism approach to reading a particular literary work but an attempt to map the relationships between approaches to literary criticism so that the issues raised here are theoretical and methodological rather than practical. This research offers another alternative: a comprehensive and valuable classification can be obtained by classifying the formal elements of reading practice rather than the theme. The method used here is a morphological study in the spirit of Vladimir Propp (2009) applied to the modality of reading to overcome the limitations of thematic classification offered by M.H. Abrams (1971), Northrop Frye (2007), Yoseph Yapi Taum (2017), and Vincent B. Leitch (Veeser, 2021). Through a formal study of reading modalities (coverage, access relation, and semantic modality), a classification of critical approaches is obtained, modelled in the axis of reading: the axis of depth, width, and distance by which the critics approach the literary phenomena. Based on that model, the entire approach to literary criticism can be classified into eight octants of the cube of reading: narrow–close–surface reading, narrow–close–deep reading, narrow–distant–deep reading, narrow–distant–surface reading, wide–close–surface reading, wide–close–deep reading, wide–distant–deep reading, and wide–distant–surface reading. Each approach is positioned relationally with other approaches in the cube of reading, so the space for dialogue and comparison is always wide open. By demonstrating the morphological relationships between critical approaches, this research opens new possibilities for interpreting each critical position as a liminal one so that each position is always related to and transformed into another.
Human-Elf Marriage as Formula in Popular Fantasy Mahardhika Kusumo Simbolon
POETIKA Vol 11, No 1 (2023): Issue 1
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v11i1.80952

Abstract

Understanding how stories of human-elf marriages are portrayed is very crucial because such stories can influence the public’s opinion regarding people who claim to have such relationships. Therefore, a study on human-elf marriage as a formula in popular fantasy contributes to a better understanding of the function and role of popular fantasy in society. Using Cawelti’s theory of formula (Cawelti, 1977) as starting point, this study tries to see how human-elf marriage as a formula may be portrayed differently in English fantasy works and popular Javanese stories. Several English fantasy works are presented as data for this study, along with Javanese stories collected from social media, television, and the box office that have strong influences from urban legends. Stories from the Arabian peninsula are also considered for their strong affinity to the predominantly Islamic society of Java. Miles & Huberman (1992) qualitative methods are applied interactively and continuously to optimize the data collection and analysis. The analysis shows that the portrayal of marriages between humans and Other beings, such as elves, fairies, or jinns, hugely depends on the manner of the depiction of Other beings involved. The elves of Tolkien are strongly associated with the heavenly light that humans long for, while the jinns in the Islamic and Javanese traditions are generally considered bearers of turmoil in human society. Consequently, the human-elf marriages of Tolkien are celebrated. All kinds of contact between humans and the jinns, however, fairy-like they may be, are avoided and even condemned in Javanese stories. This conclusion confirms that the formula in popular fantasy serves as both an endorsement or a condemnation of certain notions a particular society upholds.
Queens in Folklores as Representation of Indonesian Feminism Wiyatmi Wiyatmi
POETIKA Vol 11, No 1 (2023): Issue 1
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v11i1.81810

Abstract

The view that the patriarchic system has dominated human life is untrue. Evidence has been found that, in the history of human civilization, women have been raised to the royal throne and ruled a kingdom. The existence of a queen has also been found in folklore in Indonesia. Using the qualitative research design with the perspectives of feminist literary criticism, the present study analyzes four folklore titles with a queen as the main character, such as: (1) The Legend of the Hermitage of Queen Kalinyamat, (2) Queen Kencanawungu, (3) Madam Undang Beautiful Queen from Kupang Island, and (4) The Legend of Princess Rengganis. Findings show no gender bias in the transfer of the royal inheritance or in choosing the successor of the royal throne in some kingdoms of regions in Indonesia. The crowning of a new ruler is more based on kinship and leadership qualities. This research also shows that before the emergence and development of feminism in the West, it has been existed in the archipelago, which can be called Indonesian feminism, i.e, feminism that gave women rights and voices not only in the domestic sphere but also in the public sphere, as a queen whose power was recognized. 
Mobility in a Stationary Place: Labor and Ethical Conditions in the Philippine BPO Industry in Glen Diaz's The Quiet Ones Honeylet Alerta
POETIKA Vol 11, No 1 (2023): Issue 1
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v11i1.82320

Abstract

All over the world, Business Processing Outsource (BPO) companies have been set up to provide services that would enable utmost efficiency to business-related work operations.  BPOs have been fertile ground for dreams of mobility and freedom for their employees. Illustrative is the 2017 Philippine novel in English, The Quiet Ones by Glenn Diaz, which frames the lives of call center agents who steal from the multimillion-dollar American-based BPO company and remain remorseless even after they have been caught for the crime. The novel narrates how the contemporary lives of Filipinos are drastically shaped by their experience of working as call center agents, highlighting their various unethical ‘traversals’ behind the stationary façade of the industry in order to escape from their sense of disempowerment. This paper would like to show how the novel’s depiction of the BPO industry's shrinking physical and imagined spaces, protocols in customer service, and its bureaucracy are symptomatic of the call center agents’ obsession, psyche, and modes of surviving the system. To do that, careful attention will be given to the portrayal of the experience of the physical, representational, and mobile practices in the BPO industry. While the BPO industry plays an essential role in the economic progress of the Philippines, it has also affected the material and mobile conditions of Filipino call center agents, as they follow a business model of efficacy aligned with the larger scheme of global capitalism. Such efficacy is underpinned by a kind of ‘modern’ ethics specific to the BPO call centers concretizing the betrayal of globalization's promise of proper mobility and freedom as embodied by the infrastructure of the call center offices shaping the superstructural official practice and ‘call center culture.’
Hereditary Tradition: Analyzing Connections among Detective Depictions in Texts by Poe, Doyle, and King using Harold Bloom’s Revisionary Ratios Theory Zahroh, Adiba Qonita
POETIKA Vol 11, No 2 (2023): Issue 2
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v11i2.84534

Abstract

There has been a longstanding debate about the origin of detective fiction, with most recognizing Poe as its pioneer. However, there remains a need to comprehensively analyze the literary influence that spans across generations in detective fiction. This research introduces a comprehensive analysis of the literary influence that spans across generations in detective fiction, shedding light on the intricate web of connections between Edgar Allan Poe, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and Laurie R. King. Central to this investigation is the application of Harold Bloom’s theory of revisionary ratios, which serves as an invaluable analytical framework. Through the application of Harold Bloom’s theory of revisionary ratios, this research provides a comprehensive exploration of the enduring significance of intertextuality in shaping the detective fiction landscape. It underscores the intricate web of influences that connect Poe’s pioneering works with subsequent narratives by Conan Doyle and King. Having the enduring significance of intertextuality that shapes the detective fiction landscape, this study still offers a novel perspective on the genre’s dynamic evolution. The method involves a detailed review of revisionary ratio concepts and their implications for understanding complex literary works more thoroughly. The result reveals the enduring significance of revisionary ratios in understanding the complexities of literary works, with Edgar Allan Poe’s influence resonating in subsequent detective stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Laurie R. King.
Understanding Intersectionality through Tequila Leila’s Experience in 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in this Strange World (2019) Wandira, Diah Putri Ayu; Datau, Rizal Octofianto; Wulan, Nur
POETIKA Vol 11, No 2 (2023): Issue 2
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v11i2.86712

Abstract

The article aims to explore intersectionality and its societal impact on the characters as portrayed in Elif Shafak’s 10 Minutes 38 Seconds In This Strange World (2019). This issue was extensively discussed to comprehend the representation of gender inequality and patriarchy in the story. Although the text has been the subject of discussion among a limited number of scholars, the novelty of this study lies in its adoption of a theoretical perspective that has not been utilized previously, specifically Kimberly Crenshaw’s framework of intersectionality. Methodologically, this qualitative study identified and collected the primary data from the text by selecting direct and indirect quotations relevant to the issue discussed. This approach was complemented by secondary sources from previous and related studies which were drawn from books and journal articles. Having analyzed the text by applying Crenshaw’s theory of intersectionality, the authors found that Shafak represented gender inequality and patriarchy in Turkey as a hegemonic and systematic belief. The text also discovered that the perpetuation of the patriarchal system, rooted in the practices frequently justified by religious rhetoric, is effectively prolonged by the continued male dominance in shaping public policies. It also indicates that the main character, Tequila Leila, and the other characters in the story possess overlapping identities, leading to numerous unfortunate experiences. Tequila Leila’s oppressed experiences unveiled the structural and representational intersectionalities.
Sovereign Power and Nuda Vita in Ruta Sepetys’s I Must Betray You: Unveiling the Struggles of Romanian Civilians In 1989 Rizki, Geubrina; Huda, Miftahul; Aziz, Abdul
POETIKA Vol 11, No 2 (2023): Issue 2
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v11i2.87177

Abstract

I Must Betray You (2022), a literary work by Ruta Sepetys, is a touching drawing of the painful experience suffered by Romanian civilians under Nicolae Ceauşescu’s regime in 1989. Through a rich tapestry of policies, regulations, and prohibitions, Ceauşescu bound Romanian life to nuda vita. This study aims to analyzes how Ruta Sepetys’ I Must Betray You illustrated the sovereign power that restrains Romanian civilians’ lives and how the civilians detached from nuda vita and the sovereign power. It employs a qualitative descriptive approach by drawing on the theoretical framework put forth by Giorgio Agamben. The framework encompasses crucial concepts such as sovereign power, the state of exception, and nuda vita. Notably, the sovereign power represents an authority to create laws but remains unbound. The state of exception refers to a blurred zone of “law and life”. Besides, nuda vita embodies the condition in which an individual’s life is vulnerable to death without being considered a sacrifice. The study reveals two primary findings. First, restrict any criticism directed at Ceauşescu, exiting Romania, gathering in groups of more than three individuals, engaging in conversations with foreigners, possessing typewriters, and many other prohibitions. The authorities also exercised rigid control over civilians’ basic needs, from access to electricity to food, and imposed strict laws. The sovereign power restrained Romanian civilians’ lives through various methods to instill fear, such as utilizing Phillips, i.e., tapping devices, widely spread within households. Second, the civilians’ revolts against the sovereign power and nuda vita were manifested through strategies like adopting a double-agent role, utilizing knowledge as propaganda, and building allies with soldiers. The novelty of this study proposes a path towards detachment from the sovereign power and nuda vita, particularly relevant to contemporary debates.
Romantic Primitivism and Literary Neocolonialism in Camara Laye’s Novel L’Enfant Noir Panuntun, Ari Bagus; Osmani, Lysa
POETIKA Vol 11, No 2 (2023): Issue 2
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v11i2.87730

Abstract

The article examines the depiction of romantic primitivism in Camara Laye’s novel L’Enfant noir (The Dark Child) and the phenomenon of literary neocolonialism behind its publication. L’Enfant noir is a novel published when Guinea was still under French colonization in the 1950s. It tells the story of a happy black child growing up in the middle of a beautiful Guinean countryside, that was completely untouched by the atrocities of colonialism. Upon its publication by Plon, a French publishing house, the novel received different responses from African and European readers. In Africa, it was perceived as turning a blind eye to the cruelty of colonialism. However, in Europe, it was showered with praise and it even received a prestigious literary award. To examine this phenomenon, this article analyzes the novel both intrinsically and extrinsically. Intrinsically, it uses the theory of romantic primitivism to analyze how the novel romanticizes the lives of African indigenous people constrained by colonialism. Extrinsically, it discusses the phenomenon of literary neocolonialism behind the publication of L’Enfant noir. The discussion about literary neocolonialism is divided into two parts. Firstly, it addresses the historical analysis of Plon’s publishing house, its relations with the French power, and the political interests underpinning the novel’s publication. Secondly, it highlights the strategy the publisher uses to accentuate exoticism in the novel’s peritext to market the book in Europe. The novelty of this article lies in its discovery of the elements of romantic primitivism found in the novel while it also proves that literary neocolonialism towards L’Enfant noir persists to this day.

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