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Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal
Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
ISSN : 1410394X     EISSN : 24608203     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31315
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Eksergi is an open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on research and innovation in the fields of energy and renewable energy. The journal aims to provide a platform for scientists, researchers, engineers, and practitioners to share knowledge and advancements that contribute to sustainable development and energy transition. In addition to energy topics, the journal also accepts high-quality manuscripts related to, but not limited to, the following areas: Separation processes Bioprocesses related to food, energy, and environmental applications Wastewater treatment and resource recovery Process optimization and intensification Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) Chemical reaction engineering and reactor design Life cycle assessment (LCA) and sustainability evaluation Process Design and Control Engineering Process Simulations Process System Engineering The journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, and short communications that demonstrate novelty, scientific rigor, and relevance to chemical engineering and interdisciplinary applications.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 298 Documents
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Kemajuan Terkini dalam Ekstraksi Senyawa Bioaktif dari Biji-Bijian (Review) Mahreni Mahreni; Renung Reningtyas; Mifta Aulia Ikhsan
Eksergi Vol 21 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v21i2.12496

Abstract

Pertambahan populasi dunia dan masalah lingkungan merupakan isu yang terus berkembang dan memerlukan solusi. Pertambahan populasi dunia harus di ikuti dengan penyedian pangan seperti karbohidrat, protein dan lemak yang mencukupi. Isu lingkungan memerlukan proses penyediaan pangan yang hijau dan berkelanjutan. Dalam makalah ini membahas proses ekstraksi hijau menggunakan enzim sebagai usaha untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dengan meminimasi dampak kesehatan dan lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan pelarut organik seperti yang digunakan di dalam ekstraksi konvensional. Bahasan meliputi review kemajuan terkini ekstraksi padat cair, keuntungan dan kelemahan ekstraksi konvensional dan ekstraksi enzimatis, dasar pemilihan enzim, dan peranan enzim dalam proses ekstraksi padat-cair. Data diperoleh dari hasil review jurnal yang membahas mengenai ekstraksi padat-cair baik ekstraksi konvensional dan ekstraksi modern saat ini yang fokus pada ekstraksi menggunakan enzim sebagai alternative untuk menggantikan pelarut organik.
Pengaruh Jenis Pengemban Pada Degradasi Limbah Detergen dengan Menggunakan Reaksi Fenton Heterogen Shinta Amelia; Liya Yusrina Sabila; Mila Utami W; Ida Sriyana; Dita Rahmika Anjarwati
Eksergi Vol 21 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v21i3.12613

Abstract

Air adalah sumber kehidupan, namun menjadi masalah ketika kualitas dan kuantitasnya tidak sesuai standar. Salah satu penyebab pencemaran air yang perlu diperhatikan adalah limbah detergen yang mengandung Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (ABS) dan Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LAS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi jenis pengemban katalis dalam proses degradasi ABS dan LAS menggunakan reaksi Fenton heterogen. Metode ini dipilih karena menggabungkan proses adsorpsi dan reaksi kimia, sehingga lebih efektif dalam mendegradasi limbah detergen. Prosedur penelitian diawali dengan persiapan katalis melalui pencampuran larutan besi nitrat ke dalam pengemban, lalu dilakukan uji degradasi katalis dengan pengambilan sampel secara berkala. Sampel dianalisis menggunakan metode MBAS SNI 06-6989.51-2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, setelah 180 menit, degradasi ABS dengan karbon aktif mencapai 90,2% dan dengan zeolit 75,5%, sementara degradasi LAS dengan karbon aktif 42,15% dan dengan zeolit 30,85%. Karbon aktif lebih efektif dibandingkan zeolit dalam degradasi ABS dan LAS.
Mix Metal Thermal Stabilizer from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Yona Octavia; I Dewa Gede Arsa Putrawan
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.12656

Abstract

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely utilized material across various fields; however, it is prone to thermal degradation, even at temperatures as low as 70°C. To enhance its thermal stability, the addition of thermal stabilizers is essential. Mixed metal stabilizers are among the most environmentally friendly and effective options, composed of carboxylate acids and a combination of alkaline earth and transition metals. This study aims to synthesize a Ca/Zn-based mixed metal stabilizer using Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD), a locally available raw material with significant potential as a source of carboxylate acid. The synthesized stabilizer, termed "Ca/Zn palmat," utilizes calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn), chosen for their non-toxic properties. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful formation of Ca/Zn carboxylate groups from PFAD. The optimal Ca:Zn ratio was determined to be 4:1, providing a PVC stability time of approximately 15 minutes based on the Congo red test. The ideal stabilizer dosage was found to be 7 phr (parts per hundred resin). Furthermore, the addition of pentaerythritol as a co-stabilizer demonstrated a synergistic effect, significantly enhancing the thermal stability of PVC
Pembuatan Bioplastik Berbahan Dasar Pati Bonggol Jagung dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Jahe, Jeruk Nipis, dan Cengkeh Sebagai Antioksidan Heny Dewajani; Diana Rachmawati; Cicik Berkah Nabilla; Fikrotun Tazkiyah Noviantia
Eksergi Vol 21 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v21i3.12797

Abstract

Pengembangan bioplastik sebagai kemasan merupakan solusi alternatif dalam mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan. Kemasan bioplastik dengan penambahan minyak atsiri sebagai antioksidan dapat menghambat terjadinya oksidasi sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya simpan suatu produk. Pati digunakan pada penelitian ini sebagai matriks penyusun bioplastik yang berasal dari bonggol jagung dengan penambahan gliserol sebagai plasticizer dan carboxymetyl cellulose (CMC) sebagai filler serta ekstrak jahe, jeruk nipis dan cengkeh sebagai zat antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak jahe, jeruk nipis dan cengkeh terhadap sifat kuat tarik, sifat water absorption, sifat biodegradabilitas, dan pengaplikasiannya pada buah dan sayur. Proses pembuatan bioplastik dilakukan menggunakan metode casting yaitu dengan melarutkan pati bonggol jagung dalam aquades dan dipanaskan pada suhu 70°C, kemudian ditambahkan ekstrak jahe, jeruk nipis dan cengkeh dengan variabel 0 (tanpa antioksidan), 5, 10 dan15% dari volume pati dengan penambahan gliserol dan CMC sampai homogen. Selanjutnya larutan dituang dalam cetakan dan dikeringkan. Dari hasil pengujian bioplastik diperoleh nilai water absorption, biodegradabilitas, kuat tarik yang paling baik yaitu pada penambahan ekstrak jahe 15% yaitu sebesar 26,02 %, 96,31%, 11,96 Mpa. Sedangkan untuk kemampuan antioksidan yang baik dengan penambahan ekstrak cengkeh 15% yang memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 31,21 ppm. 
Effect of Immersion Time on CA/NMP Membrane Preparation for Microplastic Separation in Water Annisa Alifia Rahmah; Muhammad Ayub Rifai; Siti Nurkhamidah; Yeni Rahmawati
Eksergi Vol 21 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v21i2.12854

Abstract

Indonesia produces more than 4.8 million tons of plastic waste every year, but it has not been managed properly so that it will end up in Indonesian waters. This plastic waste is then decomposed into microplastics (MPs) which are <5 mm in size. The presence of MPs in Indonesian waters can have a negative impact on living things, so it needs to be separated from the waters. One method that is considered to separate MPs in water is microfiltration using Membrane Technology. This study aims to determine the effect of immersion time on the characteristics and performance of microfiltration membranes. The fabrication of membrane was prepared using phase inversion method, with Cellulose Acetate (CA)/N-Methyl-2Pyrrolidone (NMP) as polymer/solvent and distilled water as non-solvent. Characteristics analysis to determine the hydrophilicity of the membrane such as contact angle, moisture content, porosity and pore size of the membrane. Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM) to determine the surface morphology and structure of the membrane, and analysis of microplastic rejection in water. The results of the characteristic analysis showed that the membrane was hydrophilic with a contact angle in the range of 61-53°, porosity of 80-83%, moisture content of 79-82% and pore size of 8.4-5.8 μm in accordance with the microfiltration membrane, as well as the membrane rejection ability reached 99%. So that membrane technology needs to be developed again to separate MPs in water.
Utilization of Coffee Grounds and Fly Ash as Adsorbents to Reduce Phosphate Content in Laundry Wastewater Yusmardhany Yusuf; Khalaida Fania Fatah; Sinna Chaerunnabila Gunawan; Bambang Soeswanto; Rony Pasonang Sihombing; Alfiana Adhitasari
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.12880

Abstract

Industrial laundry wastewater contains 70-80% phosphate which can cause environmental pollution and trigger the growth of algae blooms or eutrophication if it is discharged into the environment. The adsorption method was chosen to reduce the phosphate content in laundry waste because it is relatively simple and low cost. The adsorbent used can use coffee grounds and fly ash, where coffee grounds have 47.8-58.9%. The composition used for the adsorption process is a ratio of coffee grounds: fly ash (w/w) of 1:0 and 1:1. Contact time in the adsorption process varies between 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes. Based on research results, the best reduction in phosphate levels from laundry waste was 45.88%, where the initial phosphate level in the waste was 10.2 mg/L. Apart from that, the efficiency of reducing COD levels with the best removal efficiency was 80.39% with the initial COD content in the waste being 4080 mg/L. The best composition for testing laundry waste is 1:1 coffee grounds and fly ash (w/w) and the best contact time for testing laundry waste is 150 minutes
Extraction of Avocado Seed Waste as a Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production Mustafa Mustafa; Ahmad Fatrijan Ladien; Balqis Putri Andiani; Desi Riana Saputri; Damayanti Damayanti; Yunita Fahni; Wika Atro Auriyani; Aja Avriana Said; Andri Sanjaya
Eksergi Vol 21 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v21i3.13099

Abstract

The rising interest in sustainable energy sources has spotlighted biodiesel as a promising alternative to fossil fuels. Avocado seed waste, rich in vegetable oil, presents a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. However, optimizing the extraction process to maximize oil yield and quality is crucial. This study addresses the knowledge gap concerning the impact of drying time and solvent type on oil extraction efficiency from avocado seeds. Here, we show the effects of varying drying times (2, 3, and 4 hours) and using two solvents (96% ethanol and isopropyl alcohol) on the oil yield and quality using Soxhlet extraction. Results indicate increased drying time correlates with reduced moisture content, with values of 79.94%, 63.17%, and 47.39% for 2, 3, and 4 hours, respectively. Comparatively, isopropyl alcohol exhibited a higher fatty acid content (0.718%) than 96% ethanol. The density of oil extracted with 96% ethanol (1.34 g/ml) after 3 hours of drying surpassed that of isopropyl alcohol. These findings suggest that drying time and solvent type significantly influence the extraction efficiency and quality of oil from avocado seeds, highlighting their potential as a viable biodiesel feedstock.
Comparison of Different Types of Bleaching Earth on the Quality of Bleaching Palm Oil (BPO) Miftahul Khairati; Apsari Puspita Aini; Enny Nurmalasari; Agung Kurnia Yahya
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.13311

Abstract

Bleaching Earth (BE), primarily derived from Bentonite, is widely used in the bleaching process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Its efficiency depends on the proportions of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, which enable effective pigment absorption. This study evaluates the performance of unmodified Bentonite, nano SiO₂-modified Bentonite, and commercial BE in producing Bleached Palm Oil (BPO). The novelty lies in the nano SiO₂ modification, designed to enhance the structural properties and absorption capabilities of Bentonite. Characterization of BE was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while BPO quality was assessed through parameters like moisture content, acid value, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) levels, (Deterioration of Bleachability Index (DOBI), and β-carotene concentration. The results showed that BPO processed with nano SiO₂-modified Bentonite had the lowest β-carotene concentration (443%) and a DOBI value of 1.453, demonstrating superior bleaching performance compared to unmodified and commercial BE. Other parameters, including FFA levels and moisture content, exhibited minimal variation. Color analysis revealed that BPO processed with nano SiO₂-modified Bentonite achieved a comparable color value (1.5/15) to commercial BE. These findings highlight the potential of nano SiO₂-modified bentonite for improving oil quality by reducing FFA and acid value while maintaining optimal moisture content, offering a novel and effective alternative to unmodified bentonite in oil refining.
Effect of Flow Rate Ratio of Air and Waste Cooking Oil on Combustion Temperature and Furnace Efficiency M. Idris; Martomo Setyawan; Totok Eka Suharto
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.13554

Abstract

Using waste cooking oil as an alternative fuel can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and address the problem of waste oil. This study aims to analyze the effect of the flow rate ratio of air and waste cooking oil on combustion characteristics and efficiency of domestic furnace. The experiment started with fuel characterization, including density, viscosity, flash point, and calorific value tests. The combustion process was carried out by varying the fuel and airflow to the furnace. Experiments included flame temperature measurements, water boiling tests, and measurements of heat uptake efficiency by the pot water. The results showed that the highest combustion temperature of 925.55℃ was achieved at an airflow rate of 21.3 m/s with a fuel flow rate of 1.05 L/hour. The flue gas emission temperature and furnace efficiency increased as the airflow rate and fuel discharge increased. The ratio also produces the fastest water boiling time of 2 minutes with the efficiency of heat uptake by water in the pot of 34.12%. The highest heat uptake efficiency by the water in the pot was obtained at the ratio of used cooking oil discharge of 0.6 L/hour with an airflow rate of 12.1 m/s at 43.12%. These results demonstrate the potential of waste cooking oil as an alternative fuel for efficient domestic combustion devices, with proper air supply to achieve optimal combustion.
Formulating Nutritious Wet Noodles with Spirulina platensis: Exploring Proximate Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Consumer Preferences Resti Nurmala Dewi; Fenny Crista Anastasia Panjaitan; Sumartini Sumartini; Nita Ariestiana Putri
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.13697

Abstract

The incorporation of Spirulina platensis into food products has been extensively explored. In this study, wet noodles were enriched with spirulina at three different concentrations: 1% (P1), 5% (P2) and 10% (P3). Sensory and hedonic evaluations, proximate composition and antioxidant properties were assessed. Overall, formulations P1 and P2 were significantly preferred (p < 0.05) in terms of appearance and aroma compared to the control (P0). Additionally, the texture and taste scores of spirulina-enriched wet noodles were higher (p < 0.05) than those of the control. Among all treatments, P1 emerged as the most favourable formulation (p < 0.05) for aroma, texture, and taste in the hedonic test. Moreover, the spirulina supplementation had significant effect on the protein and fat content (p < 0.05) compared to the control noodles. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the spirulina wet noodles increased in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging activity were 339.749 ppm for the control (P0), and 61.473 ppm, 39.965 ppm, and 27.439 ppm for P1, P2, and P3, respectively. These results suggest that fortifying wet noodles with Spirulina platensis not only improves the sensory attributes but also enhances the nutritional quality and functional value.

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