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INDONESIA
Pelita Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia
ISSN : 02150212     EISSN : 24069574     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebuna
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Pelita Perkebunan, Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal (CCRJ): ISSN:0215-0212 Since its establishment in 1911, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) formerly Besoekisch Proefstation, had published its research findings through a journal call Mededelingen van het Besoekisch Proefstation. Between 1948-1981 the research institute was under the supervision of Bogor Research Institute for Estate Crops, and published its research findings through De Bergcultures which was later changed to Menara Perkebunan. Since the institute held the national mandate for coffee and cocoa commodities, and due to rapid increase in the research findings, ICCRI published its first issue of Pelita Perkebunanjournal in April 1985. Pelita Perkebunanis an international journal providing rapid publication of peer-reviewed articles concerned with coffee and cocoa commodities based on the aspects of agronomy, plant breeding, soil science, crop protection, postharvest technology and social economy. Papers dealing with result of original research on the above aspects are welcome, with no page charge. Pelita Perkebunan is managed by Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), which publish the research findings not only for coffee and cocoa but also other commodities relevant with coffee and cocoa, i.e. shade trees, intercrops and wind breakers.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 27 No 2 (2011)" : 6 Documents clear
The effect of auxin 2,4-D and cytokinin 2-ip on direct somatic embryogenesis formation of Coffea arabica L. leaf explant Rina Arimarsetiowati
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 27 No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v27i2.146

Abstract

One of the propagation technique for coffee plant production is tissue culture. Tissue culture technique for Coffea arabica L. faces some problems, mainly in the planlet formation regenerated from explants. The objective of this experiment was to examine the effect 2,4-D and 2-ip combination on the formation of direct somatic embryogenesis of Coffea arabica L. in leaves explant. Auxin (2,4-D) and cytokinin (2-ip) concentrations of, respectively, 1; 5 µM and 5; 10; 15; 20 were used as treatments. This research was conducted using completely randomized design with 10 replications. Observation to induce somatic embryos was done by quantitatively on number of callus from explant and number of embryogenic callus. Beside that, observation by qualitative descriptive was also done on deve lopment of embryogenesis. The results showed that Arabica coffee leaves explant of AS 2K clones could be induced in all medium combination except 5µM 2,4-D and 20µM 2-ip combination. Arabica coffee leaves explant of S 795, Sigararutang and AS 1 varieties could be induced in all medium combination. The highest frequency of callus formation was found in AS 2K, Sigararutang and AS 1 varieties on medium containing 1µM 2,4-D in combination with 10µM 2-ip, whereas for the S 795 variety on medium containing 5µM 2,4-D in combination with 10µM 2-ip. The highest frequency of embriogenic callus in all Arabica coffee variety could be reached on medium containing 5µM 2,4-D in combination with 15µM 2-ip. Key words : Coffea arabica L., somatic embryogenesis, 2,4-D, 2-ip, tissue culture, leaves, callus embryogenic.
The resistance of cocoa hybrids to vascular-streak dieback Agung Wahyu Soesilo; Indah Anita-Sari
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 27 No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v27i2.147

Abstract

Breeding for VSD resistance on cocoa was carried out by inter-crossing the selected clones of TSH 858, KW 162, KW 163, KW 165, KEE 2, ICS 13 and NIC 7 which were selected based on the criteria of VSD resistance, productivity and cross-compatibility. This research has objective to evaluate hybrids of the crossess for VSD resistance, inheritance of the resistance and selecting the most valuable parental-clones for further crossess. Fourteen hybrids and one control were tested 14 in the randomized-completely block design with 4 blocks where in each plot 16 trees planted at Kaliwining Experimental Station in Jember. The resistance was evaluated in the field by scoring the symptoms in the range of 0—6 at 7 year after planting. The scores were varied significantly among the hybrids in the range of 2.19—4.53. Hybrids which were generated from the crosses of resistant clones performed lower number of the score than the hybrids generated from crosses between two susceptible clones (TSH 858 x NIC 7) which performed highest score. The hybrids classified as resistant were TSH 858 x KW 162 (F1 and reciprocal), KW 162 x KEE 2 (F1 and reciprocal), KW 162 x ICS 13, KW 165 x KEE 2. Of the parental clones, KW 162 is the most promising parent as lower score obtained when used it as male or female compared to KEE 2 which performed quite similar of the score with TSH 858 as susceptible parent. Therefore, it could be supposed that KW 162 has better combining ability than KEE 2 where these resistant-clones showed different segregation of their resistance. The resistance was segregated by KW 162 in term of ratio 15 resistant : 1 susceptible while KEE 2 the ratio 1 resistant: 1 susceptible.Key words: Theobroma cocoa L., hybrid, resistance, vascular-streak dieback.
Viability of post acclimatized plantlets of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) after storage Teguh Iman Santoso; Pudji Rahardjo
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 27 No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v27i2.148

Abstract

This research related to the storage method of planting materials in the form of post acclimatized plantlets of Robusta coffee multiplied by somatic embryogenesis using plastic film that wraped the whole of plantlets. This information is important to support the delivery of clonal planting materials to distribution points, especially Robusta coffee plantlets viability based on condition of the container, storage period and density of plantlets. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, located at 45 m asl. D rainfall type (Schmidt—Ferguson classification). The first experiment determind the effect of container condition and storage duration on viability of Robusta coffee plantlets. Each experimental unit contained 100 plantlets and each treatment was repeated three times with completely randomized design in factorial. The first factor was condition of storage container, i.e. airtight and non air tight. The second factor was storage period levels: 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. The storage container was cardboard volume 11 dm3. The second experiment was conducted for the optimization of storage volume and storage period. Each treatment using 100 plantlets was repeated three times in completly randomized design with factorial. The first factor was storage volume of 7 dm3 and 11 dm3, the second factor was storage period levels: 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. The results indicated that the maximum store period was obtained in an airtight storage treatment with 10 days, 96.3% plantlets viability, 1% fallen leaves, 3.3% water loss and not significantly different to control. For packing 100 plantlets with height 8—10 cm and leaf number 4—6 can use the volume of container store up to 7 dm3, which showed no significant difference to container volume 11 dm3 in the percentage of viability, the percentage of fallen leaves, loss of water. Key words : Robusta coffee, plantlets, storage, condition, period, viability.
Soil chemical properties as affected by plant derived ash to replace potassium fertilizer and its conversion value John Bako Baon; Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 27 No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v27i2.149

Abstract

Potassium chloride (KCl) presently used as main source of K, tends to become more expensive, therefore, there is a need for a breakthrough in finding alternative materials to replace KCl. The aim of this paper is to present recent research on the use of plant derived ash to replace KCl fertilizer, especially in relation with soil chemical characteristics and its conversion value. Plant derived ash coming from palm sugar processing unit which use farm waste as main fuel was used in this experiment. Treatments investigated were no K2O application (control), applied with K2O in forms of both KCl and plant derived ash in dosages of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg kg-1 air dry soil. The mixture of soil with those treatments were then incubated for one year. After incubation period, the soil in pots were divided into two parts, first part was added with 2g urea, while other part was added with 2 g SP 36. Both parts were incubated for two months. Results of this experiment showed that plant derived ash can be used to replaced KCl. To obtain similar soil K content, the amount of K2O in form of plant derived ash needed to be added or its conversion value is 1.44 times the amount of K2O in form of KCl. Use of plant derived ash also increased the content of soil Ca, available P, ratio of Ca/Mg and pH. Plant derived ash did not caused nitrogen loss. Key words: Potassium, fertilizer, plant derived ash, pH, soil.
Development of mathematic model for coffee decaffeination with leaching method Sukrisno Widyotomo; Hadi K. Purwadaria; Atjeng M. Syarief
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 27 No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v27i2.150

Abstract

A simple mathematic model for caffeine kinetic description during the extraction process (leaching) of coffee bean was developed. A non­steady diffusion equation coupled with a macroscopic mass transfer equation for solvent was developed and them solved analytically. The kinetic of caffeine extraction from coffee bean is depend on initial caffeine content, final caffeine content, caffeine content at certain time, mass­transfer coefficient, solvent volume, surface area of coffee beans, process time, radius of coffee bean, leaching rate of caffeine, caffeine diffusivity and a are constan, solvent concentration, activation energy, temperature absolute and gas constant. Caffeine internal mass diffusivity was estimated by fitting the model to an experiment using acetic acid and liquid waste of cocoa beans fermentation. The prediction equation for leaching rate of caffeine in coffee beans has been found. It was found that Dk (m2/sec)=1.345x10­7—4.1638x10­7, and kL (m/sec)=2.445x10­5—5.551x10­5 by acetic acid as solvent depended on temperature and solvent concentration. The prediction equation for length of time to reduce initial caffeine content to certain concentration in coffee beans has been developed, Caffeine diffusivity (Dk) and mass­transfer coefficient (kL) was found respectively 1.591x 10­7—2.122x10­7 m2/sec and 4.897x10­5—6.529x10­5 m/sec using liquid waste of cocoa bean fermentation as solvent which depend on temperature and solvent concentration. Key words: Coffee, caffeine, decaffeination, leaching, mathematic model.
Opportunities for increasing domestic added value ofcocoa through trade regulation Bambang Drajat
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 27 No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v27i2.151

Abstract

The operation of multinational companies on cocoa bean trade in Indonesia related to the liberalization policy on trade and investment in Indonesia permits for multinational companies to operate in Indonesia and liable to buy cocoa bean directly from farmers. The problem encountered is the domestic market liberalization gives rise to changes in market power and results ini the dominant position of multinational companies. This research aimed to (i) analyze the impact of the exercise of market power by cocoa multinational company, (ii) to analyze the possibility of deregulation of cocoa bean domestic trade, and (iii) to estimate the potential increase in added value of cocoa down-stream industry as a result of deregulation. Some steps of research conducted includes (i) desk research, (ii) field survey by interviewing samples of farmers, traders, exporters, processors, as well as other business participants, (iii) special interviews with key persons related to regulation as well as deregulation of domestic trade and down-stream industry development, and (iv) focussed group discussion involving related stakeholders of cocoa. The results showed that the impact of the exercise of market power by multinational companies refers to the decreasing market shares of national companies from 2007 to 2009. Based on the market power domination of multinational companies in one side and the lack of down-stream industry development in the other side, there is a possibility to deregulate the above policy by continuing the new regulation (export tax of cocoa beans, directing multinational exporters toward downstream industry by partnership with domestic-idle capacity processing industry and import tariff escalation for processed cocoa). By the new regulation, the opportunity to increase domestic added value becomes greater. This cocoa down-stream industry development will increase the potential domestic added value at least 10%. Key words : Liberalization, deregulation, cocoa beans, value added, down-stream industry.

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