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Wacana, Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 14110199     EISSN : 23381884     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.wacana
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This journal has a focus on inter and multidisciplinary studies of social sciences and humanities. The scope is the socio-cultural phenomenon, the history, and transformation of society, changes, and stagnation of socio-political institutions, actor orientation, and behavior, the performance of political regimes and socio-economic structures. The scope is not limited by state, nation, temporal duration, certain ideas, and narrow beliefs. This journal is open to various approaches, theories, methodologies, research methods carried out by scientists, academics, researchers and practitioners in the fields and disciplines: economics, social, political science, government studies, international relations, sociology, anthropology, demography, history, religious and cultural studies, philosophy of science, communication science, and development studies.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
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PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH DAN PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN (Studi Kasus Implementasi Proyek Pembinaan Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Dan Nelayan Kecil (P4K) di Kabupaten Jombang) Affandi - -; Sumartono - -; Solichin Abdul Wahab
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 12 No. 1 (2009)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

ABSTRAK   Pentingnya program pemberdayaan dalam rangka menanggulangi kemiskian, salah satunya Program P4K adalah agar lingkaran setan kemiskinan dapat diputus sehingga kemakmuran dan implementasi pembangunan menampakkan hasil yang nyata. Dalam pembangunan di Indonesia, penanggulangan kemiskinan dan pemberdayaan telah dijadikan titik sentral, dimana program tersebut dijalankan secara serentak dan terkoordinir di daerah-daerah yang dikenal dengan kegiatan Pembinaan Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani dan Nelayan Kecil (P4K). Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana implementasi kebijakan pembangunan Pemerintah Daerah (Program P4K) dilaksanakan dalam rangka penanggulangan kemiskinan dan bagaimana pembangunan dalam memberdayakan petani dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan petani serta upaya-upaya dan hambatan-hambatan apa saja yang dihadapi Pemerintah dalam melaksanakan Program P4 dalam rangka penanggulangan kemiskinan di Kabupaten Jombang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan pembangunan (Program P4K) dalam rangka penanggulangan kemiskinan; (2) mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pembangunan dalam memberdayakan petani sehingga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan petani, serta mengetahui upaya-upaya dan hambatan-hambatan pelaksanaan Program P4K dalam rangka penanggulangan kemiskinan di Kabupaten Jombang. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa, Program P4K sebagai upaya pemberdayaan kaum miskin pedesaan dengan pemberian bantuan modal, banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat desa untuk membuka usaha baru dan industri kecil lokal. Keberhasilan Program P4K di Kabupaten Jombang memiliki ciri khas tersendiri, yaitu Program P4K banyak diikuti kaum perempuan petani, sehingga kemampuan petani dalam memanfaatkan dan menyerap dana bantuan P4K sangat tinggi ditunjukkan banyak KPK yang antri untuk memperoleh bantuan atau peningkatan dana bantuan. Orientasi pembangunan dengan tujuan memberdayaakan masyarakat berhasil dengan mempertimbangkan aspek-aspek penting dalam masyarakat. Keberhasilan Program P4K di Kabupaten Jombang tidak lepas dari partisipasi dan komitmen yang tinggi Pemerintah dan Masyarakat untuk melakukan pembinaan terus menerus dan berkelanjutan, di samping aspirasi dan inisiatif masyarakat diutamakan dalam pelaksanaan Program P4K. Inisiatif petani dalam memanfaatkan Program P4K sangat tinggi dengan terbentuknya kelompok-kelompok yang mandiri.   Kata kunci: Kemiskinan, pembangunan daerah ABSTRACT   The importance of empowerment programs in poverty alleviation, as P4K program, is to cut satanic circle of poverty, so prosperous and development implementation can give real result. In Indonesian development, poverty alleviation and empowerment have been the central points, where these programs were implemented simultaneously and coordinated at local areas that known as the Farmer and Fisherman Income Improvement Project (P4K). The research problem is how implementation of the Local Government development policy (P4K) program is implemented in alleviating poverty and how the development in empowering farmer can enhance farmer’s understanding and knowledge, and what efforts and obstacles that faced by local government when implement the program in coping poverty at Jombang Regency. Goals of this research are: (1) to describe and analyze  implementation of  development policy (P4K program) in alleviating poverty, (2) to describe and analyze the development in empowering  farmer so can improve  farmer’s understanding and knowledge and to know efforts and obstacles that faced by local government when  implement the program in alleviating poverty in Jombang Regency. Using qualitative approach, this research conclude that, P4K program as efforts to empower village poor people with giving capital aid, used by villager to establish new business and local industry. The success at Jombang Regency has its own  characteristic, that is, the  program was  participated by women farmer, so farmer’s ability in use and absorbing  P4K aid fund is very high, indicated  by the  queue of KPKs to receive aid fund. Development orientation that aimed at empowering of society is success with consider the society important aspects. Success of the P4K at Jombang Regency are related with the high participation and   commitment of local government and society to establish ongoing and continue founding, beside society aspiration and initiative that given priority in that implementation. Farmer’s initiatives in use P4K program is very high with established of stand alone group.   Keywords: Poverty, local development
PEMBERDAYAAN INSTITUSI LOKAL DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI MASYARAKAT (Studi Implementasi Kebijakan Peningkatan Kualitas Sumberdaya Manusia Melalui Pendidikan Dan Pelatihan Di Desa Kundur, Kundur, Kabupaten Karimun) DJOKO EDY IMHAR; Suwondo - -; Sumartono - -
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 12 No. 1 (2009)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Dalam era desentralisasi saat ini, pemerintah daerah, tidak terkecuali Karimun sebagai kabupaten baru yang secara hukum resmi dibentuk berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 53 Tahun 1999 tanggal 4 Oktober 1999, mau tidak mau, suka tidak suka harus memberdayakan institusi lokal. Salah satu alasan utama mengapa daerah harus merajut atau membangun kembali institusi lokal adalah agar masyarakat tidak terjerumus kedalam kerantanan, keterpurukan, ketidak-berdayaan dan perpecahan. Pemberdayaan institusi lokal dalam pengertiannya sebagai organisasi, maka biasanya dilakukan melalui pendidikan non formal yang diarahkan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi, rasa percaya diri ataupun kemandirian masyarakat lokal dengan tujuan utamanya adalah menjadikan institusi-institusi lokal sebagai penghantar barang dan jasa serta pelayanan, sekaligus membawanya sedekat mungkin kepada masyarakat yang menjadi tujuannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan, menganalisis dan menginterpretasikan mengenai: 1). Implementasi kebijakan peningkatan kualitas sumberdaya manusia dalam pemberdayaan institusi lokal, yang meliputi: pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan, pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh pihak swasta melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan, dan pemberdayaan diri anggota institusi lokal melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan yaitu menyangkut kesadaran individu, kelompok, maupun kesadaran pemimpin; 2). Implikasinya bagi masyarakat, yang meliputi: rasa kepemilikan, jalinan kerjasama antar anggota maupun antar anggota dengan pemimpin, dan keterbukaan dan responsifitas terhadap perubahan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik: wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data model interaktif yang terdiri dari: pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, serta verifkasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1). Implementasi Kebijakan peningkatan kualitas sumberdaya manusia melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan: (a). Pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Karimun adalah melalui pendidikan pelatihan tenaga pengajar (Da’i dan Mubaliqh) dan ketenaga-kerjaan, kebijakan tersebut cenderung bersifat “top down”, metoda pemberdayaan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan individu; (b). Pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh pihak swasta adalah pendidikan dan pelatihan ketenaga-kerjaan, bersifat sentralistis, tidak mampu merespon kondisi dan potensi kelompok sasaran, dan diskriminatif; c). Pemberdayaan diri anggota institusi lokal, baik menyangkut kesadaran individu, kelompok maupun kesadaran pemimpin sangat baik, adanya proses pembelajaran kelompok disebabkan masih kentalnya nilai-nilai tradisional, kecilnya kesenjangan sosial ekonomi, dan kekhawatiran akan sanksi sosial; 2). Implikasi pemberdayaan bagi masyarakat: pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Karimun dan PT. Tambang Timah Tbk. Kundur belum atau tidak menunjukkan adanya implikasi yang diharapkan, kuatnya rasa kepemilikan, jalinan kerjasama antar anggota maupun antar anggota dengan pemimpin, dan keterbukaan dan responsifitas terhadap perubahan justru lebih merupakan implikasi dari pemberdayaan diri anggota institusi lokal dan nilai kerjasama, saling menghargai, musyawarah mufakat yang masih mengakar didalam institusi lokal yang bersangkutan. Kata kunci: Instituti lokal, pemberdayaan abstract In decentralization eras, local government of the Karimun regency, as a new regency that is legally established based on the Undang-Undang No 53 1999 dated on October 4th, 1999; inevitably has to utilize local institution. One of the major reasons why local area has to redevelop local institution is in order to avoid the society from susceptibilities, stumble, inability, and disintegration. Local institution empowerment in terms of organization, is usually implemented through non-formal education to increase society’s participation, self-confidence, and independence; which aims at establishing local institution becoming goods and services mediation, and also bringing as close as possible to the target society. This study uses qualitative approach to describe, analyze, and interpret : 1) implementation of human resource quality improvement policy in empowering local institution, consists of: empowering by government through education and training, empowering by private sector through education and training, and empowering by members of local institution themselves through education and training related with individual, group, and leader consciousness; 2) its implication to society, dealing with sense of ownership, working together among the members and between member and leader, and openness and responsiveness to existing changes. Data collecting is done through these techniques: interview, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used is interactive model consists of: data collecting, data reduction, data presentation, and verification. Research findings show that: 1) there are implementations of human resource quality improvement through education and training: (a) empowering done by the government of Karimun Regency through education and training of teachers (called Dari’’i and Mubaligh) and work force, this policy is tend to be ‘top down’, and empowering method used is individual approach; (b) empowering done by private sector through education and training of work force, it is centralistic, unable to response the condition and the potency of target group, and discriminative; (c) Empowering the members of local institution itself, including individual, group, and leader consciousness, the existing of group learning process due to traditional norms, the declining of socioeconomic gaps, and the anxiety of social sanction; 2) implication of society empowering: empowering done by the government of Karimun Regency and PT. Tambang Timah Tbk. Kundur has not shown significant implications expected, the strength of ownership, cooperation among members and the leaders, and openness and responsiveness to the existing changes, is the implication of empowering the member of local institution itself And cooperation, respective ness, and discussion that are still set in the local institution itself. Keywords: local institution, empowerment.
KAJIAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH Evaluasi Implementasi Otonomi Daerah Di Kabupaten Nganjuk Moch. - Supadjar; Solichin Abdul Wahab; Susilo - Zauhar
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 12 No. 1 (2009)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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ABSTRACT   Evaluation on the OTODA (local autonomy) in Nganjuk regency is given more emphasis on the evaluation of the implementation of the 1974 Regulation Number 5. It is due to the fact that its implementation shows empowerless of the local government since the central or provincial governments give more intervention to the domestic matters of the local government, namely Nganjuk regency. All policies made by the local government should get an agreement from the central or provincial governments, besides being supported by a top down planning system showing a governmental system with centralistic tendency. In this research, it is found that the implementation of real and responsibility autonomy is not in line with the purposes and goals as stated in Regulation Number 5, 1974 as its implementation tends to the centralistic governmental system so the local government is less powerful. The phenomena are (1)  services to the people, implementation of development and government can run effectively if the local government is given authority to implement all governmental matters as its own matters emphasizing harmony and democracy aspects, (2) stronger  deconcentration institution and weaker decentralization institution have hampered the implementation of local autonomy and development. (3) to make the local government more powerful, enough sources of local original incomes (PAD) are needed, and the local government are free to discover PAD especially from  local tax and retribution which are the most important factors; (4) local and social empowerment through  local regulations  treating local governments to be implementer, so they never reach the intended purposes. Authority to plant, implement and control themselves  will enable the local government to be able to give good and appropriate advantages as needed; and (5) in order to realize the local autonomy with intended and right needs, namely the realization of top services, clean government and good governance, qualified and good actors are needed, and it needs good human resources.   Keywords: Local government, local autonomy
PERAN INSTITUSI LOKAL DALAM MENANGGULANGI KEMISKINAN DI PERKOTAAN Abun - Mawardi; Agus - Suryono; Sumartono - -
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 12 No. 1 (2009)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

ABSTRAK   Semakin pesatnya pertumbuhan kota dan derasnya arus urbanisasi dan dampak daripada krisis ekonomi beberapatahun terakhir ini,membuat kemiskinan di perkotaan semakin meningkat. Hal ini diantisipasi oleh pemerintah dengan mengeluarkan berbagai kebijakan yang dimaksudkan untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan, saperti JPS (Jaring Pengaman Nasional), KUT (Kredit Usaha Tani) dan Proyek-proyek lain yang dikendalikan dan dilaksanakan oleh para birokrat, namun fakta di lapangan hasilnya kurang memuaskan. Berdasarkan pengalaman-pengalaman terdahulu, maka P2KP (Proyek Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Perkotaan) menggunakan instusi lokal sebagai pelaksana proyek, yaitu BKM yang dibentuk dari dan oleh masyarakat sendiri, sehingga pendekatan yang dipergunakan berbeda dari proyek terdahulu yang menggunakan pendekatan bersifat top down, sedangkan pada P2KP menggunakan pendekatan botton up. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, maka penelitian ini berfokus pada BKM sebagai institusi local, mulai dari proses pembentukan, program-program BKM didalam mengimplementasikan P2KP dan pelaksanaan di lapangan. Bentuk-bentuk program penanggulangan adalah bantuan dana bergulir , program-program pelatihan dan dana hibah, yaitu dana yang digunakan untuk membangun sarana dan prasarana, manfaat P2KP adalah memberdayakan masyaraakat miskin dengan peminjaman modal usaha bantuan pembangunan sarana/prasarana dan dana untuk pelatihan. Selain hal tersebut terbentuknya BKM sebagai institusi local yang membantu menanggulangi kemiskinan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif berupa  pengamatan  dan wawancara langsung dengan pihak-pihak yang terkait sebagai data primer disertai data sekunder berupa dokumen-dokumen dan penelitian terdahulu, sedangkan  hasil  dari  penelitian  ini  menyimpulkan bahwa BKM terbentuk dari bawah berdasarakan ketokohan bukan berdasarkan profesionalisme dan P2KP akan lebih berhasil dengan melibatkan masyarakat, dalam pelaksanaan P2KP terdapat hambatan berupa masyarakat yang tidak bisa membuat proposal pengajuan pinjaman atau permohonan bantuan  yang lain, sementara manfaat P2KP sudah bisa dirasakan oleh masyarakat terutama program dana bantuan bergulir dan dana hibah untuk pembangunan sarana prasarana.   Kata kunci: Institusi lokal, kemiskinan, perkotaan     ABSTRACT   The increasingly rapid urban growth and fast urbanization flow as well as the impacts of the economic crisis in the last few years cause poverty in the urban areas to grow more and more. This can be anticipated by the government by issuing various policies which are intended to handle poverty, such as JPS (Social Safety Net), KUT (Credits for Farm Operations), and other projects controlled and carried out by the bureaucrats. However, in reality the results are less satisfactorily. Based on the previous experiences, P2KP (The Handling Project of Poverty in the Urban Areas) makes use of a local institution as the project executioner, that is BKM, which is composed of and by the communities themselves. Thus, this study uses an approach different from the approach used in the previous project. The later employs a top-down approach, while the former employs a bottom-up approach. In regard to the fact, the study gives a stress on BKM as a local institution, starting from the establishing process, its programs in implementing P2KP, and the execution in the field. The handling programs are in the form of continuing funding support, training programs, and hibah funding support, that is funding provided to build ways and means. P2KP has an advantage in empowering the poor by providing some credit for their working capitals, building ways and means, and providing some funding for training programs. Moreover, establishing BKM as a local institution will help handle poverty. This study used a qualitative method in the form of observations and direct interviews with the concerned stakeholders. The result will be called ‘primary data’, while documents and the results of the previous studies will be called ‘secondary data’. Based on the study, it is conclusive that BKM is established from the bottom according to personage rather than professionalism and that P2KP will be more successful by involving the communities. Although there is an obstacle in respect that members of the communities are not able to write credit proposals or other support requests, the communities have experienced the advantage of  P2KP, especially in the form of continuing and hibah funding for building ways and means.   Keywords:  Local institution, urban poverty.
EFEKTIVITAS BAPPEDA DALAM PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN KOTA PADANG DI ERA OTONOMI DAERAH Desril - Tafria; Suryadi - -; HR. Riyadi - Soeprapto (alm)
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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ABSTRAK   BAPPEDA adalah salah satu unsur/lembaga yang ada di daerah yang mempunyai fungsi penting dalam kegiatan perencanaan pembangunan di daerah. Begitu pentingnya fungsi lembaga ini maka dapat dikatakan bahwa berhasil tidaknya pelaksanaan Koordinasi Perencanaan pembangunan di daerah terutama di era otonomi daerah ditentukan oleh effektivitas Bappeda dalam menjalankan fungsi-fungsinya. Oleh karenanya peningkatan kualitas kinerja Bappeda Kota Padang perlu untuk dibenahi atau ditingkatkan dalam pengkoordinasian pada instansi terkait. Berangkat dari fenomena sebagaimana tersebut diatas, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : 1) mengetahui efektivitas Bappeda Kota Padang dalam menjalankan fungsi-fungsinya guna menyelenggarakan Koordinasi Perencanaan pembangunan di daerah : 2) mengetahui faktor-faktor penghambat efektivitas fungsi Bappeda  Kota Padang dalam menyelenggarakan koordinasi perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan di daerah dalam penyusunan program/proyek Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengambil setting atau lokasi penelitian di Kantor Bappeda Kota Padang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis dengan pola interaktif sebagaimana yang dikembangan oleh Miles dan Huberman (1992) yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan data atau verfikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 1) Untuk mengoptimalkan fungsi Bappeda di era otonomi daerah dapat dilakukan dengan jalan mengefektivitaskan fungsi Bappeda dalam penyelenggaraan koordinasi perencanaan pembangunan di daerah, peningkatan penyusunan RAPBD serta pelaksanaan fungsi monitoring dan evalusi semua kegiatan; 2) Faktor-faktor penghambat efektivitas fungsi Bappeda dalam menyelenggarakan koordinasi pembangunan di daerah adalah kurangnya profesionalisme staf, kurangnya sarana dan prasarana, struktur dan prosedur kerja serta sistem informasi.   Kata kunci: koordinasi, BAPPEDA, OTODA ABSTRACT   BAPPEDA is one of institution in a region that has an important role in the Regional development planning coordination. Function of this institution is very important that one could say that the successful of the development planning coordination implementation or not in a region, especially in the autonomy era, is more relied on the effectiveness of the Bappeda in performing its functions. Therefore, development of performance quality of the Bappeda needs to be improved or increased by coordination with related agentscies Started from the phenomenon given above, this was study aimed to: (1) know the effectiveness of the Bappeda of the Padang Municipality in performing its functions to enforce the development planning coordinations in the region; 2) know factors inhibiting the effectiveness of the BAPPEDA function of the Padang Municipality in enforcing development and planning coordination in making program/project. This research utilized qualitative approach by taking location at the Bappeda office, Padang Municipality. Collecting is conducted by using interview, observation and documentation methods. Data analysis in this research used interactive pattern analysis as developed by Miles and Hubberman (1992) including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusion or verification. Result of the study showed that: (1) to optimize the Bappeda function in the autonomy era can be done by increasing the effectiveness of the Bappeda function in enforcement the development planning coordination in the region, improving APBD composition and implementation of monitoring function and evaluation of all activities; 2) factors inhibiting the effectiveness of theBappeda function in enforcing the development coordination in the region are low of professionalism of staffs, less of tool and equipment, weak of structure and working procedure and information system.   Keywords: coordination, BAPPEDA, OTODA
PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN KEPEMIMPINAN SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN SUMBERDAYA APARATUR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA (Suatu Kajian di Pemerintahan Daerah Kabupaten Ketapang) Erwin - Sudradjat; Choirul - Saleh; H.R. Riyadi - Soeprapto (alm)
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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ABSTRAK Otonomi daerah memberikan peluang yang lebih besar untuk kemajuan daerah tantangan kepada daerah disebabkan kinerja aparatur pemerintah daerah yang masih relatif rendah. Pengembangan sumberdaya aparatur, yang intinya adalah pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi aparatur, mutlak dilakukan dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa pelaksanaan program pengembangan sumberdaya aparatur di Kabupaten Ketapang serta dampaknya terhadap kinerja aparatur di daerah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Proses analisa data mengikuti model analisa yang dikemukakan oleh Miles dan Huberman (1992) dengan model interaktif, meliputi tiga alur kegiatan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data  dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan hal-hal: (1) Pelaksanaan diklatpim tingkat IV di Kabupaten Ketapang ternyata masih dirasakan banyak kekurangan dan kendala. Kekurangan yang sangat dirasakan dari segi penyelenggaraan  diklat adalah mengenai materi diklat dirasakan terlalu luas, kurangnya kemampuan pelatih dalam menciptakan suasana kelas yang mampu membuat peserta tertarik untuk mengikuti kegiatan di kelas, serta sarana dan prasarana diklat yang kurang memadai; dan (2) Tujuan pelaksanaan diklatpim tingkat IV di Kabupaten Ketapang belum sepenuhnya tercapai. Alumni diklatpim tingkat IV di Kabupaten Ketapang tahun 2003 banyak yang menanggapi bahwa sebenarnya diklatpim tingkat IV tidak terlalu dirasakan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dalam bekerja. Tidak begitu nyatanya dampak pelaksanaan diklat terhadap peningkatan kinerja juga dirasakan oleh atasan langsung yang dalam hal ini merupakan pengguna langsung alumni diklatpim tingkat IV tersebut. Saran yang dapat diberikan dari penelitian adalah : (1) perlu dipelajari tentang kemungkinan pembentukan lembaga tersendiri yang khusus menangani kegiatan pendidikan dan pelatihan dalam lembaga pemerintah Kabupaten Ketapang; (2) Untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh pencapaian tujuan diklatpim yang telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah Kabupaten Ketapang kiranya perlu diadakan evaluasi terhadap kinerja lulusan diklatpim tingkat IV tersebut. Hasil evaluasi terhadap peserta diklat tersebut juga nantinya dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk perbaikan penyelenggaraan diklat di masa mendatang.   Kata kunci: kepemimpinan, sumberdaya, aparatur   ABSTRACT Local autonomous give larger opportunity for progress of local and also challenge to local performance of aparatus of local governance which still relative lower. Development of aparatus resources, which its core is education and training for aparatus, is absolutely needed in improving performance. This research was aimed to describe and analyze aparatus resources development program of the Ketapang Regency Governance, through leadership education and training and also its impact on the performance of local govern aparatus. This research using qualitative research approach. Process analysis of data follow model of analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman (1992) with interactive model, covering three path of activities that are reduce data, presentation of data and verification. Results of this research are the followings (1). Leadership education and training level IV at the Ketapang Regency still really be felt by a lot of insuffiency and constraint. Very insuffiency felt from facet of management of leadership education and training level IV is materials of its felt too wide, lack of ability of coach in creating atmosphere of class capable to make audiences interested to follow activity in class, and also medium which less be adequate (2). Target of leadership education and training level IV at the Ketapang Regency Govern not reached full yet. A lot of collegiate of leadership education and training level IV year 2003 at the Ketapang Regency Govern answered that in fact leadership education and training level the IV did not too felt can improve their ability in working. There is no reality affect of leadership education and training to improve of performance also felt by direct supervision which in this case represent direct consumer of collegiate of leadeship education and training level IV. Suggestions which can be given from this research are (1). Presumably require to be learned by about possibility of special separate institute forming handle training and education activity in govern agency of the Ketapang Regency (2). To know how far the target of leadership education and training level IV attainment which have been executed by the Ketapang Regency Government presumably require to be performed by evaluation to grad leadership education and training performance level IV. Result of evaluation to the competitor of leadership education and training also later serve the purpose of the substance for the management of leadership education and training repair in a period of coming.   Keywords: leadership, aparature, performance
STRATEGI PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN SUKAMARA DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT (Studi Tentang Pemberdayaan Usaha Kecil Pembuatan Kerupuk Ikan Di Kecamatan Sukamara Kabupaten Sukamara Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah) ISWAN - GEMAYANA; Sukanto - -; Ismani HP - -
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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ABSTRAK   Penelitian berawal dari latar belakang masalah tentang upaya oleh pemerintah kabupaten Sukamara dalam memberdayakan usaha kecil pembuatan kerupuk ikan di Kecamatan Sukamara kabupaten Sukamara mengingat sampai saat ini, masih belum mampu menjadikan usaha kecil pembuat kerupuk ikan sebagai produk unggulan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis: (1) Potensi usaha kecil pembuatan kerupuk ikan di Kecamatan Sukamara Kabupaten Sukamara, (2) Strategi pemberdayaan usaha kecil pembuatan kerupuk ikan di Kecamatan Sukamara Kabupaten Sukamara dan (3) Faktor-faktor penghambat dan pendukung dalam pemberdayaan usaha kecil pembuatan kerupuk ikan di Kecamatan Sukamara Kabupaten Sukamara. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kwalitatif dengan lokasi penelitian pada pengusaha kecil pembuatan kerupuk di Kecamatan Sukamara Kabupaten Sukamara Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Analisis yang dilakukan dengan mengikuti model Miles Huberman yaitu analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Sukamara dalam memberdayakan pengusaha kecil pembuat kerupuk ikan telah dilakukan, namun belum bisa dilakukan secara maksimal mengingat Pemerintah Kabupaten Sukamara sebagai pemerintahan baru hasil pemekaran mengalami beberapa kendala diantaranya keterbatasan personil, alokasi anggaran masih terserap untuk pembuatan infrastruktur gedung-gedung perkantoran pemerintah dan penataan organisasi kedalam. Beberapa rekomendasi dalam rangka melakukan strategi pemberdayaan pengusaha kecil pembuatan kerupuk ikan di Kecamatan Sukamara kabupaten Sukamara: (1) Mengisi kekosongan jabatan di Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Sukamara dengan pejabat-pejabat yang berkompeten dibidangnya, (2) Memberikan pinjaman berupa dana pinjaman bergulir tanpa bunga, pemberian pelatihan manajemen perusahaan dan strategi pemasaran kepada para pengusaha kecil pembuat kerupuk ikan di Kabupaten Sukamara, (3) Mendorong terbentuknya kemitraan bapak angkat antara tiga perusahaan besar yang ada dengan para pengusaha kecil pembuat kerupuk ikan dan memfasilitasi bagi keberadaan LSM dan Perguruan Tinggi yang ada di Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah untuk menjadikan para pengusaha pembuat kerupuk ikan di Kecamatan Sukamara Kabupaten Sukamara sebagai wadah binaannya. Kata kunci: pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat, kerupuk ikan ABSTRACT   This research begin with problems background about efforts by the Sukamara Regency Government in empowering fish chips making small businesses in Sukamara sub district, Sukamara regency recall to so far unable to make the small businesses as a superior product. This research was aimed at describing and analyzing: (1) small businesses potential at the Sukamara sub district of Sukamara regency (2) empowerment strategies for the small businesses at the Sukamara sub district, Sukamara regency (3) inhibiting and supporting factors in empowering the small businesses at the Sukamara sub district, Sukamara regency. It is qualitative research with location at fish chips small entrepreneur at the Sukamara sub district, Sukamara Regency, Central Kalimantan province. The used analysis is Miles Huberman, it is interactive analysis. The Sukamara regency government is one of new government result from dividing of West Kotawaringin Regency that is divided into three governments, Sukamara Regency, Lamandau Regency and Kotawaringin Regency. Fish chips making has potential for development because the raw material potential, the availability of labors and open market opportunities. The results showed that efforts done by the Sukamara Regency in empowering the small businesses, but can not be done as maximally because it is new government as division result, it has obstacles such as limited personnel, budget allocation that is absorbed into infrastructure making for governmental office building and internal improvement. It can be recommended that some steps in empowering the small businesses at the Sukamara sub district, Sukamara regency are: (1) filling the vacant position in Industrial and Trade Agency of the Sukamara Regency with competent official, (2) giving non-interests loan in the form of grant, giving management and marketing strategy training to the small businesses at the Sukamara regency (3) encouraging the partnership among three existing company with the small businesses and facilitating the existence of the NGO and Institute for Higher Education at the Central Kalimantan to make the small business as their learners.   Keywords: empowerment, community economics, small business
ANALISIS MODEL KEPUASAN PENGGUNA JASA TRANSPORTASI KERETA API EKSEKUTIF JURUSAN MALANG JAKARTA Y. Fitra - Aswara; Fatchur - Rahman; Armanu - Thoyib
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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ABSTRACT   All countries have mixed economies, i.e. a combination of a private and public sector. Most of the public services offered to thr public are performed by an agent appointed by the principal (i.e. local or central government). The service offers may or may not be in line with the preferences of the users, i.e. the c1tizents. Public services are offered to the users based on the double principal‑agent relationship, i.e. citizens‑government, and government‑operator. Purposes of this research are to determine the relationships among customer prefrences, customer satisfaction, and customer segments. Research findings indicate that because the low degree of congruence between customer preferences, the public transportation industry offers low utility, i.e. low overall satisfaction score. Heterogeneity in consumer preferences are reflected in different evaluation of service quality areas and drivers of customer satisfaction.   Keywords: Kualitas jasa, Kepuasan konsumen, Industri jasa, jasa Pubik, Transportasi, Perilaku konsumen
PENGARUH INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP DISIPLIN KERJA (Studi Pada PT. Bank “X” Cabang “Y” Malang) Laily Kristianawati; Heru - Susilo; Taher Al Habsyi
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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ABSTRACT   Work discipline is the condition desired by organization. Work discipline will never be happened automatically, but should be shaped by many factors, both individual and organizational factors. Employee that discipline in their work will give optimal result that supports achievement of company’s goals. PT. Bank “X” Branch “Y” Malang is a stated-owned corporation and has strategic position in supporting national development. In order to make its function functioned properly, so that PT Bank “X” Branch “Y” Malang has to enhance its organization performance. Organization performance was significantly affected by employee work discipline, while personnel management has heavy duty in creating high-level discipline. This research was explanatory research, with employee of PT. Bank “X” Branch “Y” Malang as the analysis unit. Stratified random sampling technique was used in taking sample, while questionnaire was used to collect data from 50 employees. Variable measurement used in this research was the Likert scale. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential methods. The results showed that: (1) descriptive analysis resulted that variables of employee need (X1), employee capability (X2), work training (X3), compensation type (X4), close-monitoring (X5) and employee’s work discipline (Y) were perceived by employees properly and occurred as desired. (2) By completely, there was significant influence between independent variables on dependent variable. (3) Partially, variables of employee need (X1), employee work capability (X2), work training (X3), compensation type (X4) and close-monitoring (X5) significantly affected variable of employee work discipline (Y). (4) Regression test result showed that variable of compensation type (X4) has dominant contribution, namely 19,90 percents, on employee work discipline (Y), if been compared with other variables. Variables of compensation type (X4) have dominant contribution in this research. So that there are many things that should be considered by company, namely: 1) variabel of compensation type (X4) essentially on items of incentive giving and amount of insurance guarantee that should be more considered and enhanced because variable of compensation type (X4) had dominant contribution on employee work discipline, of course, and without ignoring other variables. (2) Employee work discipline have shown a properly condition so that should be maintained even enhanced in order to give more maximal value-added for the company.   Keywords:  work discipline, employee
ANALISIS KOMPONEN REVERSE MEAN PADA HARGA SAHAM MELALUI PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI MAKRO DI BURSA EFEK JAKARTA Aster Indah Widowati; Atim - Djazuli; M. Syafi’ie - Idrus
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 4 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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ABSTRACTSReverse mean reversion and predictability of stock return is probably the most well researched topic in the empirical research of financial economics. Numerous empirical studies have been unable to reject the hypothesis that return unpredictable and that stock price follows a random walk or martingale process. The essence of the mean-reversion hypothesis is that the stocks price contains a temporary component. Thus, the market value of stock deviates from the fundamental value but will revert to its mean. The objective of this study is to test the mean reversion hypothesis in Indonesian capital market, by investigate the size and significance of mean reversion component of stock prices at the Jakarta Stock Exchange, for the period of January 1990 through December 2003, and to investigate the size of the forecast error variance decomposition for real stock prices which is caused by permanent innovation and temporary innovation for a horizon of 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 and 24 months. By placing appropriate structural restrictions on a vector auto-regressive system estimated for the period of January 1990 through December 2003, it was found that the temporary component in the stock prices at the Jakarta Stock Exchange has significant size. From this, it can be inferred that the pattern of share price movements at the Jakarta Stock Exchange has a temporary component which will gradually disperse or undergo reverse mean. This evidence supports the mean reversion hypothesis that stock price are not pure random walks and predictability of stock return and reject the random walk hypothesis. Keywords: Reverse mean component, Macroeconomic Perspective

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