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Current Biochemistry
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23557877     EISSN : 23557931     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education
Current Biochemistry (CB) publishes the results of original research that contribute significantly to the understanding of the chemical compound and reaction that occur within living organism. Preference will be accorded to manuscripts that develop new concepts or experimantal approaches, particularly in the advancing areas of biochemistry science. Manuscripts that are primarily theoretical in nature or in the field of bioinformatics must be directed toward explaining important results previously not understood, making important predictions that can be experimentally tested, or developing segnificant advances in theory of general interest to biochemists. Submission of manuscripts in emerging areas in biochemistry, chemical biology, biophysics, proteomics, model studies and structures, cellular and molecular biology, computational biochemistry, biotechnology, and new methods development is encouraged especially if they address basic biochemical mechanisms.
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Articles 111 Documents
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Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Bacteria from Ficus variegata Blume as Antibacterial Compounds Producer Shinta Leonita; Maria Bintang; Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu
Current Biochemistry Vol. 2 No. 3 (2015)
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

Endophytic bacteria can produce antibacterial compounds. Their existence in the medicinal plant of Ficus variegata Blume enables the production of bioactive compounds similar to those contained by the host plants. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria from F. variegata which is potential to produce antibacterial compounds. The methods used include isolation of endophytic bacteria from leaves, stem, aerial root, and fruit of F. variegata plants. Antibacterial activity assay was done against four types of bacteria i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtillis, Escherichia coli, and Psedomonas aeruginosa. Identification of endophytic bacteria was conducted based on morphological analysis, biochemical test, and molecular analysis of 16S rRNA. Endophytic bacterial culture was extracted by ethyl acetate and analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 29 isolates of endophytic bacteria were obtained from F. variegata. The BH2 isolate was found to have potential activity. Analysis of 16S rRNA showed that BH2 isolate was related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SV1 with 99 % identity. The result of GC-MS analysis showed that the antibacterial compound was Nonanoic acid ethyl ester
Kloning Gen β-1,4 Glukanase dari Burkholderia cepaciake dalam Escherichia coli dan Karakterisasi Sekuennya Fitriani Winangsih; Maria Bintang; Tri Puji Priyatno
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

The increasing of rice plant production has to deal with some constraints caused by pathogen infection such as by bacteria, viruses or fungi. Endophytic bacteria have antagonistic capacity against fungi and was used to prevent the invasion of the pathogen. Burkholderia cepacia is one of the endophytic bacteria carrying genes expressed in defense system against fungi by producing glucanase enzyme. The aim of this research was to clone a gene encoding β-1,4-glucanase from B. cepacia into the expression system in Escherichia coli. The clone of glucanase gene was isolated by PCR technique using DNA fragment of B. cepacia from rice plants. The Glu 1320 primer pairs were designed based on the glucanase gene nucleotide sequence on online database, with the length of the amplicon DNA of 1300 bp. Results from BlastN and BlastX analysis showed that the DNA fragment which was cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector had similarity with Endo-1,4-D-glucanase gene of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei. The identity of the cloned DNA fragment was 99% and E-value 0.0. Proteomic analysis of the amino acid sequence was done using Server Expasy Proteomic and the total of amino acid was 451 with, molecular weight of 48.363 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) of 5.87. The signal peptide had cleavage sites on position 23 and 24 in amino acid AAAAE. Recombinant protein clone was obtained from Protein Data Bank (PDB) database with the code of 4q2b.2.A. The protein consist of 349 residu which formed the secondary structure like of 7 betahairpin pairs, 20 turn, 3 helix-3/10, and 17 alpha-helix.
Produksi Asam Laktat dan Pola Pertumbuhan Bakteri Asam Laktat dengan Pemberian Dosis Rendah Propolis Trigona spp asal Pandeglang Indonesia Akhmad Endang Zainal Hasan; I Made Artika; Syaeful Abidin
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

Propolis is known to have an antimicrobial activity and can prevent various diseases. Propolis consumption is feared to have negative impact on the activity of digestive lactid acid bacteria (LAB). The aim of this research was to examine the effect of propolis on the growth and lactic acid production of three LAB. Ethanol Extraction Propolis (EEP) concentrations examined were control, eep and X propolis 0% (control), 0.2%, 0.6%, 1.0% and X propolis at 0.4% concentration. The parameters analyzed were the growth of bacteria counted with Total Plate Count (TPC) method and lactic acid production using titrable acidity analysis. Propolis at 0,6% concentration stimulated the growth of Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus (LCR, 24.725x108 cell/mL), but inhibited the average lactic acid production (0.071%) lower than control (0,149%). Propolis did not affect the growth of Streptococcus thermophillus (STP), but propolis at 0,6% concentration stimulated lactic acid production (0.182%) higher than control (0.112%). Propolis inhibited the growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LDB), but at 0,2% concentration, its population was still highest (3.775x108 cell/mL) and lactic acid production was stimulated (0.195%) higher than control (0.123%).
Induksi Ekspresi Gen Sitokin/Kemokin pada Sel Makrofag Manusia yang Dipapar Virus Dengue Isolat Indonesia Siti Warnasih
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

Dengue is one of the world's most important arbovirus disease. Dengue pathogenesis has not been yet fully understood. It has been reported that there is involvement of the host immune factors and viral factors. Several studies have shown that concentrations of cytokines/chemokines on blood are significantly increased during infection and viral factors are also involved in disease severity. Therefore, characterization of host gene expression profiles in response to dengue virus infection of different serotypes could provide input for understanding the pathogenesis of dengue. The purpose of this research was to determine expression profiles of the genes (mRNA) of cytokines/chemokines as immune response that are released by monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) cells (host gene) exposed dengue viruses. Four dengue serotypes of Indonesia isolate were used in this study. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood cells of healthy donors by Ficoll gradient centrifugation techniques and then differentiated into MDM cells. Quantitative real time RT-PCR was used to quantify expression levels of cytokine/chemokine-encoding genes from MDM cells infected dengue. Four cytokine/chemokine-encoding genes i.e IP-10, MCP-1, IL-10, and MIP-1β known involved in dengue pathogenesis. Measurement of the expression levels of cytokines/ chemokines showed that the dengue virus of serotypes DENV-1 and DENV-3 caused an increase in the expression of genes encoding cytokine IL-10 and chemokine IP-10 is higher than other serotypes. Further research is needed to better determine the pathogenesis of dengue disease.
Phytochemical Analysis, α-glucosidase Inhibition Activity in-vitro and Enzyme Kinetics of Ethyl Acetate and Hexane Extracts of Graptophylum pictum (L.) Griff Waras Nurcholis; I Made Artika; Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno; Dimas Andrianto; Apipah Aprianti; Fina Febrianti; Inawati Inawati; Antonius Padua Ratu; Arya Arendra
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

The species Graptophylum pictum (L.) Griff, also known as “daun ungu” in Indonesia, is a traditional herbaceous plant believed to have antidiabetic potential. The number of people in the world with diabetes has increased dramatically over the recent years. The treatment of type II diabetes is complicated by several factors inherent to the disease. Elevated postprandial hyperglycemia is one of the risk factors and the intestinal digestive enzyme α-glucosidase plays a vital role in carbohydrate metabolism. One of the antidiabetic therapeutic approaches which reduces the postprandial glucose level in blood is by the inhibition of α-glucosidase. In this study, phytochemical analysis, α- glucosidase inhibitory activity and enzyme kinetics of ethyl acetate- and hexane extracts of G. pictum were evaluated with the aim to analyze its antidiabetic potential. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, steroids, and alkaloids. Steroids were present in ethyl acetate extract but absent in hexane extract, while alkaloids were present in hexane extract but absent in ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate and hexane extracts had 30.68 and 49.82 % inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase activity respectively. The kinetics of glucosidase enzyme of ethyl acetate and hexane extracts were determined by Lineweaver Burk plots. These exhibited uncompetitive and noncompetitive inhibition to alpha-glucosidase activity respectively. From the enzyme assay, we infer that ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of G. pictum contain potential α-glucosidase inhibitors that have the potential to be exploited for use in the treatment of diabetes
Detection of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows using California Mastitis Test and Udder Pathogen Evi Nur Qolbaini; I Made Artika; Dodi Safari
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

Subclinical mastitis is an infection of the udder devoid of clinical symptoms, bacteria are one of the causes behind this disease. In the present study, we investigated subclinical mastitis in dairy cows using the California mastitis test (CMT) and udder pathogens from KUNAK (Kawasan Usaha Peternak Sapi Perah) Cibungbulang, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. We randomly collected 102 milk samples from dairy farms in different stalls. We found that 87 out of the 102 (86 %) milk samples were positive for CMT test with level+1, level+2, and level+3 were 22 %, 45 %, and 33 % respectively. We also identified three different major bacterial groups: staphylococcus, streptococcus, and enterobacteria based on gram staining, oxidase test, and coagulase test. It can be concluded that the case of bovine subclinical mastitis in Kunak Bogor was very high and caused by various bacteria which infected cows.
Immobilization of Lactobacillus plantarum B134 Cells using Sodium Alginate for Lactose Hydrolysis in UHT Milk Lusiana Kresnawati Hartono; Tatik Khusniati; I Made Artika; Sulistiani sulistiani; Abdul Choliq
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Hydrolysis of lactose in milk by β-galactosidase from immobilized bacterial cells has the potential to alleviate the problem of lactose intolerance. The present study was aimed to immobilize cells of L. plantarum strain B134 and evaluate their efficiency in hydrolyzing lactose in ultra high temperature (UHT) milk. Immobilized cells were generated by mixing cell suspensions with solutions of sodium alginate and calcium chloride. The β-galactosidase activity of the immobilized cells was tested by determining their ability in hydrolyzing lactose in UHT milk (whole milk and skimmed milk). Results showed that cells of L. plantarum strain B134 were entrapped optimally using a combination of 1 % sodium alginate, 100 mM calcium chloride and 12 % w/v cell suspension. The highest β-galactosidase activity was achieved at pH 6.5 and a temperature of 45 ºC for 5 minutes incubation time. The immobilization efficiency achieved was 28.95 %. The immobilized cells could reduce lactose by up to 85.45 % in UHT whole milk and 91.26 % in UHT skimmed milk. The times required for that reduction of lactose in UHT whole milk and UHT skimmed milk were 12 hours and 9 hours respectively. The immobilized cells could be re-used up to 4 times for efficient lactose hydrolysis for both types of milk. Therefore, immobilized cells of L. plantarum B134 have the potential to be used for lactose hydrolysis in UHT milk.
The Activity of Wungu Leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L) Griff) Extract in Reducing Blood Glucose Level of Hyperglycemic Mice Hayatul Rahmi; I Made Artika; Norman Razief Azwar; Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno; Waras Nurcholis
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

Wungu leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) is a plant thought to have potential use in alleviating symptoms of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the activity of wungu leaf extracts in decreasing blood glucose level of alloxan (200 mg/kg BW)-induced hyperglycemic mice. Extracts of wungu leaf were obtained by macerating with ethanol and then partitioning the extract with diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and butanol. Each extract obtained was used to treat hyperglycemic mice for 28 days. The results showed that wungu leaf extracts have the ability to decrease the blood glucose level of hyperglycemic mice (dose 50 mg/kg BW). The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity, bringing about a decrease of blood glucose of 37.6 %. The wungu leaf extract has the potential to be developed as a source of anti-diabetic agents.
Perbandingan Pertumbuhan Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens E14 Varian Sticky dan Loose Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno; John Douglas Brooker
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

A number of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains have been reported to attach cellulose fibres, feed and other particles in the rumen, as well as to sheep rumen epithelia. In this research, B. fibrisolvens E14 variants sticky (S) and loose (L) were used to study the mechanism of B. fibrisolvens attachment to surfaces, especially to plant fibre. Results may be useful in enhancing plant fiber degradation within the rumen, or the use of plant biomass as energy source. The two cell types were compared; studies included physical and growth characteristics in defined, solid or liquid medium containing various carbon sources, the presence of compounds that may induce or inhibit attachment, and their phenotypic stability. Compared to the non-adhering L cells, the adhering S cells were shinier, spherical, more intensely pigmented (yellow), more firmly attached to the agar surface and could only be removed with scraping. After longer incubation, the cells were released from the agar but the colonies tended to stick together, and only became separable when further incubated. In contrast, the L cells were non spherical, loosely attached to the agar and separable at all stages of growth. In liquid medium, the S cells tended to clump during the early stages of growth, and be dispersed at later stages. The L cells were dispersed throughout the medium at all stages of growth. The phenotypes of the 2 variants were stable; both variants maintained their characteristics through multiple passages on solid and in liquid medium. The presence of molecules that induced attachment of S or inhibited attachment of L cells were not detected.
Pengembangan Nontransgenik F1 dan Bc1f1 Padi Ciherang Toleran Genangan secara Site-Directed Crossing Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno; Satya Nugroho; Tri Joko Santoso; Joel Rivandi Sinaga; Euis Marlina; Dimas Adrianto; Rudi Munzirwan; Aniversari Apriana; Zainal Alim Mas'ud
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

The development of submergence tolerant rice varieties is urgently required to maintain the stability of future food production, to anticipate the unpredictable global climate changes. Due to in-economical agronomic traits of native submergence tolerant varieties for large scale cultivation, submergence tolerance gene (sub1) must be introduced into popular high-yielding rice variety, such as Ciherang. To develop new submergence tolerant variety with good agronomic traits as those of Ciherang, in this research, submergence tolerance gene (sub1) was introduced into Ciherang variety. To avoid strict GMO regulation, gene introduction was carried out through site-directed crossing. Donor sub1 was crossed with Ciherang host. The selected F1 progenies were further backcrossed to Ciherang 4 x to obtain BC5F1 progeny having ~98% agronomic traits of those of Ciherang. In every cross/backcross generation, submergence test was performed, followed by sub1 marker-assisted PCR. F1 and BC1F1 submergence-tolerant Ciherang were successfully constructed. Co-dominant RM464A marker was not able to discriminate between host, donor, and progenies (F1 and BC1). Co-dominant RM219 maker showed slightly different size between donor and host amplicon, but it was difficult to see their heterozygous progenies. Both C173 and AEX1 dominant markers were able to show sub1 introgression from donor to host. PCR results confirmed that progenies-submergence tolerance was due to sub1 introgression, not escape mechanisms. AEX1 was chosen for subsequent experiments. Backcross until BC5 is in progress, to obtain maximum host retention for engineering new submergence tolerant varieties with good agronomic traits as those of Ciherang.

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