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Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Veteriner

JITV
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 08537380 EISSN : 2252696X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

Aims JITV (Jurnal Ilmu ternak dan Veteriner) or Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences (IJAVS) aims to publish original research results and reviews on farm tropical animals such as cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, poultry, as well as non domesticated Indonesian endemic animals, such as deers, anoa, babirusa, etc. Scope Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences . The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of animal science and veterinary

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Hewan dan Zoologi

Articles 1,756 Documents

140 141 142 143 144

Rice bran inclusion in the fruit and vegetable waste-based diets for fryer rabbits S Prawirodigdo; Muryanto .; D.M Yuwono
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 9, No 3 (2004): SEPTEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of rice bran inclusion in the fruit and vegetable waste (FVW)-based diets on the growth performance of fryer rabbits. Thirty-six growing rabbits (New Zealand x Flemish Giant) of about 1070.8 g initial body-weight were housed individually in the wire mesh cages and assigned to either one of a FVW-based diet containing 20% rice bran (RB 20%), 10% rice bran (RB 10%) or zero rice bran (RB 0%). Thus, each treatment consists of 12 replicates. Data were collected for 28 days. Results showed that inclusion of rice bran in the diet significantly decreased (P<0.05) dry matter intake (2888, 2830 and 3095 g, for Diets RB 20%, RB 10%, and RB 0%, respectively). Average daily weight gain of the rabbits consuming RB 20% (23 g), RB 10% (25 g) and RB 0% (33 g) was significantly different (P<0.05). Inclusion of rice bran in the FVW-based diet significantly (P<0.05) affected the feed conversion ratio of the diets (3.4 versus 4.4 and 4.1, for RB 0% versus RB 20% and RB 10%, respectively). Consistently, the average carcass weight of rabbits consuming RB 0% (1140g) was superior (P<0.05) to the carcass weight of rabbits fed RB 20% (1022 g) or RB 10% (1046 g). Overall, inclusion of rice bran in the FVW based diet is not necessary. Simultaneously, use of FVW for rabbit is promising to avoid the accumulated fermenting FVW problem and produce healthy meat instantly for food. Key words: Fruit and vegetable waste, rice bran, fryer rabbit, growth rate, carcass

Utilization of fermented rice straw as substitution of elephant grass in cow feed Antonius .
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 14, No 4 (2009): DECEMBER 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of fermented rice straw by probion on feed consumption, digestibility, daily gain and feed efficiency of Simmental cow. This study was carried out based on completely randomized design, with here dietary treatments and four replications for each treatment. The treatments were R1 (JP-15) = 40% elephant grass + 15% untreated rice straw + 45% concentrate; R2 (JPF-15) = 40% elephant grass + 15% fermented rice straw + 45% concentrate; and R3 (JPF-35) = 20% elephant grass + 35% fermented rice straw + 45% concentrate. Concentrate was given at around 08:00 while unfermented/fermented rice straw was given afterward at around 09:00. Chopped elephant grass was given twice a day at 11:00 and 16:00. Water was available through out the day. Observation was done for two months on feed consumption, digestibility, daily gain and feed efficiency. The results did not show significant differences on feed consumption, digestibility, daily gain and feed efficiency, except on digestibilities of cellulose and hemicelulose. The digestibilities of cellulose and hemicelulose of treatment R3 was higher than that of R1 and R2. It is concluded that fermented rice straw is suggested to be used as an alternative feed to substitute elephant grass in maintaining feed consumption, digestibility, daily gain and feed efficiency of Simmental cow. Key words: Probion, Cow, Rice Straw

Extrahepatic bile duct ligation in broiler chickens: ultrastructural study of Ito cell Ekowati Handharyani; K Ochiai; A Winarto
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 9, No 4 (2004): DECEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The Ito cell (fat-storing cell) is a cell lying in perisinusoidal space of liver. The function of Ito cell is expanding from a site of fat-storing site to a center of extracellular matrix metabolism and mediator production in the liver. This study was performed in order to evaluate the Ito cells in cholestatic condition. The artificial cholestatic was conducted by ligation of extrahepatic bile ducts (bile duct ligation = BDL) in broilers. The results showed that BDL induced bile congestion, fibrosis, proliferation of Ito cells and intrahepatic bile ductules. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that Ito cells were scattered throughout the fibrotic areas, and larger in size with more extensive immunoreactivity than those in normal livers. Ultrastructural study demonstrated that Ito cells were closely associated with the production of extracellular collagen fibers. Ito cells actively react against hepatocytic injuries, especially in fibrogenesis of cholestatic livers. Key words: Bile duct, ito cell, broiler

Improving the nutritive values of solid heavy phase to substitute corn in laying hens diet Tiurma Pasaribu; A.P. Sinurat; T. Purwadaria; P.P. Ketaren
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 14, No 3 (2009): SEPTEMBER 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Solid heavy phase (SHP), a by product material of palm oil factory obtained by ceramic filtration from liquid waste could be used as a feedstuff to replace corn in poultry diet. A series of experiment was carried out to improve nutrient value of the SHP by supplementation of enzymes and amino acids in order to increase the proportion of SHP to substitute corn in layer diet. There are three enzymes i.e.: Balitnak production (BS4), a commercial single enzyme (consist of mannanase) and comercial multienzymes were tested. All the enzymes were mixed with fresh SHP in different dose, dried and ground. The nutrient digestibility of these materials was measured in order to decide the optimum level of each enzyme. Based on this result, a feeding trial was carried out. Experimental diets were formulated to study the effect of substitusion of 25% or 50% corn with dried SHP or enzymes-treated SHP on the performances of the layers. The effect of methionine and lysine supplementation into diets contained high levels of SHP was also studied. Results showed that all enzymes studied could increase the energy (TME) of the SHP. BS4 enzyme and the commercial multienzimes, except single enzyme, also increase the true protein digestibility of the SHP. The optimum dose of each enzyme for each kg dry mater of SHP was 13.3 ml BS4, 2 g single enzyme and 3 g multienzymes. Substitution of 25% corn in layer diet with dried SHP or enzymes-treated SHP did not significantly impair the performances (hen-day egg production and FCR) of layers. However, substitution of 50% corn with SHP + multienzymes or SHP + single enzyme significantly impaired the performances of the layers. Addition of methionine and lysine amino acids restored the performance of the hens fed with SHP + commercial multienzyimes, but not those fed with high levels of SHP + commercial single enzyme. Substitution of 50% corn with SHP + BS4 enzime did not significantly impaire the performance of layers and therefore, addition of amino acids into the diet was not required. Substitution of 25% or 50% corn with dried SHP or enzymes-treated SHP did not affect the egg quality (HU, yolk color index and shell thickness). It is concluded that solid heavy phase (SHP) could be used to substitute 25 to 50% corn in layer diet, especially when the SHP was treated with BS4 enzyme. Key Words: Solid Heavy Phase, Enzymes, Amino Acids, Layer

In vitro embryo production through modification of time and gonadotropin hormone during oocytes maturation Endang Triwulaninngsih; M.R Toelihere; J.J Rutledge; T.L Yusuf; B Purwantara; K Diwyanto
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 6, No 3 (2001): SEPTEMBER 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

This research has been conducted at the laboratory of in vitro fertilization of the University of Wisconsin, USA. These embryos can be used for improving genetic value of Indonesian cattle. There is transportation constraint in importing oocytes from USA. It takes more than 24 hours to bring it to Indonesia. In fact, oocytes maturation and ready to be fertilized normally requires only 24 hours in 5% CO2 incubator at 38.5°C. Therefore, this research is needed to study the effect of gonadotropin hormone and time for oocyte maturity and ready to be fertilized at a period more than 24 hours. If this problem could be solved then the importation of oocytes could be cheaper and easier than importation of life animals or embryos. Ovaries were collected from slaughterhouse in Wisconsin. Oocytes were matured in TCM-199 medium in 5% CO2 incubator and at 30°C enriched with FSH 10 μl/ml, oestradiol 17 β 1μl/ml and 10 % FCS as control of gonadotropin hormone treatment (A); with FSH 10 μl/ml (B); with oestradiol 17 β 1μl/ml (C) and without gonadotropin hormone (D) for 24 hours, 30 hours and 36 hours as time of maturation treatment I, II and III respectively. The oocytes were fertilized in vitro with motile sperm selection by Percoll gradient and incubation between sperm and oocytes in fertilization media (TALP) for 20 hours. All zygotes were cultured in modification of KSOM medium up to blastocyst and were fed serum 5 μl/50 μl medium on day 6. Data were analyzed by SAS program. Percentage of cleavage between time of maturation were significant (p<0.01); between gonadotropin hormone treatment A vs B and A vs C and B vs C and B vs D and between A vs D were significant (p<0.01), but between treatment C vs D were not significant (p>0.05). Percentage of blastocyst between time of maturation were not significant (p>0.05), but between gonadotropin hormone treatment A vs B and A vs C and B vs D and C vs D were significant (p<0.01), but between treatment A vs D and B vs C were not significant (p>0.05). Percentage of cleavage, morula, blastocyst, expanded blastocyst and unertilized ova on this study are 66.73%, 22.43%, 40.33%, 0.81% and 32.51 for 24 hours incubation (I); 61.55%, 25.69%, 32.69%, 0.54% and 27.61% for 30 hours incubation (II); 72.43%, 32.06%, 37.97%, 0.0% and 25.31% for 36 hours incubation (III) respectively. According to this study, in vitro production of embryo could be conducted at 30°C and incubation on maturation media for more than 24 hours. Key words: Oocytes, cleavage, embryos, blastocyst

Strategic study on energy-protein requirements for local sheep: 5. Ewes during lactation phase I-W Mathius; D Sastradipradja; T Sutardi; A Natasasmita; L.A Sofyan; D.T.H Sihombing
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 8, No 1 (2003): MARCH 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Thirty-six Javanese thin-tail ewes in the end of late pregnancy phase were set out to study the energy and crude protein requirements during the first eight-week of lactation phase. The ewes were penned individually in doors and randomly assigned to a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of three levels of energy (low, medium and high) and three levels of crude protein (low, medium and high) diets with four ewes per treatment. The diets were pelleted and offered four times daily in approximately equal amount. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, body weight and milk production were recorded. Results showed that, total lamb birth weights was not affected, but protein content on the ration treatments significantly altered (P<0.05) milk yield and composition. Dry matter intake due to feeding treatments was not significantly affected (P>0.05), while crude protein content on the ration highly significantly affected (P<0.01). Based on data recorded, the energy and protein requirements for ewes during lactation phase are highly significantly depended on ewes’ live weight, milk production and the ratio of energy metabolism and crude protein of the ration. It was concluded that in order to fulfil the crude protein and energy needs of the ewes during lactation phase, the ration given should contain crude protein and energy as much as 16% (based on dry matter) and 13.4 MJ/kg dry matter respectively. Key words: Energy-protein requirement, lactation phase, local ewes

The use of blood protein polymorphism to estimate genetic distance among populations of Indonesian native sheep, St. Croix and Merino Agus Suparyanto; T Purwadaria; Subandriyo .; T Haryati; K Diwyanto
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 7, No 1 (2002): MARCH 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The genetic distance among populations of Indonesia native sheep (Ciamis, Garut, Sumatera and Garahan), St. Croix and Merino were estimated to investigate the genetic relationship among those breeds. Blood protein polymorphism of transferin (Tf), post-transferin (PTf), albumin (Alb), post-albumin (PAlb) were detected from blood plasma, while haemoglobine (Hb) was detected from erythrocyte using Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). Results of PAGE showed that Tf was controlled by 6 alleles, while Alb by 4 alleles, PTf by 3 Alleles and PAlb and Hb by 2 alleles. Value of breeding coefficient within individual subpopulations (FIS) for Tf (-0,0014), Alb (-0,0046) and Hb (0,0256) were not significantly different by noel. These results show that data of gene frequency are still following Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and inbreeding inside the sub population did not occur. The closest distance among the native breeds is the subpopulations of Ciamis and Garut due to neighboring area and similar traits of Thin Tail Sheep. The genetic distance of both population to Sumatera Thin Tail Sheep and Garahan Fat Tail are quite far. In addition to that results all Indonesian native breed were distinctly different from St. Croix and Merino. Key words: Indonesian native sheep, St. Croix, Merino, blood protein polymorphism, genetic distance

Reproductive phenotype of two lines of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) under two different room temperatures A.G Nataamijaya
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 8, No 4 (2003): DECEMBER 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Line as well as ambient temperature, substantially affected the reproductive performance of birds, hence in this study lines C (control) and P (meat type) were assigned into two room temperatures i.e. 18 and 35°C, represented higher and lower land areas of Indonesian archipelago. This study was conducted to find out the effect of line, ambient temperature and it’s interaction on the reproductive phenotype of Japanese quail. A Completely Randomed Design with 23 factorial arrangement was applied using 8 males and 24 females of each room temperature, every bird was kept in individual cage. Each male was mated to one female for 5 minutes per day for 3 consecutive days, 15 days later the same male was mated to the second female using the same manner. The third female was mated to this male using the same previous way. Parameters measured were copulation number, egg mass, testes weight, fertility and duration of fertility. Results showed that copulation number of line P (1.10 ± 0.29) were lower than (P<0.05) that of line C (1,84 ± 0,33). Within 14 day period line P produced higher egg mass compared with line C (66.91 g vs 55.88 g). Line P testis weight (6.82 ± 0.36 g) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of line C (3.18 ± 0.34 g), while room temperature slightly affected the testis weight. Fertility rate of line P (29.07 ± 14.12%) was much lower (P<0.01) than that of line C (46.90 ± 15.44 %). Duration of fertility of line P (1.10 ± 0.35 days) was also lower (P<0.01) than that of line C (3.48 ± 1.28 days). Copulation number and egg mass were not influenced by high room temperature while rate and duration of fertility were substansially affected. It was concluded that some reproductive parameters of male and female of Japanese quail were affected by body weight and room temperature in different way. Key words: Line, quail, room temperature, reproductive

Feeding of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation culture (AOFC) to growing sheep: 2. Growth rate and feed efficiency D Lubis; B Haryanto; E Wina; T Suhargiyantatmo
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 7, No 4 (2002): DECEMBER 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Utilization of yeast and or filamentous fungi as feed additive to ruminants has been of interest since the late 1980’s. Two fungi species have been commercially produced in the United States, (1) Yea-Sacc containing living cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and (2) Amaferm bearing Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract. It has been demonstrated and proven that the cultures can enhance rumen development and function in young ruminants. This paper concerns the use of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation culture (AOFC) as feed additive for young-growing male ‘Garut’ sheep. The A. oryzae was cultured in a media made of mineral-enriched ‘onggok’ flour, a material of tapioca processing waste. The AOFC was prepared gradually by incubating the fungus at room temperature (26 – 300C) for 5 days, dried at 400C and ground. The AOFC was added to a commercial concentrate (GT-03) at 0, 5 and 10% (w/w) levels, as treatment C0 (control), C1, and C2, respectively. Fifteen growing ‘Garut’ sheep were used and the concentrate feed treatments were randomly allotted based on a randomized block design. Drinking water was available at all time. The amount of feed offered (chopped King grass and concentrates) and their refusals were weighed daily and live-weight of sheep was measured once a week in the morning. Daily feces was collected and weighed in the last 10 days of the 14-week experimental period. All feed and fecal samples were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, total fiber (NDF), and ash. AOFC supplementation resulted in higher weight gains (P<0.05), which were 94.81; 122.08; and 140.52 g/d for C0, C1, and C2 treatments, respectively. Dry and organic matter, as well as protein intake was also significantly increased by inclusion of AOFC into concentrate diet (P<0.05). The increment in nutrient intake was from increased consumption of concentrates, and not from King grass, however, there was no effect of AOFC supplementation on feed efficiency. Key words: A. oryzae, sheep, gain, efficiency

Technique development of attractant test for Chrysomya bezziana in laboratory and semi-field conditions April H Wardhana; Sukarsih .
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 9, No 1 (2004): MARCH 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Swormlure (SL-2), synthetic attractant for the New World Screwworm Fly (NWSF), Cochliomya hominivorax, have been developed and used in the America. The effectiveness of swormlure in attracting the Old World Screwworm Fly (OWSF), Chrysomya bezziana is not well defined. The aim of the study was to provide suitable condition of the attractant in trapping the higher number at the OWSF in laboratory (cage assay) and semi-field (room assay) conditions. The cage assay to screen responses olfactory stimuli of OWSF was developed to asses the fly responses to lights, exhaust fan (on or off), the flies’ physiological status and whether there was any bias between cages or trap positions. Modifications were made to provide suitable physical and environmental conditions for candidate attractant. These included darkening all windows with paper, the construction of support for the fly cages and installation of additional lights centred above the fly cages. The room assay was used as an intermediate step between the cage assay and the field experiment. The number of entered flies into the trap indicated flies respond to SL-2. The data of cage assay was analysed by ANOVA and data of room assay was analysed by T test (5%). The results showed that standard experimental conditions for the cage assay: two lights above the cages on and the central lights off, covering fluorescent lights with oil paper, the jar trap positions on the centre line parallel to the lights and exhaust fan was turned off (no air flow) during the session but was turned on in between sessions to reduce the odour from SL-2 in laboratory (p>0.05). The standard experimental conditions for the room assay used four fluorescents tubes, exhaust fan turned off during the replicates but turned on after replicated 3 and 6 for 15 minutes. Yellow half-size sticky was used as standard target (p>0.05). Key words: Swormlure, SL-2, attractant, Chrysomya bezziana

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Ahmadi Riyanto

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medpub@litbang.deptan.go.id

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ahmadi_puslitbangnak@yahoo.com

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Kota bogor,

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