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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Inbreeding Depression and Alternative Solution in Buffaloes Lisa Praharani; Riasari Gail Sianturi
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 28, No 1 (2018): March 2018
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Buff and dairy buffaloes have an important role in farming system to produce meat, milk, and fertilizer. Their productivity and population have been decreasing due to several reasons such as inbreeding depression and lack of sires. This paper presents alternative efforts to improve genetics of buffaloes through outbreeding fascilitated by artificial insemination (AI) and estrus synchronization to decrease inbreeding rates. Effort to reduce inbreeding depression is conducted by introducing new buffalo genes from distant populations known as outbreeding. Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production has initiated an outbreeding program in buffalo through AI. The pregnancy rate varies between 40-80% using estrus synchronization with prostaglandin and fixed time AI. Outbred offsprings have higher growth performance and selling price than offsprings of natural breeding. The outbreeding program through AI in buffaloes need to be carried out sustainability to increase availability of qualified breeding stocks.

The Role of Saponin as Feed Additive for Sustainable Poultry Production Elizabeth Wina
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 27, No 3 (2017): September 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Poultry, especially broiler is an important protein source for people in developing countries. Under intensive condition, economical and efficient broiler production is disturbed by disease attack due to poor biosecurity management. Feed additives (coccidiostat and antibiotic growth promoter/AGP) that added to feed for disease prevention and growth improvement, have been banned by many countries including Indonesia. Antibiotic growth promoter can be substituted by bioactive compounds in certain plants which can improve poultry production. One of bioactive compounds is saponin which is a glycoside. This paper provides information about source and function of saponin as feed additive for poultry production. Saponin extracts or saponin containing plants have several functions, such as anticoccidia, immunostimulant, antibacteria and antifungi. Sustainable poultry production requires continues supply of feed ingredients and additive with consistent in quality. High saponin-containing plants need to be planted widely and supported by stakeholders for their avability and sustainability.

Government Policies on Small Scale Poultry Business and Environmental Health in Indonesia Nyak Ilham
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 2 (2015): JUNE 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The government paid great attention to develop small-scale poultry business, to reduce poverty alleviation and increase employment opportunities. The government has established various policies to encourage the growth of poultry production cluster (PPC) in rural areas. However, the fact shows that these policies have not been able to solve the problems. Small-scale poultry business is particularly vulnerable to economic changes, including animal diseases. The economic crisis of 1997-1998 and avian influenza outbreaks in 2004-2006 had caused most of small-scale enterprises collapsed. Government policies to develop small scale poultry business which is environmental friendly are required so its existence does not disturb the public. Since 2006, the government has established various policies, ie. Village Poultry Farming (VPF) and compartment structuring. Based on evaluation and existing cases, the results have no meet the expectation yet, due to lack of sustain supervision. On the other hand, small scale poultry business has been set up on PPC’s under partnerships with companies. The government is expected to continue VPF program and should pay attention to the development of PPC that basically has been accepted by rural communities. Key words: Government policies, poultry, small scale, environmental health

Small Ruminant Breeding Plans for Smallholder Systems Luis Iniguez
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 27, No 1 (2017): March 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The transfer of animal genetic improvement strategies in the environments of resource-poor smallholder producers in developing countries has not been successful. Therefore, the access by farmers to sources of animals with high genetic potential is difficult or just not possible. As producers improve or intensify their systems to capture market opportunities, this access need is accentuated. This paper reviews identified constraints to the transfer of breeding plans, the need for a new approach, and the lessons learned in applying a better-targeted approach. The issues and thoughts were derived from the experience of a working group involving the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas; Austrian University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Argentinean National Institute of Agriculture Technology; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Goats and Sheep); and National Research Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Animal Production-Mexico. The transfer of breeding strategies in smallholder systems is not a straightforward task. Contrasting a successful application in commercial livestock production environments, the achievement of the primary objectives in smallholder systems requires a holistic approach beyond pure technical matters. Of all identified aspects with direct incidence in the implementation of breeding plans, the lack of specific national policies coupled with long-term funding to support the improvement of smallholder production systems, and the lack of involvement and participation of the communities emerge as issues that gravitate more to achieve sustainability and meet the objectives of a given breeding plan.

Strategy to Fulfill the Requirements for Concession and Release of New Animal Breed or Strain Bambang Setiadi
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 26, No 3 (2016): SEPTEMBER 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 1994 on Ratification of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 117/Permentan/SR.120/10/2014 regarding the concession and release of animal breed or strain in Indonesia should be followed up. This paper aims to improve the understanding of concession and release of animal breed or strain. Requirements of breed or strain concession has to declare (a) Its origin; (b) Original geographic distribution where the breed or strain formed; (c) Characteristics; (d) Genetic information; (e) The animal number and structure of their population; and (f) Animal picture. Requirements for the release of breed or strain should have (1) The method to obtain animal breed or strain; (2) Characteristics; (3) Genetic information; (4) New invention, unique, uniform and stable (NUUS); (5) The current number of animal; (6) Animal picture; (7) A guarantee certificate of quality standard; and (8) At the time of receipt of the request release, breed or strain has never been traded/distributed in Indonesia or already traded less than five years. Therefore, the government operational policy is necessary to regulate the preservation and improvement of animal genetic resources either breed or strain beneficial for future generations.

Partnership Program on Bali Cattle Fattening Based on Local Resources in the Suboptimal Land Area of Nusa Tenggara Timur Priyono Priyono; Dwi Priyanto
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 28, No 2 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Bali cattle is one of the Indonesian germplasm that well adapted to suboptimal areas including East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). Difficulties in accessing capital became one of the factors that hamper effort the development of Bali cattle in larger scale. One alternative to access capital is through partnership model of Bali cattle fattening based on local resources. Partnership model of Bali cattle fattening was intiated by village cooperative centre (pusat koperasi unit desa =PUSKUD) since 2002 in Kupang District, South Central Timor District, North Central Timor District, and Belu District. Profit sharing in this program is 70% for farmers and 30% for PUSKUD NTT. The partnership program has been performing well and growing rapidly. On the other hand, some problems occurred such as cattle death and forced sale due to lack of feed, especially during dry season. In its development, the partnership model has resulted in empowering farmers through increasing income and employment.

Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) as Forage for Ruminant Juniar Sirait
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 27, No 4 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Availability of good quality forage is limited during dry season. Dwarf elephant grass is one of alternatives in providing high productivity and quality of forage. This paper aims to inform morphologhy characteristics, feed quality, and post harvest of dwarf elephant grass. Dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) has different morphology from common elephant grass (P. purpureum). It has several advantages compared to common elephant grass in term of faster growth and regrowth rates, high of leaf and stem ratio, protein content, and dry matter production. This grass is suitable for grazing and cut and carry system. This grass is also suitable for ruminant feed as silage or hay. Processing of dwarf elephant grass using fermentation technology is recommended during over production period, for further use during drought and limited forage availability.

Myostatin Gene Expression and Its Application on Goat Breeding Programme Aron Batubara
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 27, No 2 (2017): June 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Characteristics of double muscled growth in animals are influenced by myostatin gene (MSTN). Myostatin gene is known as a member of the growth gene's superfamily (TGF-β) which works to suppress the muscle growth. However, the presence of six mutations on MSTN cause the gene inactive, and trigger the occurrence of muscle hypertrophy. Identification of myostatin gene was conducted by molecular techniques, and the most common method is polymerase chain reaction followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Research on sheep and goat in several countries showed that there had been several variations occurred in myostatin gene but further studies are required to correlate these variations to body weight gain and other important production parameters. For goat production in Indonesia, myostatin mutations cause double muscling that can be utilised for genetic improvement in goat breeding plan to produce a new breed with high quality meat.

The Prospect of Immunoglobulin Y for Therapy of Canine parvovirus Infection in Dogs I Gusti Ayu Agung Suartini; I Sendow
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 2 (2015): JUNE 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly infectious virus. The virus causes death in dogs worldwide. The mortality rate due to infection of CPV in dog reaches 91%. Prevention of CPV infection in puppies has been done by vaccination which is effectively proven. Protective mechanisms of maternal antibodies contribute to the failure of vaccination. Highly stable characteristics of parvovirus enable the virus still exist in the environment. Various therapies are performed only to suppress the clinical symptoms but can not reduce puppy mortalities. This review discusses CPV alternative therapy and the advantages using immunoglobulin Y (IgY) specific antibodies isolated from chicken egg yolk. Immunoglobulin Y will neutralize the virus, so it can not infect host cells. Intravenous IgY therapy has shown to suppress the spread of CPV infection and prevent death. Key words: Parvovirus, canine, immunotherapy, immunoglobulin Y

Milk Products Diversification to Increase Profit of Dairy Goat Farming Sumanto .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 26, No 4 (2016): DECEMBER 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Dairy goat farming in Indonesia is growing because goat milk is attractive as nutrient supplement and alternative medicine for human health. Selling fresh goat's milk often becomes a constraint because not all consumers can drink it due to unpleasant smell. Effort on diversification of fresh goat's milk into processed milk products is considered a good option, but only few farmers have done it. Milk processing is useful to eliminate the smell of fresh goat's milk and to increase value-added. Goat population is around 19.01 million head, while dairy goat population has not been known yet. The paper describes the benefit of processing fresh goat milk to increase goat farming profit through the improvement of feed management, and selling the processed milk. Better management increase lactation period from 170 to 250 days, milk production from <1 to 2 liter/head/day, and higher price of processed milk. Investment on 59 does and 7 bucks for five years through the goat milk diversification has increased profit by 33.53%. Diversification of processing goat milk product is necessary to increase productivity and value added of fresh milk.

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA