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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Strengthening Dairy Cooperative through National Development of Livestock Region Priyono .; A Priyanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 2 (2015): JUNE 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Establishment of dairy cattle development region needs to be conducted in accordance with the national dairy industry development plan. Dairy cattle regions have been designed and equipped with infrastructure supplies, supporting facilities, technologies, finance, processing, marketing, institutional and human resources. Dairy cooperative is one of the marketing channels of milk and milk products which have strategic roles to support the national dairy industry. Collaborations between dairy cooperatives and smallholder farmers within a district region have to be done based on agricultural ecosystems, agribusiness system, integrated farming and participatory approach. This may improve dairy cooperatives as an independent and competitive institution. Strengthening dairy cooperatives in national region dairy cattle was carried out through institutional inventory and dairy cooperatives performance; requirement of capital access, market and networks as well as education and managerial training; certification and accreditation feasibility analysis and information and technology utilization. Establishment of emerging dairy cooperatives towards small and micro enterprises is carried out by directing them to establish cooperatives which have legal certainty and business development opportunities. The impact of strengthening dairy cooperative may support dairy cattle development through increase population and milk production. Sustainable dairy cattle development needs to be supported by regional and national government policies. Key words: Dairy cooperatives, animal husbandry district development, dairy

Supported Science and Reproductive Technology to Achieve Cows Pregnancy Program Succesfully Ismeth Inounu
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 27, No 1 (2017): March 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Special efforts (UPSUS) to make cows pregnant (SIWAB) is a program to accelerate cattle population to meet the demand of animal origin food through artificial insemination or intensification of natural mating. Experience shows that a similar program that has been conducted previously was less successful. This paper aims to give some information on science, technology, and management of cattle reproduction that require attention to achieve SIWAB program successfully. Several things should be concerned for this program are: (1) Selection of fertile females and bulls; (2) Natural mating or artificial insemination (availability of semen, liquid nitrogen, supporting equipment, and inseminator); (3) Early detection of pregnancy; (4) Feed and feeding management; (5) Control of reproduction disease and other diseases; and (6) The supervision and handling of pregnant cows during and after birth. Another important thing that should be taken into account is the preparation of mating calendar so that the birth will occur during the period of abundant feed resources, and management of optimal forage and supplements to ensure good body condition of cows at the time of calving. With an understanding of science, technology, and applying reproductive management, it is expected that the targeted pregnancy cows by UPSUS program can be obtained.

Development and Conservation of Gonadal Primordial Germ Cells for Preservation of Local Chicken in Indonesia Tatan Kostaman; S Sopiyana
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 26, No 3 (2016): SEPTEMBER 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

One of the ex situ conservation techniques for poultry that recently developed was to collect primordial germ cell (PGC) or gonadal primordial germ cell (gPGC) that isolated from embryo development. Primordial germ cells (PGC) are embryonic cells that migrate to the gonads and form the precursors of gametes. The unique nature and accessibility of PGC during the early development provides an opportunity to manipulate the poultry germplasm, for example by forming germline chimeras. There are some stages that must be done through isolation and collection of PGC from its resources i.e. blastoderm, embryonic circulation blood and gonad. PGC collection originating from the gonads is one of existing PGC resources and technologies. gonadal PGC have advantages compared with other sources, namely (1) A large number of gonadal PGC can be taken from an embryo; and (2) A collection of gonadal PGC can be used in developing management systems of local avian germplasm conservation. This review is intended to describe the usefulness of isolation and collection technology of gonadal PGC as the local poultry germplasm conservation in Indonesia.

Mycoremediation to Remove Heavy Metal Pollution in Post-Mining Areas for Farmland Utilization Riza Zainuddin Ahmad
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 28, No 1 (2018): March 2018
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The agriculture land including farmland is decreasing caused by conversion to industrial area and settlement, therefore post-mining area is used to be farmlands. The utilization of post-mining area causes serious health problem in animals and humans due to heavy metal waste pollution (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb). Efforts to overcome the pollution of heavy metals on farms can be carried out by preventing and controlling waste in post-mining and industry areas. There are several mycoremediation methods to recover heavy metal polluted land such as biosorption, bioaccumulation, bioprecipitation, bioreduction, and bioleaching. Mycoremediation is a process to remove pollutants or heavy metals from soil using potential fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp, Fusarium sp, Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Mycoremediation is chosen due to economical cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly.

Utilization of Ovary Collected from Abattoir as Genetic Material Resources Arie Febretrisiana; Fitra Aji Pamungkas
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 27, No 4 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Slaughtering productive cow is commonly practiced, eventhough it is not in accordance with government program to increase livestock population in Indonesia. Ovarium from slaughtered cow contains genetic materials that have not utilized properly. The purpose of this paper is to review ovarian utilization collected from abattoir through in vitro fertilization technology. The best procedure of ovary preservation from abbatoir to the laboratory, oocyte collection techniques are required to produce qualified embryo. Transportation of ovary to laboratory requires proper temperature and time. Slicing method obtains high quantity and good quality of oocyte. The quality of oocytes collected from abattoir as good as those taken from live animal. Ovaries that previously as waste product can be used for in vitro production of embryos and livestock genetic material resources.

Prevention of Productive Cows Slaughter through Management of Local State Enterprises Atien Priyanti; Ismeth Inounu; Nyak Ilham
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 27, No 2 (2017): June 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Based on the last national livestock census in 2013, the population number of cattle and buffalo have reduced by 15% compared to that in 2011. The highest reduction happened in Java that reached around 24-27%, while that in Bali and Nusa Tenggara was 25%. One of the reasons was caused by decreasing number of cows due to the increase of productive cows slaughtered every year. Number of cows slaughtered in Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and South Sulawesi had reached on average of 72% from total slaughtered, where more than 90% were productive cows. Reasons for slaughtering productive cows were due to: (1) Lower cows price; (2) Limited bulls supply; (3) Local government regulation on inter-island trade; (4) Weak and inconsistent law enforcement; and (5) Lack of understanding on criteria for productive cows by farmers. Increased rate of slaughtered cattle and increasing rate of inter-island trade volumes that higher than the rate of cattle population had caused the decrease of national cattle population. There are currently needs to improve and develop operation slaughter-houses under management of local state enterprise. The management applies on certain mechanisms that sort of incoming productive females according to different grades into allowable to be slaughtered and selected for breeding females, which could be further traded inter-island as supplier of cows for other regions. This strategy may help the central government to meet the demand for productive cows, particularly in Sumatera and Kalimantan which have abundance of feed biomass resources. Policy support is needed as instruments for all interested stakeholders including those who are willing to invest in cattle development such as oil-palm estates.

Genetic Reassortment Among the Influenza Viruses (Avian Influenza, Human Influenza and Swine Influenza) in Pigs Dyah Ayu Hewajuli; Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 4 (2012): DECEMBER 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Influenza A virus is a hazardous virus and harm to respiratory tract. The virus infect birds, pigs, horses, dogs, mammals and humans. Pigs are important hosts in ecology of the influenza virus because they have two receptors, namely NeuAc 2,3Gal and NeuAc 2,6Gal which make the pigs are sensitive to infection of influenza virus from birds and humans and genetic reassortment can be occurred. Classical swine influenza H1N1 viruses had been circulated in pigs in North America and other countries for 80 years. In 1998, triple reassortant H3N2 swine influenza viruses that contains genes of human influenza A virus (H3N2), swine influenza virus (H1N1) and avian influenza are reported as cause an outbreaks in pigs in North America. Furthermore, the circulation of triple reassortant H3N2 swine influenza virus resulting reassortant H1N1 swine influenza and reassortant H1N2 swine influenza viruses cause infection in humans. Humans who were infected by triple reassortant swine influenza A virus (H1N1) usually made direct contact with pigs. Although without any clinical symptoms, pigs that are infected by triple reassortant swine influenza A (H1N1) can transmit infection to the humans around them. In June 2009, WHO declared that pandemic influenza of reassortant H1N1 influenza A virus (novel H1N1) has reached phase 6. In Indonesia until 2009, there were 1005 people were infected by H1N1 influenza A and 5 of them died. Novel H1N1 and H5N1 viruses have been circulated in humans and pigs in Indonesia. H5N1 reassortant and H1N1 viruses or the seasonal flu may could arise because of genetic reassortment between avian influenza and humans influenza viruses that infect pigs together.Key words: influenza viruses, swine, genetic reassortment

Development of Feed and Organic Fertilizer Bioindustry Based on Cocoa-Goat Integration Gunawan .; Chalid Talib
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 26, No 4 (2016): DECEMBER 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The cacao farmers generally experienced problems on low cacao productivity and hence farmer’s income. The aim of this paper is to describe concept on the development of feed and organic fertilizer bioindustry based on cacao-goat integration to enhance productivity and farmer’s income. The potential cacao-goat integration covers 1.4 million hectares of cacao plantation and 7.8 million head of goats in nine provinces. Implementation of cacao-goat integration allows to use cacao biomass as feed for goats, and goat’s manure can be applied as fertilizer for cacao plantation. Bioindustry of feed is developed from 3.3 million tons biomass of cacao that consisted of 1.9 million tons of cacao pods and 1.4 million tons of cacao leaves. Bioindustry productions of solid and liquid organic fertilizer are 0.6 million tons and 344 million liters, respectively. The development of feed and organic fertilizer bioindustry is appropriate to improve cacao and goat productivities lead to increase farmer’s income.

DNA Amplification Technique for Detection of Bovine Brucellosis Susan Maphilindawati Noor
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 28, No 2 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Brucellosis is one of cattle diseases which causes a very significant economic loss and categorized as zoonotic disease. Early detection of Brucellosis in livestock is very important to prevent the spread of disease to livestock and humans. The success of Brucellosis control depends on rapid, sensitive and specific detection methods. The aim of this paper is to review several methods of Brucellosis detection in cattle. Currently, the detection of Brucellosis in Indonesia is using serological and isolation methods. The latter method is the gold standard of Brucellosis diagnosis, however, its sensitivity is low. Therefore, molecular techniques with DNA amplification have been developed and applied in many countries both in livestock and humans because they are more sensitive, specific and rapid in detecting Brucella sp in blood, milk and semen samples. Various DNA amplification methods for detection of Brucellosis that have been developed including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), finger printing and loop-mediated isothermal amplificatiom (LAMP). Both PCR and LAMP are more sensitive and specific in detecting Brucella sp than conventional techniques. PCR technique has advantages in detecting Brucella sp species to serotype and biovar levels. In addition, PCR reagents are cheaper and easier to obtain than LAMP eventhough, LAMP procedure is simpler and faster.

Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as an Alternative Protein Source for Animal Feed April Hari Wardhana
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 26, No 2 (2016): JUNE 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Increasing demand of protein source for animal feed, particularly fish meal and soybean meal has led to a problem in the future. It is a need to look for an alternative protein source, in order to meet amino acid requirements maintaining livestock production level. Insects possesing high quality, efficient dan rich protein content at all life stages such as Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) could be used as one of the alternatives. The flies grow and reproduce easily, have high feed efficiency and can be reared on bio-waste streams. These are neither pests nor vectors of diseases. Insect meal generally possesses levels of chemical contaminants which are below recommended maximum concentrations. The larvae have antibacterial (Escherichia coli O15:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis) and antiviral (enterovirus and adenovirus ) properties. Larvae of BSF could be scaled up easily and possess 40-50% protein content, including some essential amino acids that can be used to replace both fish meal and soybean meal in feed.

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Jawa barat

INDONESIA