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Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 20878273     EISSN : 24606278     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture (JITAA) is a double blind peer-reviewed publication devoted to disseminate all information contributing to the understanding and development of animal agriculture in the tropics by publication of original research papers
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 35, No 3 (2010): (September)" : 11 Documents clear
THE POTENCY OF DAIRY CATTLE AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN SEMARANG REGENCY, CENTRAL JAVA Mukson, M.; Ekowati, T.; Handayani, M.; Gayatri, S.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 35, No 3 (2010): (September)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.35.3.179-184

Abstract

The study aimed to analyze the potency of dairy cattle agribusiness development in SemarangRegency and the factors influencing the potency of dairy cattle agribusiness development. The studywas conducted from September to December 2008 in Semarang Regency, Central Java, using surveymethod. Three districts were purposively chosen based on the largest population of dairy cattle in theSemarang Regency. Of the three districts selected, six villages were chosen based on the largestpopulation of dairy cattle. The respondents were chosen randomly using simple random, hence thesample size in this study was 90. Data were gathered through primary and secondary data. The data wereanalyzed descriptively and statistically. The analysis of LQ (Location Quotient) was used to analyze thepotency of dairy cattle agribusiness development, while the multiple regression model was used todetermine the factors affecting the potency of dairy cattle agribusiness development, with the followingregression equation: Y = a + b1x1 + b2x2 + b3x3 + b4x4 + b5x5 b7x7 b6x6 + + + e, whereas Y = is theproduction of milk, and x1 to X7, respectively, are x1 (age), x2 (education), x3 (Number of familymembers), x4 (number of lactating cows), x5 ( amount of feed, forage), x6 (amount of feed concentrate)and X7 (calving interval). The results showed that the potency of dairy cattle agribusiness developmentin Semarang Regency is potential (LQ> 1) with the value of 4.67 and LQ Population GDP = 1.71. Thisstudy indicated that socio, economic and demographic resources are important factors that can helpdevelop and improve dairy cattle farming. Meanwhile, there were significant relationships between 7independent factors and the potency of dairy cattle agribusiness development, with the followingregression equation: Y = -6.082 + 0.032 x1 + 0.223 x2 + 0.717 x3 + 9.221 x4 + 0.067 x5 x6 + 0.486 -0.323 X7 + e. Moreover, the value of R2 = 0.886, it is indicated that 88.6% of the variation in the thedependent variable can be explained by the independent variable, only 11.40% can be explained by othervariables.
THE EFFECTS OF DIETS CONTAINING DIFFERENT LEVEL OF NON-STARCH POLYSACCHARIDES ON PERFORMANCE AND CANNIBALISM IN LAYING HENS Hartini, S.; Choct, M.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 35, No 3 (2010): (September)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.35.3.145-150

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to observe the effect of different diets containing different level ofnon-starch polysaccharides (NSP) on performance and cannibalism of laying hens. Six diets (wheatbased,rice hull-based, plant protein-based, millrun-based, MOS, and bentonite) were used and wererandomly given to 6 groups of ISA Brown hens, with 18 replicates per group and 5 birds per replicatefor 8 weeks. The results showed that diets did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on cannibalismmortality, but numerically the rice hull diet gave the lowest effect, the millrun gave the intermediateeffect, whereas the plant protein diet gave the largest negative effect. Diet significantly affected feedintake (P<0.01), egg production (P<0.01), feed to egg ratio (P<0.01) and egg weight (P<0.05). Birds onmillrun diet had the lowest intake, but the feed to egg ratio was superior and egg production was thehighest compared to those fed other diets. In contrast, the feed to egg ratio in rice hull diet was inferior,and egg weight was also lighter than those fed other diets. In conclusion, fibre sources have beenverified as contributing factors involved in the outbreak of cannibalism in laying hens. Diets containinghigh insoluble NSP had a potential to decrease the mortality due to cannibalism.
SCALE-UP STUDIES ON IMMOBILIZATION OF LACTOPEROXIDASE USING MILK WHEY FOR PRODUCING ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT Al-Baarri, A.N.; Agawa, M.; Hayakawa, S.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 35, No 3 (2010): (September)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.35.3.185-191

Abstract

Hypothiocyanite (OSCN–), produced by lactoperoxidase (LPO) in the presence of SCN– and H2O2,inhibits the growth of bacteria. This inhibition is called by LPO system (LPOS). Our laboratory scalestudy in previous experiment showed that whey immobilized on SP-Sepharose Fast Flow (SP-FF) couldproduce OSCN– continuously. Then, the purpose of this study is to scale up continuous production ofOSCN– using immobilized whey. Immobilized whey was generated by circulating various amounts ofwhey through SP-FF. To generate OSCN–, 10 ml of the substrate solution containing 0.5 mM SCN– and0.5 mM H2O2, was circulated through immobilized whey and followed by washing with pure water. Thenext cycle was done by circulating a fresh 10 ml of substrate solution at the same concentration. Theresult indicated that a stable immobilization efficiency of more than 90% was achieved in the SP-FFcirculated with 300 ml or less of whey per gram of SP-FF. When stored at 4˚C, immobilized wheyretained 80% LPO activity until 3 weeks storage. The reaction solution discharged from immobilizedwhey was observed to contain approximately 0.4 mM OSCN–. The experiment using 1.0 g ofimmobilized whey produced a stable 0.4 mM OSCN– production and antimicrobial activity for at least 6cycles. The increase in resin volume accompanied by the increase in whey volume resulted the extensionof a stable OSCN– production. The experiment using recycled SP-FF did not affect to the stability ofOSCN– production and antimicrobial activity. These results may open the way for the large-scaleproduction of OSCN−.
DIGESTION OF HIGH FIBER DIET IN SHEEP AND GOAT OF JENEPPONTO Rahardja, D.P.; Lestari, V.S.; Hatta, M.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 35, No 3 (2010): (September)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.35.3.151-157

Abstract

Four does (goat, G) and four ewes (sheep, S) of Jeneponto were fed chaffed rice straw hay (3.7%crude protein, 63.5% cell wall constituents, 44.5% acid detergent fiber and 6.2% acid detergent lignin,all based on dry matter). The intakes and digestibility of the diet by G and S were compared. Bothspecies consumed the same level of the diet. G digested dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crudefiber, and lignin of the diet to a significant higher extent than did by S. The superiority of G over S indigesting the diet was attributable with longer retention time of ruminal fluid and particulate matters inthe rumen and the entire gut, which then resulted in higher proportion of small size particles (<1 mmsieve), higher proportions of propionic, butyric, valeric and isovaleric acid concentrations produced inthe rumen. Additionally for further studies, there were some possibilities of G having a better chewingactivity (duration and intensity), and ability to maintain higher rumen ammonia levels by a greater urearecycle to the rumen, particularly through salivation.
THE EFFECT OF RESTRICTED FEEDING AND DIFFERENT OF SLAUGHTERING AGE ON PRODUCTION OF REX RABBIT PELT Yurniati, Y.; Raharjo, Y.C.; Kusmajadi, S.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 35, No 3 (2010): (September)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.35.3.192-196

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to study the interaction between slaughter age and restricted feed, aswell as the influence of each factor on the production of rex rabbits pelt. Randomized Block Designwith Factorial was used in this experiment with the first factor was 3 levels of restricted feedingtreatment where the amount of feed as follow: P1= 100 % from the total feed requirement, P2 = 80%from total feed requirement and P3 = 60% from the total feed requirement. Feed was given in the amountof rabbits requirement, in which 100% of the total requirement was calculated based on body weight(6.7% of body weight in dry matter basis), and second factor was 3 levels of slaughter age (U1= 120 d,U2= 150 d, U3= 180 d) and each treatment was repeated 6 times. The data were analyzed by Anova,and analyzing between the treatments used Contrast Orthogonal. The variable measured were peltproduction (weight pelt, width pelt, thickness dermis and epidermis) of Rex rabbit. There was aninteraction betwen slaughtered age and the amount of feed given to Rex rabbits. Feeding 80% from thetotal feed requirement and the slaughtered age at 150 d were the most efficient in producing pelt of Rexrabbits, with weight 261.0 ± 30.33 g, width 928.0 ± 75.5 cm2, and epidermal thickness 32.50 ± 1.1μ,and dermis 2685.50 ± 15.0 μ.
EFFECT OF FERMENTED CHUB MACKEREL EXTRACT ON LIPID METABOLISM OF DIABETIC RATS Santoso, U.; Ishikawa, S.; Tanaka, K.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 35, No 3 (2010): (September)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.35.3.158-164

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented chub mackerel extract(FCME) on lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. Four week-old male Wistar rats were divided into threegroups based on weight. All rats were induced with diabetes mellitus by single intraperitoneal injectionof streptozotocin at 45 mg/kg body weight. Thereafter, they were randomly distributed to threetreatments with 7 rats assigned to each treatment. One group was the control with no additive, and twotreatmentgroups were given the purified diets supplemented with 1% or 2% FCME. Experimentalresults showed that in comparison to the control, diabetic rats fed FCME increased feed intake (P<0.01)and body weight gain (P<0.05). FCME inclusion significantly reduced the activities of acetyl-CoAcarboxylase (P<0.01) and fatty acid synthetase (P<0.05) in diabetic rats. FCME significantly increasedcholesterol 7 -hydroxylase with no effect on HMG-CoA reductase activity. FCME had no effect onhepatic triglyceride, free cholesterol and phospholipid. FCME inclusion at 1% level significantlyreduced serum triglyceride. FCME significantly increased HDL-cholesterol (P<0.05) with no effect onLDL + VLDL-cholesterol, and significantly reduced atherogenic index. FCME did not significantlyaffect serum insulin and glucose concentration. In conclusion, FCME supplementation altered lipidmetabolism in diabetic rats. FCME supplementation reduced the risk of atherosclerosis in diabetic rats.
IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL FUNGI ISOLATED FROM ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L) TO FIND SPECIFIC FUNGI WHICH IMPROVED THE GROWTH OF ALFALFA Yudiarti, T.; Sumarsono, S.; Widjayanto, D.W.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 35, No 3 (2010): (September)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.35.3.197-200

Abstract

Objective of the study was to identify all kinds of fungi which can life in the alfalfa plantation inBaturaden Purwokerto-Central Java. Fungi used in this study was 38 isolates. All fungi have been takenfrom the isolation of soil and root of diseased plant. Macroscopic and microscopic methods were usedfor identification. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was used to grow the fungi. All fungi wereidentified using book identification of fungi. The results showed that from 38 isolates, six species wasdetermined and one was unidentifed. Those species identified were Cuninghammela sp, Trichoderma sp,Vertilicium sp, Eupenicillium sp, Pythium sp, Aspergillus sp.
RUMINAL FERMENTATION KINETICS OF MORINGA AND PELTIPHYLLUM SUPPLEMENTS DURING EARLY INCUBATION PERIOD IN THE IN VITRO READING PRESSURE TECHNIQUE Jayanegara, A.; Sabhan, T.; Takyi, A.K.; Salih, A.O.; Hoffmann, E.M.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 35, No 3 (2010): (September)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.35.3.165-171

Abstract

This experiment was aimed to observe rumen fermentation kinetics of alternative supplements, i.e.Moringa oleifera and Peltiphyllum peltatum leaves added to maize silage diet as compared to aconventional supplement (barley-soya). A total of six treatments were investigated in the present study,which consisted of: maize silage (A), M. oleifera (B), P. peltatum (C), maize silage + concentrate (56:44,w/w; D), maize silage + M. oleifera (56:44, w/w; E), and maize silage + concentrate + P. peltatum(47:37:16, w/w/w; F). The feeds were incubated in vitro in three replicates (completely randomized)using the Reading Pressure Technique system. Approximately 800 mg of the feeds were mixed by 75 mlof buffered rumen liquor. The incubation was carried out up to 12 h in bottles and gas pressure wasrecorded and released in regular intervals. Repeated sampling was conducted for analysis offermentation products at 1, 6 and 12 h of incubation period. The results showed that the nutritionalquality of Moringa and its fermentation pattern was comparable to that of barley-soya concentrate. PlainMoringa incubation resulted the highest production of iso-SCFA and soluble protein concentrationamong all treatments after 12 h incubation (P<0.05). Incubation of sole Peltiphyllum peltatum highlyhampered the fermentation rate. Production of iso-SCFA both for plain Peltiphyllum and its mixturewere comparatively low. Supplementation of Peltiphyllum increased significantly soluble proteinconcentration during 12 h incubation (P<0.05). Peltiphyllum also had a very low C2+C4/C3 ratiocompared to other treatments. It could be concluded that Moringa oleifera is a potential alternativesupplement to replace either partially or completely concentrate as a conventional supplement, andPeltiphyllum peltatum supplementation could reduce excessive protein degradation and fermentation ofthe concentrate in the rumen.
HISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE PANCREATIC  -CELL NUMBER OF INDIGENOUS CHICKS IN FIRST CROSSBRED (F1) Saragih, H.T.S.S.G.; Daryono, B.S.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 35, No 3 (2010): (September)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.35.3.201-205

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the total pancreatic -cell number of chicks in firstcrossbred (F1) with potential as broiler. The total number of twenty day-old male chicks consisted ofDOCs Cobb 500 broiler line as a control group and those of Pelung and the crossbred of Pelung andCemani chicks with the average body weight of 30 gram as materials. They were divided into fourgroups, in which each group has 5 male DOC's. Group 1 was DOCs from parent of Cobb 500 broiler asthe control; Group 2 was DOCs from parent of Pelung; Group 3 was crossbred DOCs from male parentCemani line and female parent Pelung line; and Group 4 was crossbred DOCs taken from male parent ofPelung and female parent of Cemani. Chick body weight of each group was measured at 7th week.Histological process was carried out on five DOCs of each group previously raised until seven weeksold and at the end of experiment all chicks were euthanized for pancreatic organs, particularly tissuesamples of pancreas, made as histological preparates. Data from the histological probe on totalpancreatic -cell number was statistically analyzed using the ANOVA of One Way Classification, andthen followed by the LSD-test. Result of the study showed that average body weights of DOCs in thecontrol group of Cobb 500 (2770±58.31) significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to the groups of 2, 3,and 4 (652.4±32.77, 570.4±14.45, and 628±37.2 g, respectively). Total pancreatic -cell number in thecontrol group of Cobb 500 broiler chicks (2.76x106±0.20x 106) significantly higher compared to thegroups of 2, 3, and 4 (1.93 x106±0.34 x106, 1.64x106±0.30x106, and 1.71 x106±0.19 x106, respectively).The results of this study revealed that total pancreatic -cell number can be used as an indicator of thegrowth and development of chick.
FATTY ACIDS PROFILE OF MEAT, MUCOSAL sIgA CONCENTRATION AND PRODUCTION INDEX OF BROILER AS A RESPONSE TO CHLORELLA sp. ADMINISTRATION IN THE DIET Sugiharto, S.; Henckel, P.; Lauridsen, C.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 35, No 3 (2010): (September)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.35.3.172-178

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of Chlorella sp. in the form ofmeal administrated in the diet of broilers throughout their life upon FA profile of the breast muscle,mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) concentration and production index (PI) of broiler. Allotted in 18 pens, thetotal of 90 Ross day old chicks were assigned in completely randomized design by 3 of dietarytreatments (T1: control (basal diet without enrichment of Chlorella sp.); T2: basal diet enriched with 5-gChlorella sp./kg feed; T3): basal diet enriched with 10-g Chlorella sp./kg feed. At d-36, skinless breastmeat was collected for FA determination. Practical standard of vaccination was performed to activateantibodies production and at d-36 gut mucosa was collected for sIgA analysis. Chlorella sp.administration had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the FA profile of breast muscle, mucosal sIgAconcentration and producton index of broiler. In conclusion, the level and ratio between n-3 to n-6polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as well as the nature of dietary PUFA source determine tissue PUFAcomposition. Beside through eicosanoid, Chlorella sp. may affect mucosal sIgA production throughcytokines mediated effect. Although Chlorella sp. administration does not improve the production indexof broiler, this treatment may produce broiler meat with lower fat content.

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