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Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 20878273     EISSN : 24606278     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture (JITAA) is a double blind peer-reviewed publication devoted to disseminate all information contributing to the understanding and development of animal agriculture in the tropics by publication of original research papers
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 676 Documents
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Growth performance, intestinal morphology, and carcass traits in broiler chicken fed Conocarpus erectus leaf meal M. F. Al-qazzaz; A. M. Humam; H. A. AI- Mashhadani; O. A. Aljumaili; H. N. Ezzat
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 48, No 1 (2023): March
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.1.58-73

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of adding Conocarpus erectus leaf meal to the diet on the perfor-mance, carcass traits, organ weights, and intestinal morphology of broiler chicken. A total of 396 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were assigned to nine treatments, which included 0, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75%, and 2% C. erectus leaf meal addition to the broiler diet. Feed and bird weights were recorded weekly. On slaughter day, the weights of carcasses and organs were individual-ly reported using a digital scale as well as the intestine samples were pooled for tissue analysis. High levels of C. erectus leaf meal reduced (P<0.01) body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. The basal diet and 0.25% C. erectus leaf meal diet reported higher (P<0.01) body weight and body weight gain than did the other treatments. Birds fed 0.25% C. erectus leaf meal supplementation performed similarly to those fed the basal diet. Significantly, with increasing amounts of C. erectus leaf meal in the diets, there was a linear slope decrease in live weight and body weight gain as well as a linear slope rise in the values of feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Carcass trait and relative organ weights were not altered among the dietary treatments. Feeding 1% C. erectus leaf meal diet decreased (P<0.01) relative abdominal fat weight compared to birds fed the control diet. Birds fed dietary C. erectus treatments had higher (P<0.01) villus height, villus width, crypt depth, and lower villus height/crypt depth ratio than did birds fed the control diet. In conclusion, the study indicated that feeding 0.25% C. erectus leaf meal showed no deleterious effects on the growth performance of the broiler. Growth performance and intestinal morphology were linearly reduced when broilers were fed up 2% of C. erectus meal.
Econometric analysis of profit efficiency of broiler farms in Ondo state, Nigeria O. L. Balogun; M. D. Olumide; K. Ayantoye; A. M. Bolarinwa; T. O. Agboola
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 48, No 3 (2023): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.232-240

Abstract

Researchers have recently focused their attention on the chicken producers' inability to produce in sufficient quantities and quality, which contributes to the high price of locally produced chickens. The study investigated the profit efficiency of broiler farms in Ondo state, Nigeria. In order to collect cross-sectional data from sixty owners of broiler poultry farms in the study area between October 2021 and January 2022 for the 2021 production year, a multistage survey technique was used. The data were an-alyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin and Cobb-Douglas stochastic profit frontier model. Average stock size and mortality rate of farmers were 1826 birds and 3.3% respectively while Ross strain of birds was most preferred birds. The result indicated that broiler farming is a lucrative busi-ness with a profitability index of 45.5 %. The results reveal that the cost of feed, cost of labour used and day-old chicks were the variables that significantly explained the profit efficiency of broiler poul-try farms while household size, years of experience and other income source were the profit inefficien-cy variables. The study recommends government supports to broiler farms in form of input subsidies to enhance efficiency
Effect of synbiotic plus selenium or betaine on performance, intestinal health, nutrient digestibility, and carcass quality of Tegal ducks I. Mangisah; S. Sugiharto
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 48, No 3 (2023): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.222-231

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effect of synbiotics and synbiotics plus Selenium or betaine on the performance, intestinal ecology, nutrient digestibility, and carcass quality of Tegal ducks. A total of 200 ducks were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a completely randomized study. The treatment groups included control (basal feed without any additive), synbiotics (Syn; basal feed supple-mented with 2% synbiotics), synbiotic plus selenium (Syn+Se; basal feed supplemented with 2% syn-biotics and 10 mg/kg selenium), synbiotic plus betaine (Syn+Bet; basal feed supplemented with 2% synbiotics and 500 mg/kg betaine). The Tegal duck performance, intestinal health, nutrient digestibil-ity, and carcass quality were determined at the end of the study. Final body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p<0.05) in ducks given synbiotic plus selenium compared to other treat-ments. Betaine or selenium in combination with synbiotics lowered (p<0.05) the caecum’s pH values. Synbiotic plus selenium or betaine enhanced (p<0.05) the numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), but did not reduce the colonies of Escherichia coli in the caecum of ducks. Crude protein and crude fiber digestibility in Tegal ducks were considerably (p<0.05) improved by the administration of synbiotics, synbiotics plus selenium, or synbiotics plus betaine as compared to control. The Syn+Bet treatment, in contrast to the Syn and Syn+Se treatments, substantially (p<0.05) enhanced N and Ca retention. The Syn+Se and Syn+Bet groups had higher (p<0.05) carcass and thigh proportions than the control and Syn groups. The Syn+Se and Syn+Bet groups had higher (p<0.05) meat weights than the control and Syn groups. The treatment groups had less (p<0.05) abdominal fat than the control. Total cholesterol of meats was lower (p<0.05) in ducks treated with synbiotics or a combination of synbiotics with seleni-um or betaine. In conclusion, dietary administration of synbiotic plus selenium resulted in improved body weight, FCR, intestinal ecology, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, meat weight and total cho-lesterol in meats of Tegal ducks.
A comparative study on histopathological features of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum from broiler chicken with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infection F. N. A. E. P. Dameanti; A. O. Dacosta; S. L. Adrenalin; M. Fatmawati; F. S. Permata; H. P. Siswanto; T. Ariyanti
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 48, No 3 (2023): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.194-207

Abstract

Avian colibacillosis is a high-prevalence chicken farm disease caused by avian pathogen-ic Escherichia coli (APEC). It is necessary to identify and look up to the bacterial activity to stave off a decline in chicken performance. This study aimed to identify and determine the pathogenetic activity of APEC within broiler chickens on the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum histopathology comparison. The samples were collected from a total of 40 broilers, obtained from a highest-colibacillosis historical chicken house, identified with bacterial isolation swab-technique, and analyzed with nonparametric statistical lesions scoring. The identification result showed 82.5% E. coli with a 62.5% APEC con-firmed. The histopathological feature showed a significant difference (p<0.05), where the jejunum ap-peared to encounter the most significant damage compared to the duodenum and ileum. Thus, it is con-cluded that APEC field infection varies in characteristics and pathogenicity, which affects intestinal organs based on the histology changes, mainly in the jejunum part of the intestine.
Egg yolk cholesterol, egg quality, and performance in response to copper–methionine chelates and alfalfa powder supplementation in Nick chick laying hen diets A. S. Noori; Z. Jameel; A. A. Saki; P. Zamani; S. Mirzaei Goudarzi
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 48, No 3 (2023): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.182-193

Abstract

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of different levels of copper–methionine chelates and alfalfa powder on egg yolk cholesterol content, egg quality, and performance in laying hens. In this experiment, a total of 100 laying hens (Nick Chick strain, from 109 to 117 weeks of age) were arranged into five experimental treatments, consisting of 2 different dietary alfalfa powder and 2 different copper chelate levels in a (2x2) factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The treat-ments groups included: T1 Control (Corn and soybean meal), treatments T2 (3% alfalfa powder+50 mg/kg copper-methionine chelate), T3 (3% alfalfa powder+100 mg/kg copper-methionine chelate), T4 (6% alfalfa powder+50 mg/kg copper-methionine chelate) and T5 (6% alfalfa powder+100 mg/kg cop-per-methionine chelate). The results of this study have shown that, different levels of alfalfa powder and copper-methionine chelate in laying hens diet except feed conversion ratio and shell-less eggs, oth-er performance parameters were not substantially affected by the level of 3% alfalfa powder through-out of experimental period (P>0.05). Moreover, different levels of alfalfa powder and copper-methionine chelate except egg yolk color had no significant effect on internal and external egg quality traits during the whole experimental period (P>0.05). As well as, the egg yolk color index was signifi-cantly increased by increasing the level of alfalfa powder in the laying hens’ diet (P<0.001). The high-est egg yolk color index was observed in treatment 5 which (containing 6% alfalfa powder+ 100 mg / kg copper-methionine chelate in per kg of diet). Meanwhile, the treatment group that received (6% al-falfa powder+100mg/kg copper- methionine chelate) the egg yolk cholesterol concentration was signif-icantly decreased compared to the control group (P<0.001). Therefore, addition of alfalfa powder and copper methionine chelate to the diet of laying hens reduced egg yolk cholesterol and increased egg yolk color.
A study on the evaluation of Indonesian local microbial phytase supplementation and its impact on broiler chicken performance, metabolic energy utilization, ileal histomorphology, and meat and bone mineralization A. E. Suryani; A. S. Anggraeni; M. F. Karimy; L. Istiqomah; H. Herdian
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 48, No 3 (2023): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.208-221

Abstract

The effect of local Indonesian microbial phytase, derived from L. plantarum A1-E extracted from the small intestine of Indonesian free-range chickens and C. tropicalis TKd-3 obtained from fermented Indonesian soybean tempe, on growth performance, metabolizable energy, ileal histomorphology, and meat and bone mineralization in broilers is the subject of evaluation in this study. A total of 140 day-old broiler chicks were divided into four treatments, five replicates, and seven chicks in each replicate. The research was carried out for 28 days. The experimental groups consisted of a basal diet without phytase (FA) serving as the negative control, a basal diet supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of L. plantarum A1-E phytase (FB), a basal diet supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of C. tropicalis TKd-3 phytase (FC), and a basal diet with commercial phytase as the positive control (FD). The results revealed that the broiler performance index increased by the FB and FC treatments (P<0.05), and the FC treatment exhibited a tendency to enhance metabolizable energy (P=0.06). The result of ileum histomorphology showed that the FB treatment increased villous height, the ratio of villous height to crypt depth, and villous surface area (P<0.05). The highest mineral content of phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in broiler breast meat was obtained in the FB treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the highest mineral content of calcium (Ca), P, Mg, zinc (Zn), and Fe in thigh meat was found in the FC treatment (P<0.05). The mineralization of the tibia bone demonstrated that the FB treatment exerted a significant effect (P<0.05) on the P, Mg, and Fe mineral content. In conclusion, the performance index increased due to microbial phytase supplementation. Besides that, L. plantarum A1-E phytase improved the surface area of the villus, the absorption of ileum minerals, the mineral content of breast meat, and minerals deposition in the tibia.
Haplotype and phylogenetic diversity using mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene marker in Bali cattle T. Suselowati; R. R. Noor; J. Jakaria
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 48, No 3 (2023): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.169-181

Abstract

Bali cattle is one of Indonesia's original livestock genetic resources. The 12S rRNA can be used as a marker of genetic diversity, and until now, there has been no report on Bali cattle. The study was aimed to analyze the gene of mtDNA 12S rRNA to determine haplotype diversity and phylogenetics in Bali cattle populations of the eastern region of Indonesia. A total of 95 blood samples used consisted of three different populations which were Bali cattle, Ongole crossbred (PO) and Madura cattle as a comparison. This research was analyzed using PCR and sequencing methods. The data were analyzed using the cluster W method for estimating genetic distances, calculating diversity, and reconstructing phylogenetic trees using the MEGAX, DNAsP and Network. The genetic distance values ranged from 0.00200 to 0.01508, and the Haplotype diversity values ranged from 0.66000 to 0.91111. The nucleo-tide diversity values ranged from 0.00174 to 0.01673. There were 16 haplotypes found. The values of Gst, Nst and Fst were 0.00803, 0.07550, 0.07622; respectively. Based on the analysis, there were dif-ferences between Bali cattle from various populations, there were specific haplotypes. The 12S rRNA gene can be used as a genetic marker for diversity studies in Bali cattle and other cattle breeds although the diversity is low.
The stressing effect of shearing in mid-pregnancy of Zandi ewes on live weight and body sizes of twin lambs at the time of birth Kalhor, M.; Eila, N.; Zarei, A.; Noshary, A.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 48, No 2 (2023): June
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.2.150-158

Abstract

This research investigated the effect of stress of mid-pregnancy shorn Zandi ewes on the live birth weight and body sizes of twin lambs. A total of 96 Zandi ewes, confirmed pregnant with twins, were randomly allocated on day 80 of pregnancy into 4 groups, each group containing 6 replicates (each replicate containing 4 sheep). The experimental groups included: 1. Control, 2. Crutched, 3. Sham-Shorn, and 4. Shorn. Blood cortisol concentrations of the ewes in the experimental shorn treat-ment group increased significantly compared to control (P<0.05). The average length of pregnancy in the ewes of the shorn treatment group was 2 and 1.5 days longer than the control and Sham-Shorn groups (P<0.05). Lambs born from ewes given the shorn treatment were heavier at birth as compared to the lambs of the other treatments, as well as having longer body lengths, arms, and legs (P<0.05). In general, the results showed that the ewes that were shorn in mid-pregnancy had a higher cortisol con-centration, and it had a significant effect on the birth weight and sizes of the lambs compared to other treatments.
Analysis of CSN2 Exon 7 gene diversity and its association with Sapera goat milk composition G. Deviandini; R. R. Noor; E. Taufik; S. A. Asmarasari
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 48, No 3 (2023): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.161-168

Abstract

Sapera goats, a crossbreed between Saanen and Etawa Grade goats, are known for their milk pro-duction and adaptability to the Indonesian climate. Genetic selection is necessary to improve the Sa-pera goat's milk quality and quantity. CSN2 gene is one of the genes that can affect the composition of goat milk. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the mutation points (SNPs) at the CSN2 exon 7 gene and its association with Sapera goat's milk composition. This study used sixty-six blood and milk sam-ples of Sapera goats collected from the Livestock Research Center, Ciawi. This study found two muta-tion points (SNPs) at g.8946C>T and g.8956G>A. The association analysis showed that SNP g.8946C>T was significantly associated with the lactose and salt content of Sapera goat's milk. In con-clusion, SNP g.8946C>T can be used as a genetic marker to improve the composition of Sapera goat milk with high lactose and salt content.
Intestinal microflora, body fat profiles and performance of male Tegal duck fed diet supplemented with red tomato extract Rochman, F.; Ismadi, V. D. Y. B.; Krismiyanto, L.; Suthama, N.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 49, No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.49.1.29-40

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of red tomato extract (RTE) on intestinal microflora, fat digestibility, body fat (meat fat mass, abdominal fat), and performances of male tegal duck. One hundred birds of male tegal ducks of 3 weeks old (initial body weight was 507.74±31.86 g) were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 5 replications (5 birds each) in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were basal diet without RTE as a control (T0), basal diet added with 0.10% RTE (T1), basal diet added with 0.15% RTE (T2) and basal diet added with 0.20% RTE (T3). Parameters measured were lactic acid bacteria (LAB), coliform, intestinal pH, fat digestibility, meat fat mass, abdominal fat, blood concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), body weight gain (BWG), carcass weight, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and continued to Duncan multiple range test when the treatment indicated significant (p<0.05) effect. Supplementation of RTE at higher level significanly (p<0.05) increased lactic acid bacteria (LAB), concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD), carcass weight and body weight gain (BWG), while fat digestibility, meat fat mass, abdominal fat, malondialdehyde (MDA), intestinal pH, coliform counts and feed conversion ratio decreased (p<0.05), as compared to control. Feed consumption tended to decrease but not significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, feeding red tomato extract at a level of 0.20% (T3) can be categorized as effective in improving intestinal bacterial balance, body fat, increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme, and performances of male tegal duck.

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