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Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25032178     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research (JBTR) is an open access, international peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on: clinical medicine, molecular medicine, tropical medicine, infectious diseases, cardiovascular medicine, molecular biology, genetics, immunology, microbiology, biochemistry, and pharmacotherapy with particular interest on the link between clinical and basic research called translational research.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 173 Documents
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Association of Growth Velocity with Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Levels in Children with a Vegan Diet Arie Purwana; Budiono Budiono; Jose RL Batubara; Muhammad Faizi
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 6, No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v6i1.5474

Abstract

Background: The vegan diet in children provides the benefit of reducing the risk of being overweight and improving the fat profile. The risk that can occur in the provision of a vegan diet in children is anthropometric size below reference and low caloric intake. Growth hormone (GH) and Insulin like Growth Factors (IGFs) are powerful stimulators for longitudinal growth of bone and require insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBPs) which acts as a transport protein for IGF-1. A vegan diet with lower calorie intake in children has lower IGF-I levels than children with an omnivorous diet.Objective: Examining the effect of vegan diets on IGF-1 levels, IGFBP-3 levels, and growth velocity.Methods: This study was done with a prospective cohort design. The study subjects were divided into two groups, namely the vegan group and the omnivorous group, then matched based on age and sex. During the study, anthropometric data collection, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels measurements were done in both vegan children and omnivorous children.Results: During 6 months of observation, 22 subjects were divided into two groups, namely children with a vegan diet and children with an omnivorous diet. IGF-1 (ng / mL) in vegan children was 105.5 ± 47.3 compared to 102.7 ± 42.3 in omnivorous children with a value of p = 0.89. IGFBP-3 (ng / mL) in vegan children was 2146.4 ± 595.1 compared to 2142 ± 609.1 in omnivorous children with value of p = 0.99 and Growth Velocity (cm / 6 months) was 3.0 in vegan children (1.0-5.30), and 3.2 (2.6-6.5) in omnivorous children with value of p = 0.41.Conclusion:Children with vegan diet had IGF-1 level, IGFBP-3 level, and growth velocity that were the same as children with an omnivorous diet.
Antioxidant and Elastase Inhibitor from Black Soybean (Glycine max L.) and Its Compound (Daidzein) Cendy Juliana; I Nyoman Ehrich Lister; Ermi Girsang; Ali Napiah Nasution; Wahyu Widowati
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 6, No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v6i1.5540

Abstract

Background: Skin aging occurs along with age. Genetic, nutrients, hormones, and sun exposure can affect directly and indirectly the structure of the skin. These things will induce an increase in free radicals which disrupts one of the most important enzymes in the extracellular matrix which is elastase enzyme. High enzyme synthesis will cause skin wrinkle. Free radicals can be inhibited by the presence of antioxidants. The plant contains natural phytochemical compounds which act as antioxidants and anti aging. Black soybeans are rich in daidzein compound, which protect against free radicals and prevent premature aging.Objective: This research evaluates the antioxidant and antiaging potential of Black Soybean (Glycine max L.) extract and its compound, daidzein.Methods: Analysis of antioxidants from black soybean extract and daidzein were carried out using ABTS scavenging activity assay. The antiaging assay was carried out through inhibition of elastase enzyme.Results: Black soybean extract had lower IC50 value of ABTS scavenging activity around 77.39±4.05 μg/ml better than daidzein with IC50 of 83.34±3.89 μg/ml. The results of elastase inhibition activity assay showed that daidzein compound has a lower IC50 value, 57.35±5.64 μg/ml compared to black soybean extract with IC50 value, 93.36±6.39 μg/ml.Conclusion: Black soybean extract had higher antioxidant. Daidzein had better elastase inhibition activity compared to black soybean extract.
Optimizing Real-Time PCR methods for detection of ssaN gene Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica in the blood specimen Oktania Sandra Puspita; Andi Yasmon; Beti Ernawati Dewi
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 6, No 2 (2020): Augusts 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v6i2.7120

Abstract

Background Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi is a common acute infection of the reticuloendothelial system, intestinal lymphoid tissue, and gall bladder. Detection of Salmonella spp. is still based on cultures and serological methods.Widal test is one of the serological tests that is still widely used, especially in developing countries including Indonesia.Widal tests have low sensitivity and specificity. They often produce false positive or false negative results.ObjectiveThe aim of this study were i) real time PCR optimization to develop a Salmonella enterica detection system. ii) molecular detection of new target gene (ssaN gene) from blood specimens in typhoid fever patients.Methods An experimental laboratory study was performed from March to October 2016. Extraction of Salmonella typhi DNA is used as templates for the optimization of real time PCR reaction.The blood sample was from patients suspected with typhoid fever obtained from the Menteng Sub-district Health Center according to the inclusion criteria.ResultsSpecificity test of real time PCR showed that the primers and probes used are not cross-react against other microorganisms. Sensitivity test obtained minimal detection is at least 10 cfu/ml of blood specimen. In blood clinical specimens, real time PCR could detect 19 (38%) positive samples of 50 blood specimen from suspected typhoid fever patients. Eleven samples with negative Widal serology gives positive results in real time PCR.ConclusionReal time PCR used in this study can increase the level of rate of positive testing by 22% of the total specimens.Keywords : Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica, typhoid fever, ssaN gene, real time PCR
In silico Identification of Characteristics Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in the Development Novel Candidates for COVID-19 Infectious Diseases Taufik Muhammad Fakih; Mentari Luthfika Dewi
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 6, No 2 (2020): Augusts 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v6i2.7590

Abstract

Background: The emergence of infectious diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more than 90,000 infections and 3,000 deaths. The coronavirus spike glycoprotein encourages the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells and is the main target of antivirals. SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 to enter cells with an affinity similar to SARS-CoV, correlated with the efficient spread of SARS-CoV-2 among humans.Objective: In the research, identification, evaluation, and exploration of the structure of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein macromolecules and their effects on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2) using in silico studies.Methods: The spike glycoproteins of the two coronaviruses were prepared using the BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020. Further identification of the three-dimensional structure and sequencing of the macromolecular spike glycoprotein structure using Chimera 1.14 and Notepad++. To ensure the affinity and molecular interactions between the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins against ACE-2 protein-protein docking simulations using PatchDock was accomplished. The results of the simulations were verified using the BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020.Results: Based on the results of the identification of the macromolecular structure of the spike glycoprotein, it was found that there are some similarities in characteristics between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Protein-protein docking simulations resulted that SARS-COV-2 spike glycoprotein has the strongest bond with ACE-2, with an ACE score of −1509.13 kJ/mol.Conclusion: Therefore, some information obtained from the results of this research can be used as a reference in the development of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein inhibitor candidates for the treatment of infectious diseases of COVID-19.
Knowing When and How to Fight: COVID-19 Between Viral Clearance and Immune Tolerance Ahmad Utomo
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 6, No 2 (2020): Augusts 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v6i2.8472

Abstract

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 is a complex disease involving immunological, vascular, and metabolic pathology caused by and consequences of beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection. One may use Sun Tzu analogy of war to fight COVID-19 and to survive infection.  When enemy has not reached the shore, gathering much intelligence is key to know how the enemy moves and who would be the most vulnerable targets of enemy attacks. Physical distancing, massive nucleic acid testing, and identification of comorbidity may prepare for the incoming enemies. Physical distancing has helped to limit transmission of the virus that mainly due to close contacts with droplets coughed off infected individuals. Moreover, aerosolized virus particles may also contribute to spreading. Nucleic acid testing using real time PCR platform has been a diagnostic gold standard to identify infected individuals during early stage of infection. On the other hand, serological test to capture antibody against SARS-CoV-2 may be useful for immunosurveillance.  Discovery of human ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme) protein as an obligate partner of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry has provided insights to mechanisms of serious post-infection ramifications to individuals having comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes or heart conditions.  When the enemy reaches ashore, thorough profiling of biomarkers involved in inflammation and coagulation (IL-6, lymphopenia, ground glass opacity, d-dimers, thrombocytopenia) may help predict disease progression and guide treatment strategy. While estimated 80% of infected individuals may recover on their own, the remaining 20% may require hospitalization and serious therapeutic intervention. Several clinical trials are underway such as repurposing existing drugs and evaluating efficacy of convalescence plasma therapy. Finally, vaccine development using genetic engineering may also help control the global spread if it is proven effective.
A Rare Case of 18-year-old female with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Short Stature Fransisca Yustika Dewi Siahaan; Hery Djagat Purnomo; Khristophorus Heri Nugroho Hario Seno; Rakhma Yanti Hellmi
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 6, No 2 (2020): Augusts 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v6i2.6299

Abstract

Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare chronic immune-mediated liver disease affecting intra and extrahepatic bile ducts, in which inflammation and fibrosis are the main factors that lead to biliary stricture. The pathogenesis of this disease is still unclear. It happens approximately 0.5 to 1.3 cases per 100,000 person-years in Northern Europe. PSC is difficult to diagnose until complications arise. PSC can also be a manifestation of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) in the liver. A chronic immune disease that has occurred since childhood may result in delayed development and short stature. Case Presentation:   A 18-year-old female presented with icteric, anemia, short stature, and absence of menstruation. Laboratory and radiological findings suggested obstruction of intra and extrahepatic biliary duct (conjugated bilirubin 11,80 mg/dL), severe anemia, normal sex hormone levels, increased RNP/SM antibodies. Histopathology showed liver cirrhosis suggestive for primary sclerosing cholangitis. The patient then was given biliary stenting, transfusion of packed red cell, immunosuppresive, corticosteroid, ursodeoxycholic acid. Within a year of treatment, there was a significant decrease of direct bilirubin and improvement in symptoms.Conclusion: Patient with PSC, MCTD, and short stature is a very rare case. This is the first case that has been found in dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang. It has high mortality rate and difficult to diagnose and treat. According to multiple guidelines, this patient should have liver transplantation , but in this case, biliary stenting and oral treatments have resulted in an excellent outcome.
Effect of Metformin on Bcl-2/Bax Expression Ratio and Endometrial Implants: A Mouse Model in Endometriosis Study Inu Mulyantoro; Oktoria Indrapraja; Widjiati Widjiati; Noor Pramono Noerpramana
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 6, No 2 (2020): Augusts 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v6i2.8113

Abstract

Background: Endometriosis is a gynaecological disorder characterised by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Apoptosis, regulated by the balance of Bcl-2/Bax, plays an important role in the endometrial improvement. Metformin, an insulin sensitizer that is known to have beneficial effect in the endometriosis treatment, is expected to lower Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio and reduce endometrial implants.Objective: To explore the effect of metformin on the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio and endometrial implant area of endometriosis-induced mice.Methods: This experimental study used 3-month old 33 BALB/c mice of endometriosis that were randomly and equally divided into three groups (P0, P1, and P2). On the 15th day, the P0 group was first terminated for Bcl-2/Bax examination and the size of endometrial implants. The P1 group was given aquabidest, whereas the P2 group was given metformin 4 mg/day for 14 days. The immunohistochemistry of Bcl-2/Bax expression were performed from cavum abdomen and pelvis peritoneal tissues of the mice and measured by the Remmele Scale Index, whereas the extracted mice’ endometrial implants were analysed with computer tracing method. All data normality test was calculated with Shapiro-Wilk test. The mean difference test of all groups was analysed using the one-way ANOVA test, whereas the mean difference test between groups was completed using the Unpaired T-test (LSD/Least Significance Difference).Results: The Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio and endometrial implant area in the P2 group were significantly lower compared to P0 and P1 (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio or endometrial implant area in P0 and P1 (p>0.05)Conclusion: Metformin may be a potential effective drug treatment for endometriosis by decreasing Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio and endometrial implants.
Synergistic Potential of the Leaves of Aspillia africana (Compositae) and Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) Against Some Selected Bacterial and Fungal Isolates Foluso Ologundudu; OLADELE IDRIS
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 6, No 2 (2020): Augusts 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v6i2.6417

Abstract

Background: The plethora of secondary metabolites inherent in plants that could be synthesized and formulated into useful drugs for the treatment of diseases is not fully understood. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the leaves of Aspillia africana and Psidium  guajava plants on some selected bacterial and fungal isolates.Methodology: Fresh and matured leaves of Aspillia africana and Psidium guajava were collected at the Federal College of Agriculture, Akure and Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife. The plants were identified and voucher deposited at the Herbarium unit of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-ife. The pure isolates of the bacteria and fungi were obtained from Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The bacteria isolates were maintained on nutrient agar slant and the fungal isolates on PDA. Extraction of the plant materials using methanol, ethanol and aqueous fractions were carried out using standard protocols. The isolates were inoculated on a nutrient broth. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined by broth dilution method while minimal bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations respectively were determined following established protocols.Results: The results showed that Bacillus cereus, Cornybacterium pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli were all resistant to the plant extracts. The fungal isolates; Candida albicans, Tryptophyton rubrum, Penicillium expansium, and Aspergillus flavus were resistant to Psidium guajava extract as no significant activity was observed. All the plant extracts produced considerable antimicrobial activities with Streptococcus faecalis and Staphyloccocus. aureus. whereas, these organisms were resistant to ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, chloramphenicol, augmentin, ciprofloxacin and septrin.Conclusion: This study revealed that the therapeutic properties of Aspillia africana and Psidium guajava are better enhanced with their synergistic potential to the tested microorganisms.Keywords: Aspillia africana; Bactericidal; Psidium guajava; Synergistic;therapeutic.Background: The plethora of secondary metabolites inherent in plants that could be synthesized and formulated into useful drugs for the treatment of diseases is not fully understood. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the leaves of Aspillia africana and Psidium  guajava plants on some selected bacterial and fungal isolates.Methodology: Fresh and matured leaves of Aspillia africana and Psidium guajava were collected at the Federal College of Agriculture, Akure and Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife. The plants were identified and voucher deposited at the Herbarium unit of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-ife. The pure isolates of the bacteria and fungi were obtained from Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The bacteria isolates were maintained on nutrient agar slant and the fungal isolates on PDA. Extraction of the plant materials using methanol, ethanol and aqueous fractions were carried out using standard protocols. The isolates were inoculated on a nutrient broth. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined by broth dilution method while minimal bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations respectively were determined following established protocols.Results: The results showed that Bacillus cereus, Cornybacterium pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli were all resistant to the plant extracts. The fungal isolates; Candida albicans, Tryptophyton rubrum, Penicillium expansium, and Aspergillus flavus were resistant to Psidium guajava extract as no significant activity was observed. All the plant extracts produced considerable antimicrobial activities with Streptococcus faecalis and Staphyloccocus. aureus. whereas, these organisms were resistant to ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, chloramphenicol, augmentin, ciprofloxacin and septrin.Conclusion: This study revealed that the therapeutic properties of Aspillia africana and Psidium guajava are better enhanced with their synergistic potential to the tested microorganisms. 
Prerequisite Evaluation of Anaerobic Settings for Gut Microbiome Functional Studies Muhammad Nur `Adam Hatta; Ezanee Azlina Mohamad Hanif; Siok-Fong Chin; Hui-min Neoh
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 7, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v7i1.10129

Abstract

Colon cancer-associated gut bacteria were mostly identified via next-generation sequencing in gut microbiome profiling studies. Anaerobic culture systems can be used to culture colon cells with these gut bacteria to further confirm the tumorigenic properties of these bacteria. Nevertheless, it is unclear how colon cells will grow in an anaerobic environment, as most cells are cultured aerobically. Therefore, we investigated the survival and viability of HT-29, a colon cancer cell line in an anaerobic culture system, and compared it to the usual culture condition in an aerobic setup. Interestingly, we found that HT-29 was able to grow in the anaerobic setup. Its viability was similar for both culture conditions, with only a slower growth rate observed in the anaerobic setup. Furthermore, gene expression studies showed that the cells were not under severe anaerobic stress even when exposed to the oxygen-deprived environment.This study provided results on some baseline parameters of an anaerobic colon cell culture system, and will be useful for journal readers who wish to investigate functional properties of anaerobic bacteria.
Fragmentomic cfDNA Patterns in Noninvasive Prenatal Testing and Beyond Kavish Kohabir; Rob Wolthuis; Erik A. Sistermans
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 7, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v7i1.10229

Abstract

The release of fetoplacental cell-free DNA (cfDNA) into the maternal bloodstream opened up new avenues towards noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for aneuploidies, hereditary DNA mutations and other pregnancy-related developmental disorders. Increasingly, cfDNA catches interest for its noninvasive screening value in other areas as well, including oncology. Although there are indications that cfDNA fragmentation is a non-random process, the etiology and different structural aspects of cfDNA are still not well known. The emerging field of cfDNA fragmentomics investigates the existence of tissue and disease specific cfDNA signatures and the chemistry and biology underlying the fragmentation process. This review sheds light on recent developments in cfDNA fragmentomics and illustrates their significance in NIPT improvement and beyond.We discuss aspects of fragment size distributions, epigenetic correlations and putatively enriched cfDNA fragment-end compositions. Combinatorial fragmentomic efforts have provided more insights into the roles of different enzymes that contribute to the fragmentation process in the tissue of origin and in the bloodstream. Altogether, these studies revealed multiple fragmentomic-related biomarkers that can be used to make noninvasive screening and other types of clinical use of cfDNA more robust, by raising its distinctive capacities. This includes multiple complementary approaches to determine the fetal fraction, a key determinant in NIPT. Furthermore, these developments translate to a better understanding of the encountered cfDNA patterns and will catalyze the expansion of screening possibilities in NIPT and beyond

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