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Andi Adriansyah
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INDONESIA
Sinergi
Published by Universitas Mercu Buana
ISSN : 14102331     EISSN : 24601217     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
SINERGI is a peer-reviewed international journal published three times a year in February, June, and October. The journal is published by Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana. Each publication contains articles comprising high quality theoretical and empirical original research papers, review papers, and literature reviews that are closely related to the fields of Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Industrial, Civil, and Architecture). The theme of the paper is focused on new industrial applications and energy development that synergize with global, green and sustainable technologies. The journal registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI). The journal has been indexed by Google Scholar, DOAJ, BASE, and EBSCO.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 531 Documents
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Closed-loop Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) – cycling rehabilitation with phase control Fuzzy Logic for fatigue reduction control strategies for stroke patients Mohd Khairul Ikhwan Ahmad; Abu Ubaidah Shamsudin; Zubair Adil Soomro; Ruzairi Abdul Rahim; Babul Salam KSM Kader Ibrahim; Mohammad Saiful Huq
SINERGI Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.1.007

Abstract

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) cycling, or FES-Cycling, holds great therapeutic potential for individuals with paralysis, such as those with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury, or stroke, aiming to restore mobility. However, the nonlinear nature of the musculoskeletal system poses a significant challenge in controlling FES-Cycling. To address this, an integrated closed-loop phase angle fuzzy-based system was developed. This system offers real-time control by adjusting stimulation intensity (pulse width) within the range of 50 to 200μs while maintaining a constant frequency of 35Hz, thereby ensuring precise pedaling trajectory and cadence patterns. An experimental study involved three healthy individuals (Cases A, B, and C) and one individual with hemiplegia stroke (Case D). Results showed that the proposed system consistently reduced average angle trajectory errors for Cases A, B, and C, with values of 2.6945, 3.2958, and 2.9922 degrees, respectively. Case D, affected by hemiplegia stroke, faced greater challenges and exhibited a higher error of 3.4562 degrees. Fatigue resistance, evaluated through fatigue indices, showed promising results for Cases A, B, and C with values of 0.10778, 0.06866, and 0.04603, respectively. However, Case D experienced higher fatigue (0.2304) due to the unique challenges of hemiplegia stroke. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed control system in optimizing FES-Cycling, particularly for healthy individuals. For individuals with paralysis, like Case D, further research is needed to adapt the system to their specific conditions and cycling patterns. This system holds the potential for enhancing FES-Cycling as a therapeutic strategy and warrants additional investigation and customization for different patient populations.
Strength and durability properties of concrete made with recycled coarse aggregate and seashore sand D. Kalaimani; G. Srinivasan
SINERGI Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.1.012

Abstract

The process of depletion of sources of natural aggregates poses challenges to produce technically and environmentally suitable concrete. Aggregate compositions found in construction and demolition (C&D) waste offer potential alternatives to natural coarse aggregates. Additionally, the utilization of abundantly available natural material like seashore sand, as a replacement for river sand, can present a viable solution to this problem. This research paper investigates the performance of concrete that incorporates 40% recycled coarse aggregates, along with varying percentages of seashore sand as replacements for river sand (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 100%). The evaluation focuses on strength properties, including compressive strength tests on cylinders and impact resistance tests, as well as durability properties such as water penetration tests under pressure and sulphate attack tests. The experimental results indicate that concrete incorporating both recycled coarse aggregates and seashore sand replacements yields favorable outcomes in terms of strength and durability when compared to the controlled concrete, particularly at suitable replacement proportions. 
Effective and efficient approach in IoT Botnet detection Susanto Susanto; Deris Stiawan; M. Agus Syamsul Arifin; Mohd. Yazid Idris; Rahmat Budiarto
SINERGI Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.1.004

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) technology presents an advantage to daily life, but this advantage is not a guarantee of security. This is because cyber-attacks, such as botnets, remain a threat to the user. Detection systems are one of the alternatives to maintain the security of IoT network. A reliable detection system should effectively detect botnets with high accuracy levels and low positive rate. It should be efficient to perform detection quickly. However, data generated by IoT networks have high dimensions and high scalability, so they need to be minimized. In network security analysis process, high-dimension data pose challenges, such as the dimension curse correlation between different dimensions, which causes features that are hard to define, datasets that are mostly unordered, cluster combination, and exponential growth. In this study, we applied feature reduction using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) method to minimize features on the IoT network to detect botnet. The reduction process is carried out on the N-BaIoT dataset which has 115 features reduced to 2 features. Performing feature reduction with detection systems has become more effective and efficient. Experimental result showed that the application of LDA combined with machine learning on the classification Decision Tree method was able to detect with accuracy that reached 100% in 98.58s with only two features.
A simplified dental caries segmentation using Half U-Net for a teledentistry system Kadarina, Trie Maya; Iklima, Zendi; Priambodo, Rinto; Riandini, Riandini; Wardhani, Rika Novita; Setiowati, Sulis; Jusoh, Mohd Taufik
SINERGI Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.2.005

Abstract

High-reliability diagnostic equipment efficiently supported by a computer-based diagnostics system. For instance, a computational approach establishes a model that can diagnose diseases. Artificial intelligence has been applied to aid in the field of medical imaging. Classification, prediction, and localisation of lesions or dental caries greatly minimise the load and difficulties for clinical practitioners. In this study, U-Net architectures are simplified to propose the feature reduction of the decoder layers. This simplification of U-Net architectures is utilised for segmented dental caries images. This paper simplified the U-Net decoder layers into the level of blocks Half-UNet () and Half-UNet (). The Half-UNet structural model surpasses the U-shaped structural model in terms of efficiency and segmentation capabilities. The simplification of the UNet architecture outperformed using Half-UNet 0.83% of the dice coefficient. The Half-UNet design is able to preserve model performance in segmenting actual images and ground truth against expected ground truth.
Performance analysis of ship mounting PV panels deployed in Sungsang Estuary and Bangka Strait, Indonesia Afiz Zullah; Tresna Dewi; Rusdianasari Rusdianasari
SINERGI Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.1.017

Abstract

In an archipelago country like Indonesia, maritime transportation is essential. However, the ships, like other modes of transportation, burn fuel, contributing to CO2 emissions and negatively impacting marine life. Alternative renewable energy can help solve this problem while being environmentally friendly and cost-effective. As a result, this research describes installing PV systems to power electronic loads on a pilot ship. The supply-demand scenario was simulated using the System Advisory Model. The experiment lasted 176 days, 32 of which were still hybrid with a diesel generator, and for 144 days, electronics loads were entirely powered by PV systems. The experimental results show that the generated power consistently exceeds what is necessary. MPPT may also control the battery charging to avoid overcharging by ensuring the voltage input is always consistent. The maximum generated power is 2356 W with a peak load of 1669 W, and the average generated power is 1645 W with a load of 720.6 W. According to SIMAPRO's life cycle study results, the most significant environmental impact comes during installation due to using diesel fuel trucks and when the PV system is no longer operational since it will become a landfill, harming the ecosystem. PV systems, on the other hand, have no environmental impact during installation. Economic estimates show significant savings and, of course, profits.
Machining performance of ceramic tool inserts during dry turning of hardened steel K. I. Vishnu Vandana; P. Siva Nagasree
SINERGI Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.1.008

Abstract

For effective dry turning of hardened steels, ceramic tool materials have long been utilized as an alternative to conventional tool materials. Therefore, the purpose of the current work is to investigate whether ceramic materials like alumina (Al2O3) are suitable for use as tool materials during the dry (without coolant) turning of hardened steels. In addition, while cutting EN 24 hardened steels, the performance of an alumina ceramic tool insert was compared to a commercial tool insert in the current work. On EN 24 steel samples, turning operations were performed utilizing both alumina ceramic tool inserts and commercial carbide tool inserts at different machining parameters such as speed, feed, and depth of cut. The turning performance of both alumina and commercial tool inserts was evaluated at various machining conditions based on abrasive wear (weight loss) of the tool inserts and the surface roughness of EN 24 machined samples. At all machining parameters, it was found that the abrasive wear of ceramic tool inserts was lower than the abrasive wear of commercial tool inserts. It is observed that, the surface roughness of EN 24 machined samples when machined with ceramic tool inserts was a little higher when compared with the surface roughness values of EN 24 machined samples which are machined with the commercial tool insert. The results of the experiment showed that ceramic cutting tools had comparable cutting performance to commercial cutting tools. 
Identifying weaknesses and strengths of existing I4.0 Readiness Indices to enhance INDI 4.0 Hasbullah Hasbullah; Salleh Ahmad Bareduan
SINERGI Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.1.013

Abstract

Indonesia has low Industry 4.0 (I4.0) readiness in ASEAN and has the INDI 4.0 Instrument (Indonesia Industry 4.0 Readiness Index), which is less comprehensive and accurate. An Initial survey confirmed that only 56.86% of respondents agreed that INDI 4.0 accurately measures readiness in the manufacturing industry. Unlike primary I4.0 indices, INDI 4.0 lacks comprehensive Industry 4.0 dimensions and characteristics, as many literature and other indices cover. This study aims to identify weaknesses and strengths of major I4.0 indices by comparing them to enhance INDI 4.0. This paper identified gaps in existing major I4.0 indices by scoping review method. However, each index contributes to increasing practicality, fulfilling latent needs, and expanding complementary perspectives in measuring readiness and adoption of I4.0 based on studies, viewpoints, uniqueness, and views of each. This study offered a more comprehensive perspective, especially from developing countries like Indonesia, with industries struggling to adopt I4.0 to fill loopholes in existing major indices that are generally from developed countries, so most companies in their study have advanced or implemented I4.0 and are too focused and too oriented on technology. The findings from this paper are expected to contribute to industry, practitioners, and academicians in increasing accuracy when measuring readiness toward adopting I4.0.
The traditional village as a part of a cultural landscape: the development of cultural agriculture tourism in Catur, Bali I Dewa Gede Agung Diasna Putra; I Made Adhika
SINERGI Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.1.005

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the agriculture sector, which has been abandoned by some people, most notably in certain cultural tourism zones of Bali. Balinese culture, which is inextricably linked to agricultural operations and in which agrarian culture adds its aspects to the community's everyday cultural activities, has enormous potential for future tourism expansion. However, certain resort zones in Bali have abandoned the agricultural sector, threatening food and culture. This occurrence has prompted concerns about whether the tourism economy's agriculture practices can continue to serve their roles. Could agriculture meet Balinese cultural and home needs in this tourism-based economy? In this case, the Balinese engage in agricultural undertakings and offer their agricultural produce to their ancestors and God. Conversely, people worship God by praying for a bountiful harvest with farm products. However, as a community, this agricultural activity has begun to decline, which is expected to limit future efforts to conserve the culture. Through field study and descriptive analysis, this paper seeks to investigate various agricultural and cultural potentials in a rural cultural environment as a tourist attraction while conserving agrarian culture to save the local culture. By juxtaposing agricultural, cultural, and tourism activities in a balanced manner, local communities will benefit not only economically, but also in efforts to preserve local culture.
Production of bio-coal based on empty fruit bunches by torrefaction method with fixed bed and tubular continuous reactors Martin, Awaludin; Ginting, Yogie Rinaldy; Kurniawan, Iwan; Agusta, Dhiky Rahman; Khotimah, Nur
SINERGI Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.2.006

Abstract

Excessive use of fossil energy has negative impacts, which can cause climate change and environmental degradation. Thus, there is a need to find alternative, more sustainable energy sources. Biomass derived from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) waste is a newfound renewable energy source. However, its utilization is not optimal due to its low heating value and high chlorine (Cl) and potassium (K) content, which can interfere with combustion. EFB is washed with peat water to reduce potassium and chlorine content, and the torefaction process is used for combustion. This research aims to develop bio-coal production from empty fruit bunches using the torefaction method using fixed beds and continuous tubular reactors. The production process development also aims to obtain a larger production capacity than previous studies. This study uses varying weights of EFB produced into bio-coal, namely 250, 500 and 1000 grams, with a torefaction process temperature of 200°C for 30 minutes. As a result, the peat water flow rate decreased K, Cl and K2O content to the lowest content reduction value, which amounted to 8.31%, 0.42% and 3.96%, respectively. The heating value of bio-coal produced in a fixed bed reactor is 26,166 kJ/kg, while in a continuous tubular reactor, it is 21,720 kJ/kg. Based on these results, the fixed bed reactor shows a higher heating value than the continuous tubular reactor. The heating value obtained from these two types of reactors is comparable to sub-bituminous coal, which is usually used in steam power plants.
The usage of marginal aggregate as subbase layer Adelia Dwidarma Nataadmadja; Eduardi Prahara; Andreas Bennardi
SINERGI Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.1.018

Abstract

Aggregate holds the main role in determining the quality of pavement layers. Unfortunately, the locally available aggregates sometimes did not pass one or more requirements stated in the standard, making these aggregates technically unable to be used. These aggregates are called marginal or substandard aggregates. However, previous research projects have shown the potential of utilizing marginal aggregates as pavement layers. This research aims to analyst the techniques for utilizing marginal aggregates as pavement layers, specifically as subbases. Two techniques were evaluated herein, namely by varying the aggregate gradation and by adding cement and lime as stabilizers, and the specimens were assessed by the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The research results found that varying the percentage of coarse and fine aggregates in the specimens improved the CBR value. The specimen obtained the highest CBR value with 70% coarse aggregate and 30% fine aggregate. Moreover, it was found that adding cement and lime as stabilizers at the right percentage was also able to improve the CBR value of the specimens and mixing the stabilizers beyond a certain percentage decreases the CBR value. The amount of cement and lime needed depended on the aggregate gradation used.    

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