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Sinergi
Published by Universitas Mercu Buana
ISSN : 14102331     EISSN : 24601217     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
SINERGI is a peer-reviewed international journal published three times a year in February, June, and October. The journal is published by Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana. Each publication contains articles comprising high quality theoretical and empirical original research papers, review papers, and literature reviews that are closely related to the fields of Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Industrial, Civil, and Architecture). The theme of the paper is focused on new industrial applications and energy development that synergize with global, green and sustainable technologies. The journal registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI). The journal has been indexed by Google Scholar, DOAJ, BASE, and EBSCO.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 531 Documents
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Preference technique: deceptive visual representations in the digital realm Heriyanto, Niccolas Troy Putra; Hayati, Arina; Novianto, Didit
SINERGI Vol 28, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.3.017

Abstract

In the digital era, architectural designs can be quickly visualized. However, the material abstraction from digital visualization tools may reduce immersion and make it hard to recognize design intention. This paper discusses how architectural students acknowledge the design representation despite various ways of visualization. Material is key to visualizing architecture by adding realism, depth, and texture. People create mental concepts of material beyond words. Thus, design representations can have positive or negative impacts depending on how effectively the idea is delivered to the audience. This study uses a quantitative method to investigate the extent to which the preference technique of students represents the design’s idea. The study's main objective is to identify the criteria for representation that effectively convey the designer's intentions while minimizing visual deception. The analyzed data is classified into three archetypes consisting of (1) the student’s previous knowledge about representation, (2) the intention of design representation, and (3) mass and material in representation. The result shows no strict correlation between previous knowledge and the preferred idea representation technique. Yet, the result indicates a correlation between previous knowledge and techniques used to represent material. The photorealism technique is preferable in representing the clarity of material in representation. Photorealism has advantages in showing the quality of shade in the material. On the other hand, respondents tend to choose to use sketches to show information about scale and mass. The research comprehensively explains this phenomenon in the context of positive theory, particularly in design communication and representation.
Implementation of wavelet method and backpropagation neural network on road crack detection based on image processing Alfanz, Rocky; Fahrizal, Rian; Utomo, Tegar Priyo; Firmansyah, Teguh; Muhammad, Fadil; Muztahidul, Islam Md
SINERGI Vol 28, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.3.005

Abstract

Road crack detection is critical to road infrastructure maintenance, requiring sophisticated and accurate approaches. This research explores the utilization of a combination of Wavelet and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methods to improve efficiency and accuracy in detecting cracks in road images. The wavelet method was chosen for its capability to capture information at different scales, enabling improved feature extraction. Meanwhile, CNN was utilized to comprehend the spatial context and tackle image complexity. The research involves several stages, including data collection, pre-processing, decomposition using the Wavelet method, forming of the CNN architecture model, training, testing, and evaluating the result. The tested images involve three main types of cracks: alligator, linear, and images without cracks. The testing results show that the developed model is capable of classifying cracks with an F1-score of 0.96, recall of 0.96, and precision of 0.96. In real-time detection of road cracks, the testing obtained an F1-score of 0.84, recall of 0.92, and precision of 0.77. This research contributes to the advancement of road crack detection technology by leveraging the capabilities of Wavelet and CNN, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of crack detection in road maintenance.
Analysis of empirical method for predicting maneuverability of ultra-large container ship using Maneuvering Modelling Group (MMG) model Zeinurrohman, Rangga; Trimulyono, Andi; Wicaksono, Ardhana; Hadi, Eko Sasmito; Samuel, Samuel; Hakim, Muhammad Luqman; Purwanto, Dedi Budi
SINERGI Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.2.016

Abstract

International Maritime Organization (IMO) provided manoeuvrability standards for all ships above 100 m to ensure the ship's safety and surroundings. In the preliminary design stage, one way to ensure a ship's manoeuvrability under IMO standards is to use empirical methods that are cheaper and less time-consuming than model tests. Empirical methods used analysis regression to develop their formula from the model test result database, and their formula depends on ship hull parameters and dimension ratios such as , , , and . However, the database of the existing empirical formulas is limited to small-medium merchant ships and fishing vessels, as consequences for larger ships are inaccurate and have a significant error in predicting ship manoeuvres. This study modified the existing empirical formulas by adding specified ship data into the existing database and analyzing the accuracy of predicting ship manoeuvres using the Maneuvering Modelling Group (MMG) model. We verify by adding the selected ship data into the existing database, which shows improvement in predicting ship manoeuvres. The modified formulas show improvement by only giving 5% RMSE of tactical diameter and 3% RMSE of ship advance in turning manoeuvre, and this is a 78% overall improvement in predicting the turning motion of ultra-large container ships compared to previous formulas. The quantitative and qualitative produce better estimation result that indicates the right track to derive the empirical formulas for Ultra-Large Container ships.
Improvement of ankle foot orthotics fabrication using 3D printing method Saptaji, Kushendarsyah; Manasikana, Dinda Arina; Juniasih, Octarina Adiati; Ramadhani, Mochammad Rafli; Oktaviandri, Muchamad; Ramadhan, Anwar Ilmar; Asmara, Yuli Panca
SINERGI Vol 28, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.3.015

Abstract

Orthotics are the body support devices used for correction, immobilization, fixation, and prevention of paralysis. The greatest number of orthotics utilized by people suffering from plantarflexion and dorsiflexion disability, especially in Indonesia, is ankle foot orthotic (AFO). However, the duration associated with fabricating AFO through conventional methods is considered time-consuming. This paper aims to fabricate ankle foot orthotics (AFO) using innovative combinations of 3D scanning and 3D printing. The method begins with 3D scanning of the patient’s lower limb using photogrammetry (3DF Zephyr). The design is generated and adjusted, afterwards, the orthotic prototype is produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing using polypropylene (PP) material. This choice is attributed to the material's advantages, such as being lightweight, rigid, durable, and cost-effective. The 3D mesh model scanned using 3DF Zephyr shows good quality and more precise results. In addition, the prototype produced using 3D printing was tested by walking based on normal gait analysis’s angle of foot and calf measurement, which shows a maximum range of motion (ROM) of 16.1˚. The proposed methods of fabricating orthotic prototypes can successfully reduce the processing time by approximately 70% compared to the conventional method. 
Problem solving path planning and path tracking in a 3 DOF hexapod robot using the RRT* algorithm with path optimization and Pose-to-Pose Suwoyo, Heru; Burhanudin, Achmad; Tian, Yingzhong; Andika, Julpri
SINERGI Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.2.007

Abstract

Path planning is one of the most fundamental problems that must be solved before a robot can navigate and explore autonomously. Path planning needs to be integrated with path tracking to be applied to autonomous robots. This makes path tracking also important for autonomous robot navigation which cannot be separated from path planning. There are two path planning methods, the first is search-based method, the second is sampling-based method. Both have their own advantages, but the popular and commonly used sampling-based algorithm due to its fast convergence is preferred in path planning.  The RRT* algorithm was developed. This improvement initiated a major civilization in sampling-based algorithms, namely parent node selection and rewiring in RRT. Although there has been an improvement in optimality, RRT* still doesn't provide the distance optimality value as expected, due to its character that is still adopted from RRT.  The resulting path is still suboptimal and not smooth (jagged). On the other side, Path tracking has several methods, however, these path tracking methods are difficult to apply to autonomous robots and need to be adapted to the robot used. Based on the description above, there are still problems with path planning, namely paths that are still less than optimal and convergence that is still slow.  This research will add a way to shorten the distance in the RRT* algorithm with the triangular inequality method.  Meanwhile, for path tracking, we will apply the pose-to-pose method, which follows the waypoint that has been made by path planning.
Utilizing PVSyst for planning a hybrid system rooftop solar power plant at Makassar Eye Hospital Sonong, Sonong; Yunus, A.M. Shiddiq; Djalal, Muhammad Ruswandi; Sianturi, Farhan; Purnama, Rahma; Takdir, Ahmad
SINERGI Vol 28, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.3.008

Abstract

Installing rooftop Solar Power Plants (SPP) represents the most efficient solution for reducing substantial electricity consumption in office buildings and hospitals, as Makassar Eye Hospital exemplifies. The research commences by addressing concerns about electricity availability and daily usage at the hospital while evaluating the solar radiation potential. Subsequently, the development of the SPP system begins. A location assessment is conducted using various tools to gather the necessary data for SPP design. In this study, the planning phase involves the utilization of PVSyst software for the technical analysis of electrical energy generation and system performance calculations. Additionally, the economic analysis includes evaluating the initial investment costs for establishing the SPP and considering prevailing market prices for components. The feasibility of the SPP investment is determined by calculating key financial metrics, including the Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI), and Return on Investment (ROI). According to the economic analysis findings, the initial investment cost for the SPP amounts to Rp. 544.031.733. The energy production value per kilowatt-hour (kWh) stands at Rp. 1.278, resulting in a Payback Period (PP) of 13,8 years, a Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp. 138.182.638, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 11.51%, and a Return on Investment (ROI) of 25.4%. These results affirm the plan's feasibility, as the IRR value surpasses the Discount Rate (8.43%).
Revitalizing IoT-based air quality monitoring system for major cities in Indonesia Kustija, Jaja; Fahrizal, Diki; Nasir, Muhamad
SINERGI Vol 28, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.3.016

Abstract

An IoT-based air quality monitoring system is a technology that integrates with the internet to monitor and measure numerous air quality metrics in real-time. CO levels, dust particle levels, temperature, and humidity are the air quality characteristics that must be monitored. The air quality monitoring system in its current state requires further development, such as challenges to acquiring accurate and real-time data and difficulty in accessing reliable information. Poor air quality causes various health problems, respiratory, vision, heart disease, and even cancer. The development of air pollution producers continues to increase along with the number of oil-fueled vehicles, industries operated using petroleum-fueled engines, power plants that use energy from coal, gas and petroleum. This study presents an IoT-based air quality parameter monitoring system solution that is connected with the Blynk platform and can be accessible in real time, in an effort to assist the SDGs program, which is mandated by the global community through the UN. The research technique employed is Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study successfully presented an IoT-based air quality monitoring system connected with the Blynk platform, which showed great accuracy in measurement 94.34% (CO), 81.15% (dust), 99.14% (temperature), and 96.84% (humidity). These results advance urban air quality monitoring and inform sustainable technology development, contributing to environmental and health-related SDGs.
Strength and permeability of ferrocement structure by using ground granulated blast furnace slag Purwaningsih, Anis; Dewi, Sri Murni; Susanti, Lilya
SINERGI Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.2.021

Abstract

A reinforced mortar type that can be created with a relatively thin thickness is ferrocement. Using ferrocement as a mechanically sound and sustainable building material has produced several benefits, including less use of raw materials, decreased accumulation of waste materials, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Cement as a constituent material of ferrocement is an environmentally unfriendly material; therefore, a more environmentally friendly cement replacement material is needed, namely Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS). Thus, creating sustainable (green) fertilizers is the main goal of this work. There are three primary stages to experimental work: Using slag cement (GGBFS) in place of partial cement of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% is the initial step. The primary reinforcement in the second level is wire-welded mesh, with volume fractions of support (Vf) of 1.2%, 1.8%, and 2.4%. During the final phase, a maximum of three different test objects were tested for compressive strength, water penetration depth, and flexure at a 28-day age. According to the findings, employing GGBFS led to good mortar performance. According to studies on mortar, the percentage of GGBFS utilized in a work may be determined by comparing the GGBFS substitution rates of 10%, 20%, and 30%, which show no differences in tendency. The test findings did not considerably improve the bending strength and cracking behavior of ferrocement reinforced with wire-welded mesh. One of them is influenced by the age of the concrete; at 28 days, the added material GGBFS has not yet reached its maximum strength, which results in a negligible improvement in bending strength and cracking behavior.
Effect of near-surface heterogeneities on the pore-water pressure distribution and slope stability Gofar, Nurly; Pangestika, Ega Nanda; Harianto, Yudi; Gumay, Herdian; Satyanaga, Alfrendo
SINERGI Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.2.012

Abstract

Seepage and slope stability are important problems analyzed in geotechnical engineering. Conventionally, the analysis is performed in conditions where the soil is intact. However, near-surface soil is subjected to various conditions that lead to heterogeneity, for example, the presence of cracks in clay, relics in weathered rock, and plant roots. The presence of cracks and other forms of heterogeneity on the near-surface layer increases the rainfall infiltration into the slope and changes the pore water pressure distribution accordingly. Water infiltration increases the pore water pressure, raises groundwater level, and decreases the matrix suction of unsaturated soils - which is a critical factor for the stability of slopes. This study aims to evaluate the effect of varying permeability of near-surface soil on the rainwater infiltration to slope and, subsequently, the safety factor. In this case, the near-surface soil is modeled as a layer with higher permeability. Numerical analysis performed in this study using SEEP/W and SLOPE/W indicated that considering this condition results in a higher safety factor of the slope because the higher permeability resulting from heterogeneity helps dissipate pore water pressure, which is critical in maintaining the slope stability during heavy rainfall.
Investigation of seismic resistant structures with various moment-resisting frame systems and pushover analysis Putra, Oky Bima; Ramadhan, Ilham Dwiputra; Rosyidah, Anis; Saputra, Jonathan; Sucita, I Ketut
SINERGI Vol 28, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.3.010

Abstract

Earthquakes are a serious threat in the construction of multi-storey buildings in Indonesia, which are divided into several seismic design categories. The design of seismic-resistant buildings requires the management of plastic hinges to reduce seismic loads. The aspects of seismic-resistant structural design in Indonesia are regulated by SNI 1726:2019, SNI 1727:2020, and SNI 2847:2019. Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame System (IMRFS) and Special Moment Resisting Frame System (SMRFS) are used based on seismic category and earthquake intensity. Pushover analysis is used to analyze the structures behavior when exposed to seismic loads. This research designs seismic resistant structures with IMRFS and SMRFS at different locations with the aim of assessing structural performance and gaining reinforcement to the concrete ratio, which is relevant for the design and construction of multi-storey buildings in Indonesia. The results of this research are the structural performance levels, reinforcement volume, concrete volume, and the reinforcement to concrete volume ratio. Both IMRFS and SMRFS reached Immediate Occupancy to Life Safe performance levels after the earthquake because their monitored displacement was not significantly different. The structural failure modes of both systems meet the Strong Column–Weak Beam requirements. The distribution of plastic hinges also remains in the Immediate Occupancy category. 

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