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Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : 0126012X     EISSN : 2338557X     DOI : 10.14421
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities,
Religion Humanities
Al-Jamiah invites scholars, researchers, and students to contribute the result of their studies and researches in the areas related to Islam, Muslim society, and other religions which covers textual and fieldwork investigation with various perspectives of law, philosophy, mysticism, history, art, theology, sociology, anthropology, political science and others.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Studi Agama
Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 60, No 1 (2022)" : 10 Documents clear
Two Islamic Writing Traditions in Southeast Asia: Kitab Jawi and Kitab Kuning with Reference to the Works of Da’ud al-Fatani dan Nawawi al-Bantani Jajat Burhanudin
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.1-28

Abstract

In reference to the works of two leading ‘ulama of 19th century Southeast Asia, Da’ud al-Fatani and Nawawi al-Bantani, this article discusses the establishment of two Islamic writing traditions, the Malay kitab Jawi and the Arabic kitab which turned to be called more recently as kitab kuning. In spite of the same experiences learning in Mecca, Da’ud al-Fatani wrote his works in Malay, while Nawawi al-Bantani’s kitab were in Arabic. These two writing traditions contributed to the formation of Islamic knowledge among the Muslims of the period, leading the two ‘ulama emerged as the intellectual fathers of Islamic dynamics in respectively Patani-Malaya and Java in Indonesia. In addition to the reason and the ways the two ‘ulama wrote their works in in two different writing styles, other point to highlight is that these kitab Jawi and kitab kuning grew alongside the rise of different Islamic leadership in two major Muslim areas in the region.Artikel ini membahas dua kitab kuning berbahasa Melayu Jawa dan Arab di Asia Tenggara yang merupakan karya Da’ud al-Fatani dan Nawawi al-Bantani. Da’ud al-Fatani menulis dalam bahasa Melayu, sedangkan Nawawi menulis kitab dalam bahasa Arab meskipun keduanya sama-sama belajar agama di Mekkah. Dua kitab ini berkontribusi dalam formasi pembentukan pengetahuan keislaman muslim di Asia Tenggara dan kedua orang tersebut menjadi pembimbing kemunculan dinamika intelektual di Patani dan Jawa abad 19. Keduanya juga hidup di masa kepemimpinan Islam mayoritas yang berbeda wilayah yang mempunyai peran penting dalam pemilihan bahasa, semacam liberasi kognitif, dalam gerakan sosial keagamaan. Penulisan kitab ini bukan sekedar kegelisahan intelektual semata, tetapi mengakar kuat dalam sikap mental yang dominan dalam karakter kepemimpinan Malayu dan Jawa Islam.  
Between Polygyny and Monogamy: Marriage in Saudi Arabia and Beyond Sumanto Al Qurtuby
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.29-62

Abstract

Saudi Arabia has long been portrayed as a “hub of polygyny,” a practice of marriage in which a man marries several women simultaneously. However, my recent research among Saudi male youths suggest that this practice is waning nowadays. A younger generation in the Kingdom seems to prefer monogamy—a man marrying one wife—to polygamy for several essential reasons, factors and arguments. Based on interviews and conversations with a number of young Saudis as well as outcomes of survey findings, this article tries to debunk the myth of polygyny in the Kingdom and attempts to understand the rationales and logics behind monogamy choice among male (and female) youths of contemporary Saudi Arabia. The article also briefly highlights the practice of polygyny and monogamy in multiple societies outside Saudi Arabia to compare and gain knowledge on various practices of marriage. Seen from another viewpoint, the article is a reflection of a modern-day fruitful socio-cultural development and change in Saudi Arabia that have received enthusiastic and public acclaim across the globe.Arab Saudi digambarkan sejak lama sebagai ‘pusat poligini’, sebuah praktik pernikahan satu laki-laki dengan sejumlah perempuan secara simultan. Namun dalam penelitian saya terbaru terhadap sejumlah laki-laki muda Arab menyatakan praktik poligini mulai memudar saat ini. Generasi muda di wilayah kerajaan Arab tampaknya mulai memilih monogami, daripada poligami, dengan beberapa alasan, faktor dan argumen yang mendasar. Berdasarkan wawancara dan percakapan dengan sejumlah pemuda Arab yang temuannya menunjukkan, seperti dalam artikel ini adalah menyanggah mitos poligini di kerajaan Saudi dan usaha memahami rasionalitas dan logika monogami pemuda dan pemudi di Arab Saudi dewasa ini. Artikel ini juga sekilas membahas praktik poligini dan monogami di luar Arab Saudi sebagai perbandingan dan pengetahuan mengenai ragam bentuk praktik pernikahan di berbagai masyarakat. Dengan sudut pandang lain, artikel ini mencerminkan kehidupan modern dari aneka perkembangan sosial budaya dan perubahan di Arab Saudi yang menerima semangat dan penerimaan publik lintas dunia. 
Dialectic of Religion and National Identity in North Sulawesi Jewish Communities in The Perspective of Cross-Cultural and Religious Psychology Sekar Ayu Aryani
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.199-226

Abstract

This study aims to explore how theology and culture influence the national attitude and behavior of Jews in North Sulawesi. The question arises because of Judaism teaching on Promised Land, an always-longed place by the Jews of the diaspora country. The qualitative study employs purposive sampling by using the Cross-Cultural and Religious Psychology approach. It relied on interviews from Jews prominent figures and its followers in North Sulawesi and was complemented by the non-Jews religious leader, documents, and literature. Data analysis consists of data reduction, exploration, and verification. The last step was data contextualization by combining field and library research data. The study found that Jews in North Sulawesi harbored a longing for the Promised Land, but it did not prevent the growth of their nationalism spirit and loyalty to the Republic of Indonesia. Furthermore, their firm nationalism to Indonesia, and the objective approach to the Promised Land proofing their loyalty to the Torah. This research also discovered, behind the exclusive impression of Jews, their teachings there had a very pluralist and inclusive vision. The study concludes, the assumption that Jews in North Sulawesi will face loyalty problem to the Republic of Indonesia appear unproven, because they can interpret their faith flexibly and rationally.  [Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana teologi dan budaya mempengaruhi sikap dan perilaku nasionalisme orang Yahudi di Sulawesi Utara. Pertanyaan itu muncul karena Yudaisme memiliki ajaran tentang Tanah Perjanjian, tempat yang selalu dinanti oleh orang-orang Yahudi di negara diaspora. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan purposive sampling dengan menggunakan pendekatan Psikologi Lintas Budaya dan Agama. Pengumpulan data mengutamakan wawancara dari tokoh-tokoh Yahudi dan pengikutnya di Sulawesi Utara dan para tokoh agama non-Yahudi, kemudian dilengkapi dengan dokumen, dan studi literatur. Analisis data terdiri dari reduksi data, eksplorasi, dan verifikasi. Langkah terakhir adalah kontekstualisasi data dengan menggabungkan data penelitian lapangan dan perpustakaan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa orang-orang Yahudi di Sulawesi Utara menyimpan kerinduan akan Tanah Perjanjian, tetapi itu tidak menghalangi pertumbuhan semangat nasionalisme dan kesetiaan mereka kepada Republik Indonesia. Lebih jauh lagi, nasionalisme mereka yang kuat terhadap Indonesia, dan pendekatan objektif terhadap Tanah Perjanjian membuktikan kesetiaan mereka kepada Taurat. Penelitian ini juga menemukan, di balik kesan eksklusif orang Yahudi, ajaran mereka di sana memiliki visi yang sangat pluralis dan inklusif. Studi ini menyimpulkan, anggapan bahwa orang Yahudi di Sulawesi Utara akan menghadapi masalah kesetiaan kepada Republik Indonesia tampaknya tidak terbukti, karena mereka dapat menafsirkan iman mereka secara fleksibel dan rasional.]
Theory of Deconstruction: A Comparative Study of the Views of Western and Muslim Theorists and Philosophers Ghulam Sarwar Butt; Ihsan ur Rahman Ghauri
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.131-166

Abstract

This research paper deals with the theory of deconstruction, as enunciated by French abstruse theorist and philosopher Jacques Derrida. This notable theory is considered to be one of the most significant theories of Postmodernism, a literary and philosophical trend that is famous for its distrust of ideologies and theories whatsoever and stresses the importance of conventions. This literary and philosophical theory challenges our perceived notions regarding text and their meanings by emphasizing the fact that language is nothing but a chain of signifiers. In other words, it means that meanings of a text–worldly or transcendental–are not stable ones; they are unstable and transient. Though this theory has gained much power and prestige in the realm of literature and philosophy; however, this theory has been castigated both by Muslim and Western philosophers and theorists, too. This paper is a humble effort to analyze the views of some well-known and veteran Muslim and Western theorists and philosophers. [Artikel ini bersepakat dengan teori dekonstruksi yang dikenalkan oleh filosof Prancis Jacques Derrida. Sebagai salah satu teori yang penting dalam teori-teori posmodern, kepopulerannya dalam sastra dan filsafat menggoyahkan ideologi dan teori lain serta menekankan pentingnya konvensi umum. Teori sastra dan filsafatnya menantang apa yang sudah kita yakini tentang teks dan makna dengan menekankan fakta bahwa bahasa bukan apa apa selain rangkain pertanda. Dengan kata lain, makna sebuah teks, imanen atau transenden, adalah tidak tetap, mereka labil dan sementara. Walaupun teori ini mendapat posisi kuat dan prestisius dalam sastra dan filsafat, namun disangsikan oleh beberapa pemikir muslim dan barat. Artikel ini merupakan usaha menganalisa pandangan mereka mengenai teori dekonstruksi, baik dari pemikir muslim dan barat.]
In the Making of Salafi-Based Islamic Schools in Indonesia Jamhari Makruf; Saifudin Asrori
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.227-264

Abstract

The Salafi manhaj (method) is emerging as a new form of Islamic education, in addition to the existing pesantren (Islamic boarding school) and madrasah (Islamic school) education systems, both of which have long histories in Indonesia. The presence of these schools reflects Salafi efforts to achieve “purification of Islam” though adherence to the idea of returning to the ‘authentic Islam’ as practiced by the early generations of Muslim. Salafi manhaj schools are also part of a transnational Islamic movement that has purposely spread ideas and movements from the Middle East around the world, including to Indonesia. Over time, these schools have developed into two models: Integrated Islamic Schools and Salafi manhaj pesantrens. Both aim to instill Islamic tenets that comply with the Salafi manhaj and disseminate and incorporate such tenets in the religious practices of Indonesian Muslims, although the Integrated Islamic Schools are more inclusive and teach aspects of the conventional state curriculum too. This article challenges previous findings that the influence of Salafi education has faded in Indonesia as efforts to combat Islamist terrorism globally have increased, arguing that Salafi educators have been strategic and effective in promoting their approach to religious education.[Manhaj Salafi merupakan model pendidikan Islam yang baru muncul melengkapi keberadaan model lama, pendidikan pesantren dan madrasah yang keduanya mempunyai sejarah panjang di Indonesia. Kehadiran sekolah Salafi mencerminkan usaha untuk ‘pemurnian Islam’ melalui ketaatan pada konsep mengembalikan ‘Islam autentik’ yang dipraktikkan oleh generasi awal muslim. Sekolah manhaj Salafi merupakan bagian dari gerakan Islam transnasional yang bertujuan menyebarkan ide dan gerakan asal Timur Tengah ke seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Sejauh ini mereka mengembangkan dua model yaitu sekolah Islam terpadu dan pesantren manhaj salafi. Keduanya menerapkan prinsip Islam yang selaras dengan manhaj Salafi serta menyebarluaskan prinsip tersebut dalam praktik keagamaan muslim di Indonesia, meski sekolah Islam terpadu tersebut juga lebih inklusif dan menerapkan kurikulum standar nasional. Artikel ini menantang tesis sebelumnya yang menyatakan bahwa pengaruh pendidikan Salafi di Indonesia luntur oleh peningkatan usaha memerangi teroris global. Namun pada kenyataannya adalah pendidik Salafi mempunyai strategi yang efektif dalam mempromosikan pendekatannya dalam pendidikan keagamaan.]
The Trajectory of the Jihad Discourse in Malay World: An Analysis on the Baḥr Al-Mādhī by Muḥammad Idrīs Al-Marbawī Muhammad Adam Abd. Azid; Ibrahim Adham Mohd Rokhibi; Mohd Farhan Md Ariffin; Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele; Mohammad Fahmi Abdul Hamid
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.265-286

Abstract

The term of jihad has a significant role in the formation of Islamic identity, politics, and nations. For example, the Malay World during the colonial or pre-independence, has created the momentum among community to break free from the colonial at the time. This spirit was injected with elements of jihad through the advice of scholars, graduates returning from the middle east who brought the spirit of independence and through writing. Among the writings that may have a role in explaining jihad among the Malay community is Baḥr al-Mādhī [1924-1960]. This article will analyse on the representation of jihad and warfare term in the Baḥr al-Mādhī, a book written by Muḥammad Idrīs al-Marbawī [1896-1989]. It can be considered as one of the greatest masterpieces of Malay Muslim scholar in the twentieth century. It was composed as a commentary to the hadith in Jāmi‘ al-Tirmidhī and have been written in Malay language. This article also analyses al-Marbawi’s contribution to Malay community understanding jihad in pre independence period of Malaysia through his commentary and translation of the hadith of jihad in Baḥr al-Mādhī. This study applied qualitative study, data collected by library research and analysed by document analysis methodology. Study found that, the Baḥr al-Mādhī by Muḥammad Idrīs al-Marbawī has played a major role in the understanding of jihad among Malays in pre-independence period. This book symbolizes the local wisdom of the Malay community at the earliest time. This contribution can be understood through the background of the writing of this book, its wide pertinence into society and the content of jihad in it.[Konsep jihad mempunyai peran signifikan dalam pembentukan identitas keislaman, politik dan kebangsaan. Misalnya seperti dunia Melayu pada masa kolonial atau pra kemerdekaan dimana sarjana muslimnya yang pulang dari belajar di Timur Tengah mendorong masyarakatnya berjuang melawan kolonialisme dan menuntut kemerdekaan melalui tulisan mereka. Salah satu tulisan yang menerangkan konsep jihad dalam masyarakat Melayu adalah Baḥr al-Mādhī. Artikel ini menjelaskan konsep jihad dan perang dalam karya Baḥr al-Mādhī, satu karya terbaik sarjana muslim Melayu abad 20, yang ditulis oleh Muḥammad Idrīs al-Marbawī (1896-1989). Karya ini merupakan komentar terhadap kitab hadist Jāmi‘ al-Tirmidhī yang ditulis dalam bahasa Melayu. Artikel ini juga membahas kontribusi penting al-Marbawī dalam menjelaskan jihad dalam masyarakat Melayu masa pra kemerdekaan. Dengan studi literatur dan analisis dokumen terkait, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa karya al-Marbawī merupakan simbol dari kearifan lokal masyarakat Melayu pada masa awal. Kontribusi pentingnya terlihat dari luasnya pengaruh dan pendalaman pemahaman tentang jihad di masyarakat Melayu saat itu.]
The Formalization of Sharia in Aceh to Discipline the Female Body Zuly Qodir; Hasse Jubba; Mega Hidayati; Dyah Mutiarin
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.63-90

Abstract

The formalization of sharia (particularly regional regulations on sharia in Aceh) since 2001 up to 2019 had incorporated economic and political contents between local and national elites. Such condition was a result of local and national elite interests gaining political advantages wherein sharia was utilized as a tool by the elites to dominate civilians. Due to political interests, civilians became marginalized by sharia. The current article demonstrates that local and national political elites had used sharia for their political interests without considering the substantial purpose of sharia itself. Women, in particular, are disadvantaged by the various regulations (qanun) issued by wilayatul khisbah as the guardians of sharia in Aceh. The article also aims to show existing contradictions between the ideal aspirations of wilayatul khisbah and the actual practice of regional regulations pertaining to sharia on the ground, namely the involvement of political elites in advocating sharia, which has not made people become more religious but provoked them to resist in secret instead. Data in the article were acquired through literature study, field observations, and in-depth interviews with a number of informants[Formalisasi syariah Islam di Aceh melalui Peraturan Daerah (Qanun) sejak 2001 telah melibatkan kolaborasi ekonomi dan politik antara elit lokal dan nasional. Situasi tersebut menyebabkan kepentingan elit lokal dan nasional berebut keuntungan politis sebagai alat mendominasi warganya, sehingga menyebabkan kepentingan warga termarjinalisasi. Artikel ini membahas elit lokal dan nasional yang memanfaatkan syariat Islam untuk kepentingannya sendiri tanpa mempertimbangkan tujuan utamanya. Perempuan sering dirugikan oleh sejumlah aturan yang dikeluarkan oleh tim penegak syariat Islam (wilayatul khisbah). Artikel ini juga memperlihatkan kontradiksi antara  aspirasi ideal dan praktik di lapangan lembaga wilayatul khisbah yang mana keterlibatan elit politik dalam advokasi syariat Islam tidak mendorong lebih religius tetapi justru mendorong warga melawan diam-diam. Data artikel ini didapatkan dari studi literatur, observasi lapangan dan wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah informan.]
Political Exegesis of the Holy Quran: A Rational and Critical vision Zakir Aras; Sohirin Mohammad Solihin
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.287-314

Abstract

This study deals with the exposition of political orientation in giving exegetical understanding of the Holy Qur’an with the use of rational and critical vision. It also attempts to analyse the books on sciences of the Quran to reveal the advantegous and disadvantageous for those who subcribe what so-called ‘the modern way of exegesis’. In addition, it presents the efforts of previous exegetical notion as well as the contribution of contemporary scholars in dealing with the issue of political exegesis by explaining their political direction. Moreover, it aims at giving scientific solutions and presenting rational responses with regard to the lacking aspects of the methodology within political exegesis of the book of Allah and to disclose the thing which comes closer to the truth. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach, where to discuss in the folds of the research and analytical based on exploring political interpretation and monitoring its pros and cons. There is no doubt that the Qur’an is the first source of Islamic legislation, and therefore it encompassed all social fields, and based on this basis, limiting the understanding and interpretation of the Qur’an to a specific thing or to a specific era or a method of curriculum is something that contradicts the Qur’an itself. Just as we welcome the various explanatory methods and their methods and colors, we must welcome the political interpretation of our days as long as it adopts the right approach and the good methods. However, it is not possible to deal with the entire Qur’an with a naive political perspective, and to interpret the Book of God according to political requirements and concepts, as it will lead to the emergence of political movements or military groups that give great interest in the political aspect of the Qur’an, so the Holy Qur’an enters into a political battle that the message of the Holy Qur’an does not aim at.Artikel ini membahas orientasi politis dalam penulisan tafsir Qur’an dengan pendekatan yang lebih rasional dan kritis. Artikel ini juga menganalisis literatur kajian tentang Qur’an serta menunjukkan keuntungan dan kerugian dari istilah yang dikenal sebagai pendekatan modern dalam tafsir Qur’an. Selain itu juga menjelaskan kajian–kajian tafsir sebelumnya hingga kontribusi kajian sarjana tafsir saat ini yang terkait dengan pembahasan politisasi tafsir berserta kecenderungan politisnya. Disamping itu, artikel ini memberikan solusi dan respon rasional berdasar pada aspek kesenjangan metodologi politisasi tafsir dan usaha mengungkapkan pada kebenaran. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dan analitik, dimana akan didasarkan pada eksplorasi berbagai penafsiran politis dan mengamati pendukung dan penentangnya. Tidak ada keraguan bahwa Qur’an adalah sumber hukum Islam yang pertama dan merangkum semua bidang, sehingga atas dasar ini membatasi pemahaman dan penafsiran Qur’an kepada sesuatu atau era tertentu atau kurikulum tertentu adalah sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan Qur’an itu sendiri. Seperti halnya kita menerima penjelasan tentang metode dan ragam yang sudah ada, maka kita juga harus menyambut baik ragam tafsir dan orientasinya saat ini selama menggunakan pendekatan yang tepat dan metode yang baik. Meski demikian, tidak mungkin berurusan dengan Qur’an yang perspektif tafsirannya naif dan mengikuti kecenderungan politik tertentu hingga memunculkan gerakan atau kelompok politik tertentu. Alih-alih justru membawa Qur’an dalam pertikaian politik dan jauh dari pesan-pesan Qur’an yang sebenarnya.
Saving Lives and Limiting the Means and Methods of Warfare: Five Indonesian Tafsīr Views Ulya Fikriyati; Ah. Fawaid
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.167-198

Abstract

Protection of non-combatants and restrictions on methods of warfare are two essential aspects of jus in bello. Dawoody’s and Hashmi’s theory states that the classical Islamic scientific tradition discusses jus in bello much more than contemporary Islamic studies do. Contemporary studies are more preoccupied with deciphering jus ad bellum as a response to the West’s stigma against Islam. This article examines the theory in the realm of Qur’anic interpretation (tafsīr). Five authoritative Indonesian tafsīrs will be the samples; Tarjumān al-Mustafīd, Marāḥ Labīd, Al-Azhar, Al-Miṣbāḥ, and Firdaws al-Naʻīm. The first two tafsīrs represent the classical era, the third came from the transitional era, and the last two tafsīrs originated from the contemporary era. The article examines the shifting trend through two main issues in humanitarian law: protection of non-combatants, civilians, and civilian objects, and limits on the methods and means of war.[Perlindungan terhadap yang bukan kombatan dan pembatasan model perang merupakan aspek penting dalam prinsip hukum jus in bello. Teori Dawood dan Hashmi menyatakan bahwa dalam tradisi pengetahuan Islam klasik justru lebih banyak membahas jus in bello daripada studi Islam kontemporer. Studi kontemporer cenderung menceritakan jus ad bellum sebagai respon terhadap stigmatisasi barat pada islam. Artikel ini akan membahas lima tafsir Qur’an yaitu: Tarjumān al-Mustafīd, Marāḥ Labīd, Al-Azhar, Al-Miṣbāḥ, dan Firdaws al-Naʻīm. Dua yang awal mewakili masa klasik, tafsir ketiga berasal dari masa transisi dan dua yang terakhir mewakili masa kontemporer. Artikel ini juga membahas pergeseran trend kajian melalui dua isu penting yaitu perlindungan pada non kombatan, sipil dan objek sipil dan pembatasan pada metode dan peralatan perang].
Muhammadiyah’s Views and Actions on the Protection of Civilians during the Japanese Invasion of the Netherlands Indies, 1941-1942 Muhammad Yuanda Zara
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.91-130

Abstract

Studies on Muhammadiyah largely ignore Muhammadiyah’s perceptions of war. This study explores Muhammadiyah’s thoughts and practices on the protection of civilians in a so far neglected war, namely Japanese invasion of the Netherlands Indies in 1941-1942. Using historical research method, this study scrutinizes previously unexamined primary sources, the weekly magazine Adil, which was published by Surakarta branch of Muhammadiyah, in editions between 1941-1942. By examining edicts from the Central Board of Muhammadiyah as well as the writings of individuals affiliated with Muhammadiyah published by Adil, this study argues that Muhammadiyah was highly attentive to efforts to protect the civilians in times of war, by basing its thoughts on the interplay between Islamic principles and modern ideas about the rights of non-combatants in battle. Muhammadiyah strongly emphasized that during the war the civilians must be protected by the state. It moreover advised people to build spiritual and mental strength so that they can survive the war and advocated a self-protection of civilians by encouraging every resident of the Indies to help each other during the war. It campaigned for the protection of civilians with various methods and by establishing a special agency to organize the protection efforts. This study elucidates the role of Muhammadiyah in providing information, religious guidance and practical supports to its members and the Indonesian people in general regarding the protection of civilians in a war that finally overthrew European colonial powers in Southeast Asia.Studi-studi tentang Muhammadiyah masih mengabaikan tema persepsi Muhammadiyah tentang perang. Kajian ini mengeksplor pandangan dan tindakan Muhammadiyah terkait perlindungan warga sipil di masa perang, dalam konteks yang selama ini terabaikan, yaitu invasi Jepang ke Hindia Belanda pada 1941-1942. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah, studi ini mengkaji sumber-sumber primer yang belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya, yaitu majalah mingguan Adil yang diterbitkan oleh Muhammadiyah cabang Surakarta, di edisi antara tahun 1941-1942. Dengan menelaah maklumat-maklumat Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah serta tulisan individu-individu yang berafiliasi dengan Muhammadiyah yang diterbitkan oleh Adil, penelitian ini berargumen bahwa Muhammadiyah menaruh perhatian besar pada upaya melindungi warga sipil di masa perang, dengan mendasarkan pemikirannya pada saling interaksi antara prinsip-prinsip Islam dan ide-ide modern tentang hak-hak non-kombatan dalam pertempuran. Muhammadiyah sangat menekankan bahwa selama perang warga sipil harus dilindungi oleh negara. Selain itu, Muhammadiyah mengajak masyarakat untuk membangun kekuatan spiritual dan mental sehingga mereka dapat bertahan dari perang dan menganjurkan agar warga sipil berupaya melindungi diri mereka sendiri dengan mendorong setiap penduduk Hindia untuk saling membantu selama perang. Muhammadiyah mengkampanyekan perlindungan warga sipil dengan berbagai metode dan dengan membentuk badan khusus untuk menyelenggarakan upaya perlindungan. Kajian ini menjelaskan peran Muhammadiyah dalam memberikan informasi, panduan keagamaan, dan dukungan praktis kepada anggotanya dan masyarakat Indonesia pada umumnya mengenai perlindungan warga sipil dalam perang yang akhirnya menggulingkan kekuatan kolonial Eropa di Asia Tenggara.]

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