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Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 2339076X     EISSN : 25022458     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management is managed by the International Research Centre for the Management of Degraded and Mining Lands (IRC-MEDMIND), research collaboration between Brawijaya University, Mataram University, Massey University, and Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences-China Papers dealing with result of original research, and critical reviews on aspects directed to the management of degraded and mining lands covering topography of a landscape, soil and water quality, biogeochemistry, ecosystem structure and function, and environmental, economic, social and health impacts are welcome with no page charge
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Articles 993 Documents
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Agricultural land, coal mining, and urbanisation: A GIS-based analysis of land cover changes in Kosovo Ibrahimi, Besarta; Bytyqi, Valbon; Agaj, Tropikë; Ramadani, Ibrahim
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.131.9635

Abstract

The central sector of the Kosovo Plain, an area undergoing intense industrial and urban expansion, was selected to analyse the interrelationship between agricultural land use, coal mining operations, and land cover transformations. A geospatial analytical framework, using A GIS-based analytical framework was employed to assess land cover dynamics over the past two decades. This study critically examined the spatial and temporal patterns of land use change within one of the most densely populated and economically significant regions in both Kosovo and the broader Balkan area with the aim of quantifying the rate, magnitude, and direction of these changes to address the current gap in regional-scale assessments. Extensive lignite extraction central to Kosovo’s energy sector has driven the conversion of arable land into mining zones. However, the prevalence of open-pit lignite extraction has led to substantial environmental changes, particularly the conversion of arable land into mining zones. The study evaluated land cover transformations associated with environmental impacts between 2000 and 2018. Results indicated a 10% decline in agricultural land and a 59% increase in artificial surfaces between 2000 and 2018, reflecting intense urban and industrial expansion across the Kosovo Plain. These trends highlight accelerating anthropogenic pressures and underline the urgent need for integrated spatial planning and sustainable land management policies in Kosovo’s rapidly transforming lowlands.
Path analysis of “new” humic acid derived from water hyacinth on phosphorus dynamics in P-deficient Inceptisols and chili response under intensive cultivation Sofyan, Emma Trinurani; Hermawan, Mega Kartika; Sudirja, Rija; Nurbaity, Anne; Fitriatin, Betty Natalie; Mulyani, Oviyanti; Setiawati, Mieke Rochimi; Djuansah, Muhamad Rahman
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.131.9669

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) deficiency in intensively cultivated Inceptisols is a persistent problem, not only because of low P reserves but also because of ongoing soil degradation, which reduces fertilizer use efficiency and is characteristic of degraded soils. This study aimed to develop a “new” humic acid from water hyacinth biomass (WHL) through accelerated aerobic decomposition using lignocellulolytic microorganisms and to evaluate its effectiveness in improving soil P dynamics and chili growth responses. The experiment was conducted on P-deficient Inceptisols of the Jatinangor series characterized by low P availability and high metal content. Water hyacinth collected from local reservoirs and rivers was aerobically decomposed with selected microbial starters to enhance humification. WHL was applied in combination with inorganic P fertilizer (SP-36), and its effects on soil P availability, phosphorus dynamics, and chili pepper growth and yield were evaluated using path analysis. The results showed that WHL significantly improved P dynamics mainly through an indirect mechanism involving increased P availability and reduced P fixation, thereby improving chili growth and yield. Application of WHL at a rate of 30 kg ha?¹ combined with SP-36 at a rate of 250 kg ha?¹ produced responses comparable to those obtained with commercial humic acid. These findings indicate that WHL has strong potential as a renewable and cost-effective alternative source of humic acid to improve phosphorus efficiency, restore soil chemical function, and reduce dependence on inorganic P fertilizers in degraded Inceptisols under intensive cultivation.
Logistics of landfill fire suppression: environmental risks and response optimization Boyko, Taras; Fediv, Iryna; Popovych, Vasyl; Dochynets, Vasyl; Barabash, Olha; Koval, Nazarii
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.132.9733

Abstract

Landfill fires are among the most complex environmental emergencies affecting degraded lands, particularly in urban and peri-urban areas of Ukraine. The combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW) is accompanied by the release of toxic gases, persistent organic pollutants, and heavy metals, which leads to soil contamination, vegetation damage, and long-term ecological instability. Unlike short-term atmospheric pollution events, landfill fires often have prolonged and recurrent impacts due to internal smouldering processes and heterogeneous thermal conditions within waste layers. This study examines the environmental risks associated with landfill fires and focuses on the logistical aspects of fire suppression as a key factor in limiting secondary land degradation. The analysis is based on field observations, operational data from emergency response activities, and documented landfill fire events in large Ukrainian cities. Particular attention is paid to internal landfill temperatures, which in subsurface layers may exceed +90 °C, creating conditions for spontaneous ignition and long-lasting smouldering combustion.
Accelerating degraded land rehabilitation through liquid soil conditioning Marjenah, Marjenah; Kiswanto, Kiswanto; Karyati, Karyati; Rosamah, Enih; Sarminah, Sri; Riyayatsyah, Riyayatsyah
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.132.9701

Abstract

Mining activities led to land degradation, which in turn resulted in food insecurity. Additionally, it limited post-mine plant growth actions but did not initiate any new actions. The drawings describe the involvement of soils resulting from various land uses following degradation actions, including agriculture, forestry, and other land uses. It gives an overall description of the activities and processes. The primary factors involved in land degradation include structural changes in soil, pH, and the activity of various components. The Liquid Soil Conditioning (LSC) solution developed in the study provides a resource that can be used as an application option for land restoration. This study evaluated the post-coal mining problem in West Samboja, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. It offers a prospect to understand soil conditions related to the availability of essential nutrients and microorganisms. This study examined various physical, chemical, and?biological characteristics of the soil. The results showed that LSC can make land management more sustainable. The LSC can mitigate the opposing effects on soil and support beneficial?soil microbes. This innovation not only restores damaged land and makes it more suitable for planting, but also increases land production and supports the other functions of the natural ecosystem. Those working in land restoration should conceivably use LSC more?frequently. This method can?support more sustainable post-mining land management when accompanied by regular soil monitoring and further research in advance.
Assessment of the soil erosion and sedimentation levels of selected Small Water Impounding Systems (SWIS) in Nueva Ecija, Philippines Camania, Denver C.; Almerol, Carolyn Grace S.; Malamug, Vitaliana U.; Castillo, Claire Marie M.; Fabula, Jonathan V.; Sacdalan, John Paulo C.; Badua, Sylvester A.; Reños, Erwin B.; Samson, Richard V.
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.132.9717

Abstract

The Philippines was able to implement around 740 small water impounding systems (SWIS) from 1974-2021, which reportedly irrigated a service area of more than 27,000 hectares, benefiting about 26,600 farmers. Unfortunately, these projects are facing an alarming sedimentation problem due to soil erosion at upstream watersheds. It was observed that limited studies have been undertaken for the past 10 years that investigate the status of SWIS, especially the governing relationship between soil erosion and reservoir sedimentation. The present study was driven by these problems to provide a picture of its current levels of severity and its effects on the project itself. The six (6) selected sites were situated in the north-western portion of Nueva Ecija province, namely Villa Isla, Mangandingay, Villa Boado, Maasin, Tibag II, and Alalay Grande SWIS. The soil erosion component of the study was evaluated using the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) and Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS). While the sediments deposited at the SWIS reservoir were measured using the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) equipment. It was found out that these sites were now experiencing soil erosion from slight to moderate, 3.21 t/ha/year, to extremely high, 100.35 t/ha/year. In effect, the level of sedimentation within the reservoirs reached the intensity from slight to high with values ranging from 2.20-26.11 t/ha/year. Thus, recording an average reservoir storage loss of 702.86 m3/year or 2.86%/year which equated to average remaining useful life of 37.01 years, at 100% capacity of the reservoir.
Vegetation structure and biomass dynamics following a severe typhoon in post-disturbance mining landscapes of Cagdianao, Dinagat Islands, Philippines Sarmiento, Roger T.; Dulawan, John Michael A.; Mercado, Joel A.
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.132.9689

Abstract

In December 2021, a severe typhoon caused widespread damage to forest ecosystems across Northern Mindanao, including the Dinagat Islands, an ecologically significant area yet subjected to ongoing mining activities. This study presents a post-disturbance floristic and biomass assessment conducted two years later within a 226-hectare Mineral Production Sharing Agreement site in Cagdianao, Dinagat Islands, Philippines. The objective was to evaluate early forest regeneration, species diversity, and biomass dynamics in a disturbed tropical mining landscape. Vegetation was dominated by young regrowth, primarily sapling-stage trees. Using a quadrat-transect design with 10 × 10 m plots spaced at least 250 m apart, the survey documented 48 tree species from 42 genera and 28 families, with an overall Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’) of 3.142, ranging from 0.974 to 2.424 across sampling stations. The understory vegetation comprised 69 taxa representing 40 families, indicating a heterogeneous plant community in early succession. Conservation assessments identified nine species listed on the IUCN Red List and seven categorized as threatened under DENR DAO 2017-11. Remote sensing analysis using ESA Biomass data revealed that 51.4% of the area experienced biomass loss immediately after the typhoon, resulting in a net decline of 4.28%, but partial recovery of 25.63% was observed in 2022. These findings underscore the importance of integrating floristic assessments with satellite-derived biomass monitoring to track post-disturbance ecosystem dynamics. The study contributes to evidence-based biodiversity conservation, ecological monitoring, and the development of sustainable post-mining rehabilitation strategies in typhoon-prone tropical ecosystems.
The dynamics of traditional gold mining on customary land: Between local wisdom and the pressure of illegal gold mining Nurafni, Melia; Siregar, Yusni Ihwan; Suwondo, Suwondo; Gusliana , HB
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.132.9787

Abstract

Customary land is an essential asset for indigenous communities and a primary source of livelihood. In recent years, however, traditional gold mining has become increasingly threatened by the emergence of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities within customary areas. This study aimed to analyse the dynamics of traditional gold mining on customary land and to examine the local wisdom values that support conservation. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews. Changes in land cover were measured using the area calculation method through post-classification area statistics techniques in a Geographic Information System (GIS), and the data were analysed using qualitative descriptive methods. The findings showed that: (1) the utilization of customary land for traditional gold mining has progressively declined as a result of land-use conversion. The dynamics experienced by the Indigenous community illustrate a process of commons enclosure, in which customary land as a communal resource has increasingly been transformed into privatized or commercialized space through rental mechanisms, thereby causing traditional gold panners to lose access to their customary living and working spaces; and (2) local wisdom practices embedded in traditional gold panning contribute to ecosystem conservation. These values include: (a) the philosophy of “not being greedy,” (b) the use of simple technology, namely wooden pans (ethno-technology), (c) shallow surface excavation, (d) gold separation through the panning motion without mercury, and (e) a subsistence-oriented ethic associated with gold panning as a livelihood source.
Mine waste dump planning with focus on arsenic risk mitigation based on uncertainty analysis Nadiri, Zahra; Sayadi, Ahmad Reza; Mousavi, Amin; Vaziri, Vahid
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.132.9741

Abstract

Mine waste dumps represent significant sources of toxic and hazardous elements, posing long-term environmental risks such as acid rock drainage and heavy metal migration, particularly over extended periods. The inherent uncertainty in the chemical composition of waste rocks, particularly for less-studied elements such as arsenic, complicates long-term waste dump management. This study investigates the uncertainty in waste rock characteristics, with a focus on arsenic, to enhance waste dump design and provide recommendations for managing the dispersion of this toxic element. Initially, the uncertainty in arsenic grade is quantified using the Sequential Gaussian Simulation method. Subsequently, a waste dump optimization model, building upon our previously developed deterministic model, is adapted to incorporate arsenic content into the design and construction of the waste dump. This approach is implemented at a gold mine. The results indicate that, while the mathematical model achieves a more homogeneous arsenic distribution within the waste dump, some cells still contain elevated concentrations due to the overall high arsenic content. The uncertainty analysis reveals that, in an optimistic scenario, approximately 557,197 tons of arsenic would be deposited, whereas, in a pessimistic scenario, this amount could reach 747,254 tons. Finally, several strategies are proposed and discussed to reduce arsenic levels in waste dumps, aiding decision-makers.
A GIS-based spatio-temporal database approach to land suitability classification for papaya (Carica papaya L.) cultivation Irawan, Sudra; Sismanto, Sismanto; Sari, Diyan Rahma; Aji, Satriya Bayu
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.132.9817

Abstract

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a high-value horticultural crop that can be cultivated year-round and helps improve farmers’ incomes. However, successful papaya cultivation depends heavily on environmental conditions, making land suitability assessment a critical step for sustainable development. This study examined the limiting factors influencing the suitability of agricultural land for papaya cultivation on Galang Island using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. The study used matching and scoring methods to evaluate land characteristics against papaya growth requirements. The assessment was conducted for each land unit to identify actual and potential land suitability classes based on key environmental parameters. The findings show that land suitability on Galang Island is divided into two categories: actual and potential. Under current conditions, land units 1, 2, and 3 fall into the S3 (marginally suitable) class, with water availability (wa) identified as the primary limiting factor, resulting in an S3wa classification. Improvement measures were proposed to enhance land suitability by increasing the suitability class by one level. The implementation of irrigation systems, improved soil management, and appropriate fertilization is expected to upgrade land units 1, 2, and 3 to the S2 (moderately suitable) class. After improvement, land suitability is classified as S2wa, tc, with water availability and temperature remaining as limiting factors. Some parameters cannot be improved due to inherent natural conditions. Overall, Galang Island demonstrates significant potential for sustainable papaya cultivation.
Assessing mangrove health index as a basis for degradation mitigation planning Toknok, Bau; Hulu, Amati Eltriman; Purnama, Rizky; Panuntun, Madina Dwi; Zamani, Istiqomah Shariati; Hasibuan, Dwi Kartika Asih
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.132.9953

Abstract

This study aimed to detect mangrove cover, analyze spatio-temporal changes, and assess mangrove health conditions in South Banawa District, Donggala Regency, using multi-temporal Sentinel-2A imagery. Mangrove detection was conducted using a machine learning based Decision Tree algorithm, while mangrove health was evaluated using the Mangrove Health Index (MHI). The variables included spectral bands and multiple spectral indices (NDVI, NDBI, MNDWI, CMRI, NBR, GCI, SIPI, and ARVI). The classification model demonstrated very high performance, with Overall Accuracy, Kappa, and F1-Score values exceeding 98%. The results indicated a decline in mangrove area from 123.96 ha to 95.5 ha, equivalent to a loss of 28.46 ha (22.96%) during the observation period. Degradation was spatially concentrated in areas with high accessibility and proximity to shrimp farming activities. Despite this decline, mangrove conditions were predominantly classified as healthy (87.56%), followed by moderate (12.41%) and poor (0.03%) categories. MHI-based mitigation strategies prioritize low-index areas for restoration through hydrological rehabilitation and buffer zone establishment, while healthy areas are primarily focused on conservation and periodic monitoring. This approach supports data-driven conservation planning, restoration prioritization, and sustainable coastal management based on remote sensing and machine learning.

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