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Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 14115131     EISSN : 25282794     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya untuk penyebarluasan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh para peneliti dari dalam dan luar Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian terbit tiga kali dalam setahun, memuat tulisan hasil penelitian yang termasuk dalam lingkup disiplin ilmu pengetahuan yang terkait dengan Ilmu-ilmu Teknologi Pertanian guna menunjang pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi serta pembangunan nasional.
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Articles 578 Documents
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Bioremediation of Liquid Waste in Sanan Tempeh Industry and Its Unit Operation Planning (Study on Aeration Rate and Incubation Time) Wignyanto, Wignyanto; Hidayat, Nur; Ariningrum, Alfia
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol 10, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

This objective of the research was to design and implement Waste Water Treatment Unit for Sanan’s tempeh using bioremediation technique to produce free pollutant waste complying with standard environmental regulation for tempeh liquid waste before it is dumped into the waterways. This experiment is designed using Randomized Group Design. It consists of two factors which are, firstly, variation of aeration speed ( 1 vvm, 2 vvm, 3 vvm), secondly, variation of incubation time ( 0 days , 3 days, 7 days). It was shown that the best treatment, the combination of 3 vvm of aeration speed and 7 days of incubation time  capable to reduce up to 83.9 % of BOD; 73,1% of COD; 93.1% of TSS and 45.8 % of detergent. The value of BOD and COD has satisfactorily complied with standard environmental regulation for tempeh liquid waste, which is the value of TSS and detergent just nearly complying. The Treatment Unit designed for treating tempeh liquid waste of about 45 m3 /day in average is consists of pre-sediment tank with the capacity of 100 m3, 7 aeration tank with air compressor, final-sediment tank, controlled tank which has a capacity the same as pre-sediment tank and calcium-bicarbonate solution tank. The area for building Waste Water Treatment Unit is 1440 m2.Keywords: bioremediation, liquid waste, tempeh industry, waste water treatment unit.
Feasibility Analysis of Curcuma’s Effervescent Industry Sukardi, Sukardi; Puteri, Saptariyanti A.K.; Taryana, Asep
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol 10, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

There are more than 2,200 of 20,000 world’s total deposit of medical herbs found in Indonesia. Between 1994 and 1999, the medicinal herbs export value and volume increased 24.33% and 65.33% respectively. The value of world medical herbs trade increased around  25 billion dollars between 2000 and 2001. One of the potential herbs to be developed is Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) which is useful to keep the health of lever (hepatoprotector) and also cure other symptoms. This research is aimed to determine the feasibility of establishing the effervescent tablet industry made from temulawak extract. According to market and marketing analyses, the average market value for this product nationally is around Rp 17.84 billion. With production capacity of 1,368,000 tubes/year this product will gain approximately 15% of market value, which is around Rp 2.68 billion.  Each tube consists of 10 tablets at the price of Rp 19,572. Toll manufacturing system was chosen to increase efficiency and reduced the risk from marketing failure. This industry investment opportunity is required approximately Rp 10.5 billion investment. The analysis shows that with the equity between internal fund and bank loan of 50:50 resulted in internal rate of return of 35.66% which is higher than the predetermined minimum attractive rate of return of 20%, the net present value of Rp 14.47 billion, and the payback period of 4.41 year at the 10 year project cycle.  Sensitivity analysis includes variabel cost and projected revenue. Based on the entire project analysis, this industry is considered feasible to conduct.Keywords: temulawak, effervescent, analysis, feasibility
Application of Dry Colorant Containing Antioxidant from the Waste of Tea Processing for Hypoglicaemic Biscuit Substituted by Suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus) Flour Faidah, Nielma Nur; Estiasih, Teti
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol 10, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

The waste of tea extraction has high content of polyphenol.  This waste can be processed to be natural brown food colorant that contains antioxidant.  Foam mat drying is a suitable method for producing natural brown food colorant.  Application of this food dye can be used as colorant agent in hipoglycemic biscuit that does not cause the increase of glucose blood level after consumption.  Wheat flour in the making of the biscuit was subtituted by suweg flour.  The suweg flour had lower glycaemic index than wheat flour.  The combination of natural brown food colorant contained antioxidant and suweg flour subtitution is expected to give functional effect for hypoglycaemic biscuit to prevent the increase of glucose blood level and has antioxidant property.The research comprised of two steps.  First step was dry colorant preparation and the second was application of dry colorant for hypoglycaemic biscuit.  The randomized block design was employed for each step with two variabels for each.  Experiment one: the variables were maltodextrin concentration (6%, 18% b/v) and egg white concentration (1%, 4%, 7% b/v). Experiment two: the variables were dry colorant concentration (2.5%, 5% b/b) and suweg flour-to-wheat flour subtitution level (8%, 24%, 40% b/b).   In the second experiment, hypoglycaemic biscuit was tested to wistar rats for determining its effectiveness in reducing blood glucose level compared to control.The result showed that the addition of maltodextrin in dry colorant preparatiom significantly affected antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, color, solubility, and water vapor absorption.  The best treatment of dry colorant based on physical and chemical parameters was 18% of maltodextrin concentration and 1% of egg white addition.  The characteristics of this dry colorant were as followed: 37.78% of antioxidant activity, 24.12 ppm of total phenolic content, 51.4 of brightness level, 0.074 g/sec of solubility, 8.03% of  water vapor absorption.  Meanwhile, the addition of egg white significantly affected antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and color.  Subtitution of wheat flour by suweg flour significantly influenced biscuit color and reduced blood glucose level of rats.  The best treatment of hypoglycaemic biscuit based on physical, chemical, and bioassay parameters was obtained in 5% dry colorant addition and 10% suweg flour-to-wheat flour substitution level, with characteristics as followed: 35.95% of antioxidant activity, 3.8 ppm of  total penolic content, 44.4 of brightness level, 28 mg/dl of blood glucose level reduction.Keywords: the waste of tea extraction, dry colorant containing antioxidant, suweg flour, hipoglycaemic biscuit
The Development of Strategic Alliances on the Supply Chain of Apple Agroindustry Santoso, Imam
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol 10, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

Strategic alliances in supply chain, indeed, play a crucial factor supporting the succesfull of agroindustrial development.  The development of strategic alliances in apple agroindustry will be further explained in this paper.  The aims of this research were to identify the factor’s importance level that influenced the establisment of alliances, as well as to formulate the strategic priority to develop the strategic alliances on the supply chain of apple agroindustry. Non numeric fuzzy and analythical hierarchy process (AHP) were used to analyze the data.  Farmers, big sellers, retails, agroindustries, and distributors were involved in developing the supply chain of apple agroindustry.  The research results showed that the importance level of all factors were quite important for those actors, and relatively higher for that of the agorindustry compared to other actors.  The developemnt of the apple agroindustry’s supply chain was primary focused on the needs of long term commitment (0.49) in order to increase the volume and value of sales in the supply chain. Furthermore, the selected strategies were improving the marketing performance (37.8%), strengthening the capital of all actors (0.27%), and implementing both the system and technology in effective and effecient way (0.16).Keywords: apple agroindustry, strategic alliances, supply chain
Study on the Performance of Organic Planting Ribbon on the Paddy (Oryza sativa L) Growth and Rice Production Djojowasito, Gunomo; Pudjiono, Ekoyanto; Maides, Gusra
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol 10, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

The direct seedling method still has many obstacles i.e. 1) sensitive to kinetic energy of raindrop and irrigation, that it randomize the row of plant, 2) susceptible to rat and bird attack, 3) faster weed growth compare to the cultivated plants and 4) direct seedling machine results the random plant row spacing.  The objectives of this research were (1) to know the effect of organic planting ribbon made from enceng gondok and stem of banana on the growth and the yield of rice, (2) to test the effect of decayer fiber materials (urea and ZA) on the growth and the yield of rice. This research was used factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. The first factor was the type of  decayer fiber materials which consist of urea (U) and ZA (Z) and the second factor was organic planting ribbon composition, consisted of (K1) 0% stem of banana, 100% enceng gondok, (K2) 10% stem of banana, 90% enceng gondok, (K3) 20% stem of banana, 80% enceng gondok.  The result of this research showed that the composition of 80% enceng gondok, 20% stem of banana,  and 5 gram ZA resulted the best growth of rice (plant height) and yield of rice (number of panicle per hill and number of grain per panicle).  ZA was better decayer fibre materials compared to urea based on  the growth of rice (plant height and number of tiller per hill) and yield of rice (number of grain per panicle, percentage sheel of rice content (%), wet weight of  rice per panicle (g) and dry weight of rice per panicle (g).Keywords: rice, plant organic ribbon, enceng gondok, stem of banana
Implementation Fractal Theory to Determine Water Retention Curve on Entisol No Tillage Wirosoedarmo, Ruslan; Suharto, Bambang; Irawan, Cendra
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol 10, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

The analysis of soil characteristics are time consuming, cost highly, and the results are qualitative. Analysis of soil characteristics might be conducted through the fractal theory. Fractal description of soil based on the pore space and the distribution of particles is a useful way to make quantitative analysis of soil structure.D value is determined by a mathematical equation of the curve of water retention. The water retention curve is obtained from some values of D and then compared to the data from entisol soil analysis. The results are calculated based on the size and the mass class cumulative value obtained from fractal dimension (Dm) estimation of 1.87 ± 0.225.  The water retention curve models are obtained with a quite good value at D = 2.052.  There is a converse relationship between water content and water suction.  The greater water content, the less water suction, and vice versa.   This is shown in the regression linier model equation of y = 12744x2 - 8666x + 1239.6 with a determination coefficient R2 = 0.8252.  The value of water retention from the model is approximate the analytical data as shown in the linear regression from analysis of soil y = 12910x2 - 8751.9x + 1222 with determination coefficient R2 = 0.805.  The linear regression equation of the model is y = 12744x2 - 8666x + 1239.6 with a determination coefficient R2 = 0.8252.Key word: fractal theory, water retention, entisol soil
Low Temperature Crystallization for Vitamin E Concentrate Preparation from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate: Study on Solvent Type Ahmadi, Kgs.
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

Palm Fatti Acid Distillate (PFAD) is one source of natural vitamin E enrich with tocotrienol.  This research aimed to aplly low temperature solvent crystallyzation in vitamin E concentrate preparation from PFAD.  The advantage of this method is simple and low temperature use.  The crystallized PFAD fraction was unsaponifiable fraction from saponification process.  The elucidated factor was solvent type.  The result showed that PFASD contained vitamin E comprised of  tocopherol and ,  ,  tocotrienol and the major component was fatty acids.  The saponification process decreased free fatty acid content and increased vitamin E concentration.  The solvent type affected the characteristic of vitamin E concentrate including the concentration of vitamin E, antioxidant activity, free fatty acids content, and yield.  The most suitable solvent was hexane due to its non polar characteristic.Keywords: low temperature crystallization, vitamin E concentrate, palm fatty acid distillate
Detoxification of Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) by Mucor sp. Fermentation Sasongko, Pramono
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol 10, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

Dioscorea hispida Dennst. or gadung-yam is one of the tuber crops in Indonesia. Nevertheless, people are still unaware to consume gadung-yam and its derivative product, because of toxic compounds such as alkaloid and cyanide. Therefore, it is necessary to have a detoxification process to decrease the concentration of cyanide to have safe product of gadung-yam such as gadung flour. A detoxification can be carried out by a fermentation method, which accelerates the breakdown of cyanides. The fermentation will produce more volatile HCN in gadung flour which evaporate in drying process. The fermentation in this research used Mucor sp. The objective of this research was to obtain the optimum concentration of Mucor sp. and the the fermentation time to produce less cyanide gadung flour. The experimental design of the research was Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of mold with four levels, i.e. 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The second factor was the fermentation time with 3 levels i.e. 24, 48 and 72 jam. The data was analyzed using anova followed by LSD or DMRT test with  = 0.05.The results showed that there was significant interaction between the mold concentration and the fermentation time on starch, reducing sugar, total sugar, and fiber content.  However, there was no significant interaction between treatments on moisture and cyanide content. The best treatment was the combination of 5% mold and 72 hours fermentation.  The characteristic of this gadung-flour were 4.01% of moisture content, 21.74 ppm of cyanide content; 46.66% of starch content; 3.6% of fiber content; 17.00% of total sugar content; 9.52% reducing sugar content; L* colour of 60.97; a* of 13.27; b* of 18.45;  3.27% of higroscopicity, and starch gelatinization temperature of 83ºC.Keywords: gadung, detoxification, yams flour, fermentation, Mucor sp.
Study on Antioxidant Activity of Fermented Rice Bran and Skim Milk by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum J2 and Lactobacillus casei) Zubaidah, Elok; Aldina, Nawa; Nisa, Fithri Choirun
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

Rice bran is a by product from rice milling that contains more than 20% of dietary fiber, mostly composed of insoluble fibers. Rice bran also contains antioxidants in high level such as tocopherol, tocotrienol, oryzanol and phenolic. More than 1% of these phenolic antioxidants are covalent bounded with insoluble fibers in rice bran that lowers the bioavailability of phenolic. To increase the bioavailability of phenolic antioxidants, microorganisms such as LAB (probiotic) that can produce enzyme to degrade fibers are used.  In this research skimmed milk is also used to compare the antioxidant activity in milk based and rice bran based probiotic products.Randomized Block Design was used with 2 factors, type of substrats in 2 level (rice bran and skimmed milk) and type of isolates in 2 level (L. plantarum J2 and L. casei).  The resulted data then were analyzed using ANOVA (?=5%) and differential test BNT (?=5%).  The results of this experiment showed that indigenous probiotic isolate L. plantarum J2 was more effective to increase the antioxidant activity compared to L. casei in fermented rice bran.  It was because L. plantarum J2 could degrade fibers and increase bioavailability of phenolic antioksidant within 12 hours fermentation.  The best treatment was fermented rice bran media with indigenous isolate L. plantarum J2.  The best treatment had caharacteristics as followed: LAB total amount of 3.68.1011 cfu/ml, total acid of 1.053%, pH of 3.93, insoluble fiber content of 1.20%, total of phenolic cintent of 52.07 ppm, and antioxidant activity of 88.86%.Keywords: indigenous LAB isolate, rice bran, total phenolic, antioxidant actvity
The Extraction of Natural Liquid Red Colorant Containing Antioxidant from Rosella (Hibiscus sabdarrifa L) Calyx and Its Aplication in Food Products Isnaini, Lailatul
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

This experiment was aimed to determine the optimum proportion of rosella calyx : water and extraction temperature on the physicochemical characteristics including antioxidant activity of the pigment extract. Finally, the research was also aimed to determine the possibility to use roselle extract as food colorant in some products. This experiment consisted of two steps. The first step was extracting colorant of rosella calyx using factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was the proportion of rosella calyx and water consisted of three levels (1:3, 1:5, 1:7 (b/v)). The second factor was extraction temperature consisted of three levels (40°C, 50°C, 60°C). The combination of those treatments was conducted in triplicate. The second step was the application of rosella extract in certain type of food products (mangkuk cake, lapis cake, agar pudding, and syrup).    The result showed that the best treatment was obtained from the ratio of rosella calyx:water 1:3 (b/v) and extraction temperature 40°C. The treatment significantly affected 5%) the total acid content, pH, total anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, yield, color (L+, a*). The best treatment gave physical and chemical characteristic of the extract of rosella calyx as follow total anthocyanin content of 19.092 mg/100 ml, antioxidant activity of 53.68%, total acid of 1.26%, pH of 2.23, yield of 55.88%, lightness of 26.23, and redness of 32.88.  While the best treatment based on sensory evaluation of food product using rosella calyx as a colorant extract was agar pudding.Keywords: rosella calyx, antioxidant, natural liquid colorant, extraction

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