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Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences
ISSN : 23375760     EISSN : 23385510     DOI : https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences welcomes full research articles in the area of Mathematics and Natural Sciences from the following subject areas: Astronomy, Chemistry, Earth Sciences (Geodesy, Geology, Geophysics, Oceanography, Meteorology), Life Sciences (Agriculture, Biochemistry, Biology, Health, Medical, Pharmacy), Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics.
Articles 689 Documents
GIS Based Landslide Hazard Mapping Prediction in Ulu Klang, Malaysia Muhammad Mukhlisin; Ilyias Idris; Al Sharif Salazar; Khairul Nizam; Mohd Raihan Taha
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 42 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.sci.2010.42.2.7

Abstract

Since 1993, a number of landslides have been reported in Ulu Klang, Malaysia. These landslides caused fatalities and economic losses. Most of these landslides occurred in man-made slopes. Geographical Information System (GIS) is proposed to be used as the based machine for the production of landslide hazard map. This study highlights the area based landslide hazard assessment at Ulu Klang area using GIS application in order to help the engineer or the town planner to identify the most suitable development area besides predicting the potential landslide hazard area. Four main factors that influence of landslide occurrence were chosen include slope gradient aspect, geology, surface cover/land used and precipitation distribution. Landslide hazardous areas were analyzed and mapped using GIS application and produced a hazard map with five different indexes (i.e., very low, low, medium, high and very high hazard). The results of the analysis were verified using the landslide location data. The result showed that the model was very suitable in predicting landslide hazard and generating landslide hazard maps.
Locating-Chromatic Number of Amalgamation of Stars Asmiati Asmiati; H. Assiyatun; E. T. Baskoro
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 43 No. 1 (2011)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.sci.2011.43.1.1

Abstract

Let G be a connected graph and c a proper coloring of G . For i Æ’­1,2,Æ’»,k define the color class i C as the set of vertices receiving color i . The color code c (v) "ž¨ of a vertex v in G is the ordered k -tuple 1 ( ( , ), , ( , )) k d v C Æ’» d v C where ( , ) i d v C is the distance of v to i C . If all distinct vertices of G have distinct color codes, then c is called a locating-coloring of G . The locating-chromatic number of graph G , denoted by ( ) L ƒÓ G is the smallest k such that G has a locating coloring with k colors. In this paper we discuss the locating-chromatic number of amalgamation of stars k ,m S . k ,m S is obtained from k copies of star 1,m K by identifying a leaf from each star. We also determine a sufficient condition for a connected subgraph k ,m H "ž~ S satisfying , ( ) ( ) L L k m ƒÓ H "žT ƒÓ.
Doping Calcia and Yttria into Zirconia Obtained from by Product of Tin Concentrator to Improve its Ionic Conductivity Fitria Rahmawati; Bambang Prijamboedi; Syoni Soepriyanto; Ismunandar Ismu
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 43 No. 1 (2011)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.sci.2011.43.1.2

Abstract

Zirconia has been prepared from Zircon concentrate by caustic fusion methods. Zircon is a by product from tin ore concentration plant at Bangka island of Indonesia. Yttria Stabilized-Zirconia (YSZ) was prepared by introducing the 8 % mol yttrium oxide into zirconia and sintered at 1500 "žaC for 5 hours. In order to obtain constant oxygen vacancy of 8 % mol in Zirconia, an appropriate amount of Yttria and Calcia were introduced into Zirconia and the mixtures were heated at 1350 oC for 5 hours. Elemental composition was determined by SEM/EDX and XRF and lattice parameters were determined using X-ray diffraction method. Ionic conductivity was measured by complex impedance spectroscopy. The results show that doping of Yttria into Zirconia (YSZ) and Calcia-Yttria into Zirconia (CYZ) allows phase transformation of Zirconia from tetragonal with space group P42/nmc into cubic Fm3m and enhance the ionic conductivity. However, the prepared materials are porous and have not met the requirement for the electrolyte material yet.
On Tight Euclidean 6-Designs: An Experimental Result Djoko Suprianto
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 43 No. 1 (2011)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.sci.2011.43.1.3

Abstract

A finite set n X ⊆ ℝn with a weight function w: X → â„ > 0 is called Euclidean t-design in â„ > 0 (supported by p concentric spheres) if the following condition holds:           1 i p i  i i S x X w X f d w f S      x x  x x for any polynomial f(x) ∈ Polℝ > 0 of degree at most t. Here Si ℝn is a sphere of radius ri ≥ 0, Xi=X ∩ S, and σi(x) is an O(n) -invariant measure on Si such that |Si|=rin-1|Sn-1>|, with |Si| is the surface area of Si and |Sn-1|is a surface area of the unit sphere in ℝn. Recently, Bajnok [1] constructed tight Euclidean t-designs in the plane (n=2) for arbitrary t and p . In this paper we show that for case t=6 and p=2 , tight Euclidean 6-designs constructed by Bajnok is the unique configuration in ℜn, for 2 ≤ n ≤ 8.
Demethylation of Quinine Using Anhydrous Aluminium Trichloride Aiyi Asnawi; As'ari Nawawi; Rahmana Emran Kartasasmita; Slamet Ibrahim
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 43 No. 1 (2011)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.sci.2011.43.1.4

Abstract

Quinine is a natural alkaloid having a methoxy group bound to quinoline ring and an allyl group bound to quinuclidine ring. Demethylation of quinine applying strong acid such as HBr or HI at high temperature was unsuccessful. The aim of this research was to obtain demethylated quinine by means of mild and selective demethylation procedure to prevent the addition reaction of allyl group. Selective demethylation of quinine has been carried out using anhydrous aluminium trichloride as reagent. The demethylation product was achieved in 68.12% yield by mole ratio of quinine to anhydrous aluminium trichloride of 1 to 4 in dried methylene chloride under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was firstly carried out at 0°C for 4 h and after the reaction mixture reached room temperature, the reaction was continued up to 24 h.
Existence and Uniqueness Results for Difference Φ-Laplacian Boundary Value Problems K. L. Bondar; V. C. Borkar; S. T. Patil
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 43 No. 1 (2011)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.sci.2011.43.1.5

Abstract

This paper is devoted to study the existence and uniqueness of solutions to nonlinear difference Φ-Laplacian boundary value problems with mixed and Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Hierarchically Porous ZSM-5 Synthesized by Nonionic- and Cationic-Templating Routes and Their Catalytic Activity in Liquid-Phase Esterification Rino R. Mukti; Y. Kamimura; W. Chaikittisilp; H. Hirahara; A. Shimojima; M. Ogura; K. K. Cheralathan; S. P. Elangovan; K. Itabashi; T. Okubo
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 43 No. 1 (2011)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.sci.2011.43.1.6

Abstract

Hierarchically porous MFI zeolites (ZSM-5) have been synthesized by hydrothermal treatment in the presence of trialkoxysilylated-derivatives of nonionic poly(oxyethylene) alkyl ether or alkyl quaternary ammonium cation as mesopore-generating agent, along with tetrapropylammonium cation as zeolite structure-directing agent. Powder X-ray diffraction revealed that zeolites have been crystallized, and scanning electron microscopy showed rugged surface morphology that was quite different from conventional ZSM-5. The mesoporosity was confirmed by nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement showing type IV isotherms with narrow distribution of mesopore diameters. The catalytic activity of these mesoporous ZSM-5 was tested in liquid-phase esterification of benzyl alcohol with hexanoic acid. The conversion of benzyl alcohol on mesoporous ZSM-5 prepared via cationic-templating route was almost 100%, being much higher than on mesoporous ZSM-5 prepared with silylated nonionic surfactant as well as on conventional ZSM-5 with no mesopores. The presence of Brønsted acid sites, together with the mesopores, was responsible for this catalytic conversion, as confirmed by pyridine adsorption monitored by in situ infrared and 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Trajectory Following Method on Output Regulation of Affine Nonlinear Control Systems with Relative Degree not Well Defined Janson Naiborhu
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 43 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.sci.2011.43.2.1

Abstract

The problem of output regulation of affine nonlinear systems with the relative degree not well defined by modified steepest descent control is studied. The modified steepest descent control is a dynamic feedback control which is generated by the trajectory following method. By assuming the system is minimum phase, output of the system can be regulated globally asymptotically.
Production of Ethanol from Cocoa Pod Hydrolysate Othman Abd Samah; Salihan Sias; Yeap Geok Hua; Nurul Nadiah Hussin
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 43 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.sci.2011.43.2.2

Abstract

Cocoa pod (Theobroma cacao L.) hydrolysate was hydrolyzed into glucose using hydrochloric, sulphuric and nitric acids, respectively. The concentration of each acid was set at 0.25 M, 0.50 M, 0.75 M, 1.00 M and 1.25 M. They were treated under two different temperatures and time at 75¢ªC and 90¢ªC for 2 h and 4 h, respectively. The results showed that hydrolysis in 1.00 M of hydrochloric acid at 75¢ªC for 4 h had produced the highest glucose content of 30.7% w/v compared to all others acids treated under similar conditions. The pod¡¯s hydolysate was then fermented in batch culture using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 48 h at 30¢ªC. A maximum ethanol production of 17.3%v/v was achieved after 26 h of fermentation time.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Platencin Derivatives Dennis C. J.Waalboer; Floris P. J.T. Rutjes
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 43 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.sci.2011.43.2.3

Abstract

The biological mode of action of platencin, a potential lead molecule for a new class of antibiotics, is detailed. Furthermore, enantiopure syntheses of several platencin derivatives are described, of which the core structure can be accessed in two exceedingly simple steps from commercially available starting materials. Furthermore, the antibiotic properties of the derivatives was evaluated.

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