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INDONESIA
Jurnal Arbitrer
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 23391162     EISSN : 25501011     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
ARBITRER Jurnal Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia, merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang menyajikan artikel orisinil tentang pengetahuan dan informasi penelitian atau aplikasi penelitian dan pengembangan terkini dalam bidang ilmu bahasa (linguistik). Jurnal ini merupakan sarana publikasi dan ajang berbagi informasi keilmuan terkait dan pengembangannya di bidang humaniora khususnya linguistic, yang diterbitkan oleh program studi Linguistik Unand. Pemuatan artikel di jurnal ini dialamatkan ke alamat editor. Informasi lengkap untuk pemuatan artikel dan petunjuk penulisan artikel tersedia di dalam setiap terbitan. Artikel yang diterbitkan telah melalui proses seleksi oleh editior dan reviewer. Jurnal ini terbit secara berkala sebanyak dua kali dalam setahun (April dan Oktober). Artikel yang lolos seleksi akan dipungut biaya guna keberlanjutan jurnal, sedangkan pengiriman naskah tidak dipungut biaya. Diharapkan ARBITRER Jurnal Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia cabang Universitas Andalas dengan tampilan baru ini akan terbit berkelanjutan dan terakreditasi.
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Articles 324 Documents
From Basic to Independent: Refining an Error Taxonomy for Dutch Word Order from Indonesian Learners at Three Proficiency Levels Riska Risdiani; Untung Yuwono; Sisilia Setiawati Halimi; Sonya Puspasari Suganda
Jurnal Arbitrer Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ar.13.3.325-338.2026

Abstract

Word order errors are one of the most prominent issues in learning Dutch as a foreign language. This is particularly the case for learners whose first language is Indonesian, which has a very different syntactic structure. However, Indonesian learners are rarely the subject of research, and existing error taxonomies classify word order into a single, undifferentiated general category. This study examines the acquisition of Dutch word order among 30 Indonesian learners at CEFR levels A1-B1 who were divided into four groups and took tests at the end of three program phases. This corpus consists of 13,810 words and 3,251 coded clauses. Data were then extracted from 1,300 predefined contexts, including declarative inversion, questions, and subordinate clauses. This study has two main objectives: (1) to describe differences of learners’ word order patterns in clauses with inversion and in subordinate clauses over time, and (2) to evaluate the adequacy of existing taxonomy in capturing the specific error types that occur among Indonesian L1 learners and to refine the taxonomy accordingly. One coder coded all contexts and the intra-coder agreement for a stratified sample of 274 recoded contexts yielded a weighted κ value of 0.85 (bootstrap 95% CI 0.71–0.97). Word order errors were rare (62 of 1,300 contexts, 4.8%). The existing word order category, which emphasizes verb clusters, accounted for only 4 of the 62 errors; 56 errors concerned the position of the finite-verb in main and subordinate clauses; and 2 errors concerned the order of other elements. The refined taxonomy included three subcodes (verb-second order in main clauses, the position of the conjugated verb in the subordinate clauses, and verb clusters with combined middle-position order). No significance tests were run because errors were few and clustered within learners. Teaching and feedback can therefore treat finite-verb position separately from verb clusters.
The Diversity of Sound Realizations of the Wakatobi Language in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Maulid Taembo; Sri Rahayu; Ersa Alami
Jurnal Arbitrer Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ar.13.3.339-355.2026

Abstract

The sounds of the Wakatobi language are still a topic of discussion among language observers and researchers. This study aims to investigate the diversity of sound realizations of the Wakatobi Language. The study uses a theory of generative phonology in generative dialectology. The data collection was done through the interview method and recorded using phonetic transcription. This study was conducted at 25 observation points with 50 informants. It was analyzed using apportioned and interlingua-equal methods. The analyzed data were compared with existing references regarding Wakatobi phonology and were validated through methodological triangulation, involving the verification of data accuracy with informants and consultation with a dialectology expert. The novelty of this research lies in its description and analysis of the diversity of sound realizations observed across the geographical distribution of the Wakatobi language speakers, an aspect that has not been fully explored in previous studies. The results shows that the Wakatobi language has 14 vocoids (vowel segmental sounds). Tense vowel sounds [o] and [e] usually occur after contoid [p], [mp], [b], [mb], [ɓ], [β], [ф], [υ], and [m], while lax vowel sounds [ɔ] and [ɛ] usually existed after all contoids, except bilabial and labiodental sounds. Vowel sound variations in the Wakatobi language are caused by linguistic factors or the language environment. This shows that all variations of vowel sounds are found on every island or observation area in Wakatobi. Besides, the Wakatobi language has several consonant sounds, including implosives [ɓ], [ɗ], [ɠ], and [ʃ], as well as fricatives [β], [υ], and [ф]. In contrast to vowel variations, a diversity of consonant sounds are found on different islands or observation areas in Wakatobi Regency. This shows that the diversity of consonant sounds is not due to linguistic factors or the word’s environment. The results of the study can provide a clear picture of the diversity of sound realizations of Wakatobi, which is still a matter of debate both by the Wakatobi community itself and language observers or researchers. The study can also serve as a reference and consideration for the government in developing local language teaching materials for schools, particularly in Wakatobi Regency. The findings also contribute to the advancement of dialectology, particularly regarding the application of its theories to the analysis of local languages ​​in remote areas. From an academic perspective, the results can be utilized to develop teaching materials for regional languages ​​and serve as a reference for future research.
Creating Emotional Connections: The Role of Metaphors in Obama’s 2024 Democratic National Convention Speech Nozimjon Bobojon o‘g‘li Ataboev; Bahor Bahriddinovna Turaeva; Zokirova Sokhiba Mukhtoraliyevna; Sabirova Zebo Zokirovna; Xolmatova Elnura Sherali Qizi; Zahriddin Xazratqul o’g’li Hayitqulov
Jurnal Arbitrer Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ar.13.3.289-307.2026

Abstract

Metaphors in high-stakes political discourse serve as essential cognitive frameworks that shape public perception, evoke shared cultural conceptualizations, and mediate complex institutional transitions. This study investigates how Barack Obama strategically deploys conceptual metaphors in his 2024 Democratic National Convention address to establish emotional resonance with voters, reframe partisan competition, and facilitate surrogate endorsement and charisma transfer to Vice President Kamala Harris. Applying a mixed qualitative and quantitative discourse-analytic design, the study analyzes Obama’s 3,542-word verbatim address through the combined lenses of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Sharifian’s Cultural Linguistics framework, and Critical Discourse Analysis, utilizing the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP/MIPAR). The analysis identified 23 metaphor tokens across 18 distinct conceptual metaphor types, yielding a density of 6.49 metaphors per 1,000 words and a high type-token ratio of 78.3%. Four primary functional themes emerged: delegitimizing the political opposition (34.78%), promoting unity and community solidarity (30.43%), inspiring collective hope and optimism (26.09%), and honoring legacy and intergenerational leadership transition (8.70%). Rather than escalating apocalyptic fear, the rhetoric operationalizes a novel strategy of domestic demotion, trivially reframing political demagoguery as low-status domestic nuisances, while deploying structural relay tropes to dignify candidate succession and confer historical legitimacy onto the new nominee. The findings demonstrate that political persuasion benefits from substituting polarizing fear appeals with paired domestic counter-metaphors and culturally grounded schemas, proving that effective leadership communication relies on aligning cognitive frames with shared cultural values to foster sustainable civic engagement and national cohesion.
Designing a Human–AI Collaborative Blended Learning Framework for EFL Speaking Development Akhmedova Mehrinigor Bahodirovna; Karimjonova Shakhlo Ravshanjonovna; Muhammadjon Zokirjon o‘g‘li Solijonov; Aziza Akhmedova Komilovna; Po’latova Irodakhon Ilxomjon qizi; Jurayeva Nargiza Jamolidinovna
Jurnal Arbitrer Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ar.13.3.374-389.2026

Abstract

While artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as conversational chatbots and speech recognition systems are increasingly adopted in language education, existing research focuses predominantly on isolated tools rather than integrated instructional models. This study proposes and evaluates a Human–AI Collaborative Blended Learning Framework for the development of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) speaking skills. Using a two-phase research design, the study first synthesizes contemporary literature to establish a 7-layer conceptual framework that connects stakeholder participation, learner profiling, a Human–AI collaboration engine, blended activities, adaptive speaking services, teacher facilitation, and continuous learning analytics. Second, the framework was evaluated through an expert validation survey involving 52 specialists in language education, applied linguistics, and educational technology (40.4% PhDs, 57.7% Master’s). Quantitative findings revealed strong endorsement for actionable teacher support dashboards (80.8% agreement), visual pronunciation feedback (78.8%), and private AI speaking practice for anxiety reduction (75.0%; M = 2.98/4.00). However, experts expressed reservations regarding automated prompts for language elaboration (53.8% agreement), fixed 14-meeting schedules (57.7%), and automated grading weights (57.7%). Qualitative analysis highlighted that acceptance remains conditional upon accent fairness, data privacy, and active teacher oversight. Implications: Theoretically, the study advances AI-assisted language learning by establishing a human-centered collaborative model that prioritizes teacher-AI shared regulation over technological substitution. Pedagogically and practically, the findings imply that institutions and EdTech developers should deploy AI primarily for scalable, low-stakes rehearsal and actionable lesson planning, while preserving teacher authority over social communication, pragmatic competence, and high-stakes assessment.