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Jurnal Solum

solum
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Published by Universitas Andalas

ISSN : 18297994 EISSN : 02560835 DOI : https://doi.org/10.2057/jsolum

Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

Focuses and scopes of Jurnal Solum is to publishes all aspects in the original research of soil science or review covering: Soil physic and soil conservation, Soil mineralogy, Soil chemistry and soil fertility, Soil biology and soil biochemical, Soil genesis and classification, Land survey and land evaluation, Land development and management environmental.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Tanah

Articles 173 Documents

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PENILAIN KETIDAKPASTIAN DATA MODEL PERUBAHAN IKLIM DENGAN METODE CDFDM DI WILAYAH SUMATERA BARAT Sugeng Nugroho; Rudi Febriamansyah; Robi Muharsyah
Jurnal Solum Vol 14, No 2 (2017): JURNAL SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Dampak perubahan iklim yang terjadi pada suatu wilayah sangat tergantung sensitivitas faktor lokal dalam merespon perubahan iklim global yang terjadi, sehingga sangat penting untuk melakukan koreksi data perubahan iklim global dengan data observasi di lokasi. CDFDM merupakan salah satu metode koreksi bias yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan koreksi tersebut. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ketidakpastian (uncertainty) data curah hujan, suhu maksimum dan suhu minimum hasil downscaling dari lima model GCMs, yaitu MIROC-ESM, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, MPI-ESM-MR, MPI-ESM-LR dan MRI-CGCM3 di wilayah Sumatera Barat. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari dua kelompok utama: data model GCMs dan observasi. Data observasi bersumber dari stasiun pengamatan BMKG Sumatera Barat dalam periode waktu 1981-2015. Untuk mengetahui ketidakpastian antara dua kelompok data digunakan metode PBIAS, MAE dan RMSE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CDFDM dapat mengurangi terjadinya bias antara data GCMs dan data Observasi ditunjukan dengan nilai bias yang lebih kecil. Namun besarnya kesalahan (magnitude error) tetap tidak dapat terkoreksi, ditunjukan oleh nilai RMSE dan MAE yang lebih besar setelah dilakukan koreksi. Dari kelima model telihat bahwa model MPI-ESM-LR dan MPI-ESM-MR memiliki performa terbaik dalam memproyeksikan data curah hujan dan suhu udara minimum. Sedangkan untuk suhu udara maksimum, selain kedua model tersebut model MIROC-ESM dan MIROC-ESM-CHEM, juga mempunyai tingkat performa yang hampir sama, baik di wilayah dataran rendah maupun dataran tinggi Sumatera Barat pada periode data tersebutKata kunci : uncertainty, GCMs, bias koreksi, CDFDM, Sumatera Barat

LAJU DEKOMPOSISI SPESIES TANAMAN PENGAKUMULASI KALSIUM (CA) TINGGI DAN RENDAH DI DAERAH HUTAN HUJAN TROPIS SUPER BASAH PADANG SUMATRA BARAT Hermansah Hermansah; Burhanudin Burhanudin; Sri Muhara
Jurnal Solum Vol 7, No 2 (2010): JURNAL SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Study on decomposition rate of accumulating and excluder tree species of calsium (Ca) was conducted in a super wet tropical rain forest in Gadut Mountain Padang West Sumatra. The purposes of the study were : (1) to understand the rate of decomposition of biomass of Ca accumulating and excluder tree species, (2) to understand the effect of slope position (ridge, midle and lower slope) on decomposition rate within the study plot and (3) to understand the amount of nutrient release to soil ecosystem within certain period. The result of this study showed that the higher decompoisition rate among two species was Eugenia sp, as Ca accumlating tree species which grew at lower slope. Six months after decomposition, 1 ton dry biomass of Eugenia sp contributed 6,8 kg N, 0,4 kg P, 4,12 kg K, 38,76 kg Ca, and 2,1 kg Mg in to the soil. This amount might keep an equilibrium of soil nutreint balance to support the forest ecosystem. However, for one ton dry mass of Lithocarpus korthalsii sp as Ca exluder tree species, after 6 months decomposition, contributed 9,4 kg N, 1,1 kg P, 4,61 kg K, 3,76 kg Ca and 0,54 kg Mg. This indicates that Ca acumulating tree species contributed more Ca compared to Ca excluder tree species in this forest ecosystem. Keywords: Accumulating tree sp., exluder tree sp., decomposition rate, super wet and tropical rain forest.

IDENTIFIKASI SPORA CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR (CMA) PADA BERBAGAI RHIZOSFIR PISANG DI LAHAN ENDEMIK Eti Farda Husin; Eri Sulyanti; Adrinal Adrinal; Yefriwati Yefriwati
Jurnal Solum Vol 5, No 2 (2008): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Banana is one of fruit commodity having been widely cultivated by people and has high potency for agribusiness. However, there are some constraints for the cultivation, such as soil fertility and disease attack. Nowadays, tne main disease causing low banana production in West Sumatra is wilt due to Fusarium. One way being developed to improve banana production in endemic land is by using bioagent. This research was aimed to identify spores of mycorrizhae in several endemic land. The result showed that there were various types of MVA found in tested locations (Agam, Solok, and Padang Pariaman regencies). Glomus was one genus that was always found in each location. Therefore, the glomus sp was quite potential to explore and and proliferation as a good innoculant to improve growth of banana plant. The highest amount of MVA sport found in Padang Pariaman regency (especially in Pasar Usang area) was 195/20 g soil (Glomus), then followed by Acaulospora (121 spora/20 g soil) and Gigaspora (65 spora/20 g soil).Key Words: Banana, Fusarium, Wilt, Bioagent, MVA

APLIKASI UNSUR MIKRO PADA PADISAWAH INTENSIFIKASI YANG DIBERI PUPUK ORGANIK TITONIA PLUS PADA METODE SRI Nalwida Rozen; Nurhajati Hakim; Gusnidar Gusnidar
Jurnal Solum Vol 14, No 1 (2017): JURNAL SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Penggunaan pupuk sintetik merupakan faktor penentu produksi terbesar, tetapi harganya makin mahal, sehingga menjadi masalah nasional. Oleh karenanya, pupuk alternatif harus ditemukan, salah satunya adalah POTP. Pupuk organik titonia plus (POTP) dapat mengurangi aplikasi pupuk sintetik hingga 50% dalam meningkatkan hasil padi pada sawah bukaan baru di Dharmasraya, serta sawah intensifikasi di Padang, Solok, dan di Tanah Datar. Akan tetapi, hasil padi pada sawah intensifikasi dengan POTP tersebut masih sekitar 6 ton/ha, pada hal hasil optimal yang diharapkan dengan POTP sekitar 8 ton/ha. Hal itu diduga akibat adanya gejala kekurangan unsur hara mikro. Unsur hara mikro apa yang diperlukan dalam pembuatan POTP belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: untuk melengkapi formula POTP dengan unsur hara mikro untuk mengurangi aplikasi pupuk sintetik hingga 50% pada sawah intensifikasi dengan target hasil gabah sekitar 8 ton/ha. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya didapatkan 3 kombinasi Mn dan Zn yang ditambahkan dalam pembuatan POTP. Tiga formula POTP tersebut telah diteliti di lapangan pada dua lokasi sawah intensifikasi di kota Padang. Hasilnya formula POTP+3,0kgMn/ha+0kgZn/ha dan POTP+3,0kgMn/ha+3,0kgZn/ha dan POTP+4,5kgMn+6kgZn dapat diaplikasikan ke sawah, untuk diuji multi lokasi di kabupaten Solok dan Tanah Datar. Perlakuan yang dilakukan pada dua lokasi tersebut adalah POTP+3,0kgMn/ha+0kgZn/ha, POTP+3,0kgMn/ha+3,0kgZn/ha, POTP+4,5kgMn+6kgZn, POTP saja, dan 100% pupuk sinntetik. Rancangan yang digunakan berupa rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 kelompok. Hasil terbaik yang telah dilakukan pada sawah intensifikasi di Kabupaten Tanah Datar dan Solok adalah formula POTP+3kgMn/ha+3kgZn/ha serta POTP+3kgMn/ha+3kgZn/ha. Penambahan unsur mikro memberikan peningkatan hasil sebanyak 3,8 15%. Kata kunci: padi, unsur hara mikro, dan POTP

PENGARUH BERBAGAI EKSTRAK AKAR DALAM STIMULASI INFEKSI CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (CMA) PADA Tithonia diversifolia Agustian Agustian; Arwie Delfi; Lusi Maira
Jurnal Solum Vol 9, No 1 (2012): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

In the first stage of arbuscular-mycorrhiza (AMF) fungi development on plant roots showed that root exudates, is a substance that determines the success of the establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis. This secondary metabolites produced is intended to keep mold growth during the phase preinfection. Therefore, it is interesting to know whether to add the root extract of the plant could enhance CMA fungal infection in its host plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of root extract can stimulate CMA infection at the root and its influence on the growth of Tithonia diversifolia. This experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, and continued with advanced test DNMRT at level 5%. The treatments assayed were: control, Tris-HCl buffer pH 7 (A), root extract of weed Imperata cylindrica (B); root extract of taro (C), and root extract of cassava (D). Base on the results obtained we concluded that the extract of the roots of weeds, taro and cassava does not give effect to the increased growth of Tithonia. However, the roots extract stimulated and had influenced on the percentage and intensity of AMF infection at the root of Tithonia and the number of spores obtained in the rhizosphere of Tithonia. In this case the root extract of taro showed the best stimulatory effect of infection with the percentage and intensity of infection are 99.3% and 30.59% consecutively with the number of spores found reach 113 spores/ 100 g soil.Key words: Stimulation, arbuscular-mycorrhiza, root extract, Tithonia diversifolia

STUDI ADAPTASI DAN KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN CENDANA (SANTALUM ALBUM L) PADA UMUR 11 TAHUN DI WATUSIPAT KABUPATEN GUNUNG KIDUL Yayan Hidayan; Yuliah Yuliah
Jurnal Solum Vol 14, No 2 (2017): JURNAL SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Sandalwood (Santalum album L) is a high-value economic tree species that is increasingly threatened and rare in the its natural distribution area. Efforts to save these species through ex-situ conservation have been done by various parties. One of the conservation activities was carried out by BBP-BPTH in 2005 by collecting genetic material from several natural populations at NTT Province. The purpose of this study is to see the growth performance of Cendana plants from 4 provenance of the age of 11 years in Gunung Kidul Regency. Measurements were performed on the total height variable of the tree, the height of the bole length and the stem diameter. The result of data analysis shows that there is significantly different from the population tested for the variable height of tree and the diameter of the stem, while for the bole length is not. The best performance of growth are from the Rote provenance (height is 6.07 m and diameter of stem is 5.08 cm). As for the best adaptation ability is from Rote (92.19%).Key words : Adaptability, conservation, growth, sandalwood

PERUBAHAN HARA DAN MIKROORGANISME PADA ULTISOL AKIBAT KASCING YANG BERBEDA Oktanis Emalinda; Eti Farda Husin; Dina Puspita Rini
Jurnal Solum Vol 2, No 2 (2005): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

This research was conducted in Soil Drying Room at Faculty of Agriculture Andalas University. Analysed in Soil Biology, Soil Chemic and Plant test and Disease Laboratories from August 2006 to February 2007. Aim of this research is to know the effect of substrate of vermicompost on population of soil microorganism on Ultisol. This experiment were designed on Complete Randomized Block Design in three treatment and three replicate. The treatment were different substrate of vermicompost, consisted of : without vermicompost, 10 ton/ha vermicompost with rice strow substrate and, 10 ton/ha vermicompost with dust wood. The result was showed, that vermicompost with rice strow could increase the growth rate of microorganism 320,14 % of fungi and 123,3 % bacteri. Used that this vermicompost can also increase soil nutritions (0,22 %, variable P 0,7 %; K-dd 0,04 me/100 g, Ca-dd 0,13 me/100 g and Mg-dd 0,08 me/100. Key word : vermicompost

PREDIKSI EROSI DAN SEDIMENTASI PADA BERBAGAI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI SUB DAS MASANG BAGIAN HULU DI KABUPATEN AGAM Aprisal Aprisal
Jurnal Solum Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Erosion and sedimentation prediction in sub-watershed Masang was conducted to predict amount of soil eroded and sedimented from several land use in the location, and to find out alternative land use that can suppress erosion to be equal to or less than tolerated erosion as well. Methods employed to do this research were 1) analysis of basic data (topography map, land use map, and secondary data such as rainfall data from the nearest meteorology station), 2) soil survey and identification to field, 3) soil analyses at laboratorium, and 4) data analyses using USLE erosion model and sediment delivery ratio (SDR). The results showed that amount of soil eroded from all land use except from forest was higher than tolerated erosion. Among the types of land use were mixed garden, housing, plantation, and bush. Higher erosion than tolerated erosion was probably due to low plant density, big percentage of uncover land, therefore, raindrops became easier to hit soil and then disperse the aggregates. As a consequence, erosion and sedimentation became bigger. Soil eroded could be minimized into the same or less than tolerated erosion by implementing conservation agroecotechnology by reducing crop coefficient value (into 0.001) through increasing plant density and changing bush land into garden or plantation. For housing area, the area should be planted by perennial crops, should be provided by terraces to ditches to pass runoff. Soil sedimentl was calculated to be higher from garden and bush, but by implementing agroecotechnology conservation sediment can be controlled.Keywords: erosion, sedimentation, watershed

EFEK SISA ASAM HUMAT DARI KOMPOS ALANG-ALANG DAN PENGELOLAAN AIR DALAM MENGURANGI KELARUTAN BESI (FE) PADA TANAH SAWAH BUKAAN BARU Herviyanti Herviyanti; Gusnidar Gusnidar; Rina Alfina
Jurnal Solum Vol 4, No 2 (2007): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

The research about residue effect of humic acid from imperata compost and water management to decrease the dissolved of iron (fe) on recently used ricefield had been conducted from march till august 2007. The objective is to study residue effect of humic acidity aplication and water management to controlling Fe and to increase rice production on recently used ricefield. The experiment using design factorial 2 x 4 with three replication wich is place as the split plot. The major factor is water management consisted of two treatment, thos were continously flooded (P1) and flooded and dried (intermittence) with two week interval (P2). The minor factor are four level from residue effect of humic acid (0, 200, 400, 600 ppm). The result of this study can provided the information that residue effect of humic acid at 600 ppm can reduce solubility of Fe2+ from 327,91 to 37,53 ppm for continously flooded and from 173,51 to 38,13 ppm for intermitten flooded. And the yield of rice (dry weight of 1000 grain ad straw) increase as much as 4,9 and 5,38 g with residue effect of humic acid at 600 ppm combination with intermittence flooded.Key word : humic acid, iron, recently used ricefield, intermittence, flooded.

PERTUMBUHAN PADI GOGO DI MEDIUM ULTISOL DENGAN PEMBERIAN CAMPURAN FOSFAT ALAM DAN COCOPEAT PADA DUA KONDISI KADAR AIR Pedri Antoro; Nelvia Nelvia
Jurnal Solum Vol 15, No 2 (2018): JURNAL SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

The main problem of upland rice cultivation in Ultisol are fixation of P, solubility and saturation of Al are the height and water content is low. The research aim to study the effect of interaction of application of mixture of cocopeat with rock phosphate (RP) on growth of upland rice in Ultisols medium at two water content condition. The research was conducted at the Green House of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau, Pekanbaru from February to July 2017. This research in form factorial experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design. The first factor was mixture of RP with cocopeat consist of 7 levels (0, 30, 45 and 60 kg P2O5/ha each dose + cocopeat dose 10 tons/ha and 30, 45 and 60 kg P2O5/ha without cocopeat). The second factor was water content consists of 2 levels (field capacity and 25% under field capacity), each combination repeated 3 times. The results show the application of rock phosphate dose of 30 kg P2O5/ha + 10 tons cocopeat/ha or without cocopeat increased the growth of upland rice include plant high, number of maximum tiller and productive tiller and dry weight of straw compared to without RP both on the field capacity and 25% below field capacity condition, the increasing of RP dose to 45-60 kg P2O5/ha tended to increase each parameter.Key words : rock phosphate, water content, cocopeat, upland rice.

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Agustian

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agustian@agr.unand.ac.id

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Gedung Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas Kampus Unand LIMAU MANIS PADANG 25163

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