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Jurnal Solum

solum
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Published by Universitas Andalas

ISSN : 18297994 EISSN : 02560835 DOI : https://doi.org/10.2057/jsolum

Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

Focuses and scopes of Jurnal Solum is to publishes all aspects in the original research of soil science or review covering: Soil physic and soil conservation, Soil mineralogy, Soil chemistry and soil fertility, Soil biology and soil biochemical, Soil genesis and classification, Land survey and land evaluation, Land development and management environmental.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Tanah

Articles 173 Documents

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PENGARUH TANAMAN PENUTUP TANAH DAN BERBAGAI UMUR TANAMAN SAWIT TERHADAP KESUBURAN TANAH ULTISOL DI KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA Syafrimen Yasin; Irwan Darfis; Ade Candra
Jurnal Solum Vol 3, No 1 (2006): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

This research was aimed to evaluate fertility level of soils under different oil palm ages and the management system. This was needed to determine when oil palm and the cover crops could give the best performance in protecting soil fertility level. Lan use types studied were divided into six groups. Those were A = palm oil plantation having cover crops at 3 years old, B = palm oil plantation having cover crops at 6 years old, C = palm oil plantation without having cover crops at 6 years old, D = palm oil plantation having cover crops at 8 years old, E = palm oil plantation without having cover crops at 8 years old, F = forest ecosystem. The result showed that based on the soil bulk volume (BV) and the soil organic matter content, deforestration for oil palm plantation did not significantly decrease soil fertility status. Soil fertility level under palm oil plantation having cover crops was better than that under palm oil plantation having no cover crops. The highest soil fertility level among the land use tested was found under palm oil plantation having cover crops at six ears old. This was proved by OC content (2.21%), N, P, K content (0.12 %, 23.92 ppm dan 0.325 me/100 g, respectively) which were comparable those of forest land use. Forest had OC = 2.31 %, N = 0.11 %, P = 17.86 ppm, and K = dan 0,33 me/100 g. While, on the other hand, the bulk volume was 1.01 g/cm3 which was lower than that under other oil palm plantation. Key Words: Tanaman Penutup Tanah, Kesuburan Tanah, Kelapa Sawit

PERBAIKAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA TANAH PSAMMENT DENGAN PEMULSAAN ORGANIK DAN OLAH TANAH KONSERVASI PADA BUDIDAYA JAGUNG Adrinal Adrinal; Amrizal Saidi; Gusmini Gusmini
Jurnal Solum Vol 9, No 1 (2012): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

A research about amelioration of psycho-chemical of Psamment by using organic mulch and techniques of conservation tillage on corn growth had been conducted in 2009. Field experiment was located in Korong Olo Bangau, Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman Regency. The general objective of the research was to improve fertility of Psamment and to find out the best tillage practice for corn growth based on soil and water conservation rules. The treatment consisted of two factors (3 x 5) which was designed in RBD. The first factor was tillage (No till, Minimum till, convensional till) and the second factor was mulch source (without mulch, Tithonia, Chromolaena, rice straw, and corn straw). Parameters analysed were either soil physical (moisture, BD, total pore, aggregation) or chemical (pH, N, P, and K) properties, as well as crop production. The result showed that both treatments were able to improve soil-physico-chemical properties of Psamment and corn yield. The value of BD decreased, soil organic mattere, total pore, and aggregation increased. Then, the soil pH as well as available P and K tended to increase. The highest yield (dry seeds) was found from combination between minimum tillage and tithonia mulch.Keywords: sifat fisiko-kimia, Psamment, mulksa, olah tanah konservasi, jagung.

KAJIAN LONGSOR AKIBAT GEMPA DI NAGARI TANDIKEK KECAMATAN PARTAMUAN KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN SUMATERA BARAT, INDONESIA Amrizal Saidi; Isril Berd; R Har
Jurnal Solum Vol 8, No 2 (2011): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Earthquacke on 30th of September 2009 in West Sumatra had ruined Padang Pariaman, Agam, and Padang city districts. The damage was not only caused by the earthquake itself but also due to the landsliding following the earthquake, such as in Tandikek. Hundreds of people, houses, buildings, schools, as well as agricultural land (ricefield and dryland farming) were burried in Lubuk Laweh, Kepala Koto and Cumanak. This research was conducted by employing survey method and by observing the phenomenon of tuff pumice on how it was affected by earthquake and water. Then, soil characteristics were analysed based on soil physical data from previous research. Several soil characteristics analysed were soil texture, bulk density, structure and depth of solum, organic matter content, and permeability. Land characteristics were determined through field visit. Some land condition being observed was slope (percentage and length), stone exposed, soil water depth, and land use. Additionally, besides from field visit, the data were also obtained from topography and morphology maps derived from Google Earth. Rainfall data (monthly and annually) were collected from several nearby meteorology stations. Analyses for degree of landsliding risks for an area were used soil and land characteristics criteria causing landsliding. Based on field visit, it was seen that the research area was still susceptible to landsliding. This was due to the parent materials of the soil deriving from tuff pumice which is crumb structure and loamy texture on the top layer. Climate, especially annual rainfall in study site was high enough (approximately 4322 mm) which was evently distributed all year long without dry month. Slope of the area was > 45%, especially areas hit by landsliding. Land use was not based on soil conservation rule, such as coconut and arenga pinneca, and other mixed trees were planted on the area having > 45% slope. The results of the soil characteristic analyses showed that HARKAT interval of lansliding threat was 13 and land characteristics showed 20. Summation of HARKAT values from soil and land characteristics was 33. This number showed that the study site had high degree of landsliding risk. The possibility of areas would be hit by lansliding were Partamuan, Koto Timur, Sungai Geringging, and around Maninjau lake.Keywords : earthquake, soil and land characteristics, tuff pumice, wet tropical

PENGARUH VARIETAS DAN SISTEM PERSIAPAN LAHAN PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG Ridwan Ridwan; Yulinar Zubaidah
Jurnal Solum Vol 2, No 2 (2005): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/js.2.2.%p.2005

Maize productivity was affected by land preparation system, crop variety, and management. A field experiment was conducted in Guguk Lima Puluh Kota Regency during planting season 2002 (from July to November 2002). The experiment was designed in a split plot design with three replications. Two varieties of corn (Bisma and P10-hybrid) as a main plot and three methods of land preparation (no tillage, conventional tillage, and strip tillage) as a subplot. Objectives of the experiment were to find out a combination of better crop variety and land preparation methods on maize growth. The results of the experiment showed that maize P 10-hybrid gave the shorter plant height, the higher number of seeds /cob and yield. Bisma and P10-hybrid varieties gave yield 7.91 and 8.51 t/ha, respectively. Plant growth, yield components, and yield of maize had not been affected by land preparation methods. However, no tillage and strip tillage methods seemed to give higher yield (8.26 and 8.90 t/ha, respectively) and more efficient than conventional tillage. Key Words: maize variety, no tillage, conventional tillage, and strip tillage

CADANGAN, KEHILANGAN, DAN AKUMULASI KARBON PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI LAHAN GAMBUT TROPIKA Maswar Maswar; Oteng Haridjaja; Supiandi Sabiham; Meine van Noordwijk
Jurnal Solum Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Peat land conversion to oil palm plantation affects carbon stocks and can change a net sink of atmospheric carbon (C) into a net source. The influence of location, type of peat, drainage practices and fertilization is insufficiently known. A study was conducted in West Aceh from May 2008 until October 2009 in oil palm plantations of various age. Carbon stocks and C loss were calculated from data of bulk density (BD), ash content, carbon content, and peat depth. A new method for C loss estimates using ash as internal tracer was developed and tested. Peat land characteristics after drainage and conversion to oil palm plantation were investigated by field observation and laboratory analysis of peat soil samples in the laboratory. Results showed that: 1) Distance from the drain influences the rates of: a) water table depth, b) subsidence, with rates of 1,1 to 9,2 cm/year and 22.67 – 57.23% influence of C loss, and c) soil carbon loss. 2) Ash content and bulk density of the peat are related, indicating the partial loss of soil C during compaction. 3) An “internal tracer” estimate of peat C loss yields estimates of CO2 flux up to 48 t CO2-eq ha-1 y-1 for young oil palm, highly correlated with measured rates of subsidence of the surface and water table depth. 4) Patterns of weight loss of surface litter, measured in litter bags, respond to inherent quality (C/N). Some data for oil palm on shallow peat suggest that a net sink for C can be maintained under such conditions.Key words: Carbon stock, carbon loss, carbon accumulation, oil palm, tropical peat

KAJIAN SIFAT FISIKA TANAH BEBERAPA PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI BUKIT GAJABUIH KAWASAN HUTAN HUJAN TROPIK GUNUNG GADUT PADANG Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita; Utri Luki; Afri Yana
Jurnal Solum Vol 4, No 2 (2007): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Study about soil physical properties of Bukik Gajabuih Padang, the area receiving high annual rainfall (>5000 mm), was conducted at different land uses in 2006. The objective of this research was to measure the change of soil physical properties as forest was cut down and converted into mixed perennial plant field and into bush land. The results showed that changing forest area into land use for mixed perennial trees for more than 50 years increased SOM content on the top 0-20 cm, but decreased on the 20-40 cm layer. The highest SOM content was found under bush land. Therefore, the bulk densisty of the soil decreased from forest to mixed land use and to bush land. The opposite trend was found for total pores and permeability rate. While the plasticity index of the soil followed the clay percentage of the soil texture, it increased by increasing clay content of soil from forest into mixed field and bush land use.Key Words: Land Use Change, Soil Organic Carbon, Soil Physical Properties

PENGUKURAN INFILTRASI TANAH BUKIT PINANG-PINANG KAWASAN HUTAN HUJAN TROPIK GUNUNG GADUT PADANG DI LABORATORIUM Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita; Asmar Asmar; Ricci Enrella
Jurnal Solum Vol 6, No 2 (2009): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

A research about infiltration rate of soils from Pinang-Pinang area, a super wet tropical rain forest gunung Gadut Padang, was conducted in soil laboratory Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University. Pinang-pinang area is located in Kecamatan Pauh, in the upper footslope of Gadut mountain, functiong as water regulation for the area down under, especially Padang city. This is caused by the fact that water from the Pinang-Pinang area will fow to the sea through Kuranji river. This area is supposed to be protected to avoid natural disaster in the area down under. This research was aimed to determine infiltration rate of soils under different land use in the Pinang-Pinang region. There were three land use in this area, forest, mixed garden, and bush. Undisturbed soil samples were taken from each land use by using 11-cm in diameter and 40 cm height tubes. Soils samples were tightly closed, and brought into laboratory. Infiltration rate from each soil samples were determined in laboratory. The results showed that mixed garden gave the highest infiltration rate (38.4 cm jam-1) among the land use tested, and then followed by forest land use, and then bush land.Key Words: infiltration, land use, tropical rain forest

DETERMINASI ENERGI POTENSIAL AIR TANAH ULTISOL LIMAU MANIS DENGAN METODA KOLOM AIR, KERTAS SARING, DAN TEKANAN UDARA Asmar Asmar; Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita; Ari Ramayani
Jurnal Solum Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Jurnal SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Water content at several levels of soil water potential is important to determine soil water available for plant growth. Standard method used to analyse soil water potential is by using Pressure and membrane Plate Apparatus. Alternative methods can be used are by using Buchner Tunnel and Filter paper Methods. This research was aimed to compare the results of Buchner Tunnel and Filter paper Methods on Pressure method in determining soil water potential. The result showed that, from the two alternative methods tested, KA tanah determined by filter paper method gave results closer to the pressure method for Ultisol Limau Manis. Then, among three laboratoriums giving services on soil water potential determination by using Pressure plate apparatus, laboratorium of soil physics from Jambi University gave results which were more rational to the soil physical properties of Ultisol Limau Manis.Key Words: Soil water potential, plant available water, Buchner tunnel, filter paper, pressure plate apparatus

PENGARUH REKLAMASI LAHAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKA DAN EROSI PADA LAHAN ALANG-ALANG Aprisal Aprisal
Jurnal Solum Vol 7, No 2 (2010): JURNAL SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

A research about utilization of cylindrica biomass as an OM source was conducted to improve physical properties and to reduce soil erosion of degraded land and. The area of degraded land is quite large and the cylindrical biomass as a soil ameliorant is enough amount to use. The research was aimed to evaluate the effect of cylindrical biomass to improve properties and to reduce erosion of degraded Ultisol. Cylindrica biomass was treated as mulch as well as compost, sprayed with Round up, and removed from the land as farmers used to do. The field research was designed in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The result showed that cylindrical biomass was able to improve soil physical properties (BD, TP, infiltration rate) and to reduce erosion lower than the tolerated one. Keywords: land reclamation, erosion, tolerated erosion

DYNAMICS OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON FRACTIONS UNDER DIFFERENT LAND MANAGEMENT IN WET TROPICAL AREAS Ermadani Ermadani; Hermansah Hermansah; Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita; Auzar Syarif
Jurnal Solum Vol 15, No 1 (2018): JURNAL SOLUM
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Karbon (C) organik tanah yang merupakan bagian utama dari bahan organik tanah mengalami penurunan sebagai akibat perubahan-perubahan penggunaan lahan dari kondisi alami menjadi lahan-lahan pertanian. Penurunan C organik tanah menjadi semakin besar karena masukan bahan organik yang rendah dan bila penurunan ini. berlangsung terus menerus maka pada akhirnya menyebabkan degradasi tanah. Artikel ini membahas peranan, dekomposisi dan struktur dari bahan organik tanah dalam hubungannya dengan dinamika fraksi C organik tanah pada pengelolaan lahan yang berbeda di daerah tropis basah. Perubahan penggunaan dan pengelolaan lahan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan C organik total dan fraksi-fraksi C organik labil dan stabil tanah. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa fraksi C organik labil seperti C organik partikulat lebih responsif terhadap perubahan-perubahan dari pengelolaan tanah dan merupakan suatu indikator yang sensitif dari kualitas tanah. Disamping itu fraksi C organik stabil seperti asam humat yang mengalami perubahan karena praktek-praktek pengelolaan tanah dapat digunakan untuk menilai kapasitas potensial tanah sebagai penyimpan karbon. Perubahan-perubahan penggunaan lahan dan pengelolaan tanah mempunyai pengaruh negatif dan positif terhadap C organik total, fraksi C organik labil (C organik partikulat) dan fraksi C organik stabil (asam humat). Praktek-praktek pengelolaan yang dapat mempertahankan dan memperbaiki fraksi-fraksi C organik tanah meliputi sistem agroforestri, aplikasi pupuk organik, mulsa dan pengembalian sisa tanaman ke dalam tanah. Fraksi C organik partikulat dan asam humat menunjukkan perubahan-perubahan yang lebih besar dibandingkan C organik total akibat perubahan-perubahan penggunaan lahan dan praktek-praktek pengelolaan tanah di daerah tropis basah.Key words : Fraksi C organik, penggunaan lahan, tropis basah

Page 9 of 18 | Total Record : 173

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Agustian

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agustian@agr.unand.ac.id

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Gedung Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas Kampus Unand LIMAU MANIS PADANG 25163

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