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eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia
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Focus and Scope of this journal are : Chemical Engineering including : bioenergy processing, environmental engineering, natural resource management, Heat and Mass Transfer, Chemical Reaction, Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Designing tools and chemical processes, Chemical industry process, Computing and modeling (simulation) process, Particle and nano technology, membrane technology, esessential oil technology, and phytopharmaca, etc. Civil Engineering including : technology of construction materials, transportation system, environmental layout, concrete and wood structures, steel construction, bridge and dam construction, management of water resources and Hydrology, earthquake engineering, sanitation systems and urban drainage. eUREKA is published twice a year on Juni and December by Engineering Faculty of Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang
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Articles 160 Documents
STUDI KAPASITAS TINGKAT PELAYANAN LALU LINTAS PADA PERSIMPANGAN JALAN RAYA TLOGOMAS, TANPA SINYAL TERMINAL LANDUNG SARI Soares, Antonio Vicente; Widodo, Esti; Widodo, Esti
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

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Jalan raya adalah suatu lintasan yang bertujuan melewatkan lalu lintas dari suatu tempat ketempat lainnya, sedangkan lalu lintas adalah menyangkut semua benda dan mahkluk yang melewati jalan baik bermotor maupun yang takbermotor. Fungsi Jalan raya sebagai prasarana perhubungan yang peranannya sangat penting karena akan membantu pengembangan wilayah. Oleh karena itu lalu lintas di jalan raya harus terselengara secara lancar dan aman sehingga pengangkutan dapat berjalan dengan cepat, aman, tepat, efisien dan ekonomis. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisa tingkat pelayanan (level of service/Los) di persimpangan Jl. Raya Tlogomas, akses keluar masuk Terminal Landungsari Jl. Tlogomas. Sedangkan maksud studi ini adalah memberikan alternatife pemecahan masalah kemacetan lalu lintas yang sering terjadi di lokasi studi dan sebagai bahan masukan kepada instansi terkait guna mencari solusi pemecahan masalah kemacetan yang terjadi di lokasi studi. Parameter Pengamatan : situasi arus lalu lintas, panjang antrian, fungsi lokasi studi dan akses keluar masuk terminal Landung Sari, Desa Landung Sari Kecamatan Dau Kabupaten Malang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk 5 tahun kedepannya akses keluar masuk terminal Landung Sari akan semakin sedikit hal ini dikarenakan adanya perubahan : LHR untuk tahun 2019 = 2955,29 smp/jam, kapasitas jalan pada tahun 2019 (C) = 2745,76 smp/jam dan derajat kejenuhan pada tahun 2019 (Ds) = 1,69. Kata kunci : Kapasitas, Pelayanan Lalu Lintas, Simpang Tak Bersinyal
PENGARUH SUHU AIR AKAN PENAMBAHAN COOLING TOWER DAN TANPA PENAMBAHAN COOLING TOWER PADA PROSES DESTILASI UAP DAUN SEREH DAPUR TERHADAP KEMURNIAN MINYAK HASIL DESTILASI Pereira, Celestino Castro
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

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The cooling water is needed in the chemical industry as a medium for the exchange of heat between the fluid and cooling water. Ongoing heat exchange occurs in the condenser due to the heat carried by steam from the steam distillation process. The heat exchange causes the cold water temperature changes where the cooling water temperature to be increased because the resulting heat carried by steam is absorbed by the water. To cool the temperature of the hot water that is recirculated and reused then the need for a device that converts the temperature is by using a cooling tower (cooling tower) as the cooling medium. The main objective is applied Cooling tower for cooling the steam distillation results from distillation to the condenser before returning to the tank, so that the temperature of the water coming out of the condenser and back to the tank remained stable or cold. This research process using a cooling tower and equipped with a fan, and fillers as media inhibiting water flow rate for process cooling water, using the raw material leaves Cymbopogon Citratus as research material and variations in media cooling fluid used is water, and the process the course of the heating for 3 hours. From this research, the data obtained can produce a drop in temperature to the maximum of 40 ° C (without using Cooling Tower) to 30 oC (using Cooling Tower) for 3 hours the heating process with the difference in temperature of 10 °C, with a temperature measurement every 30 minutes for 6 times the temperature measurement in the manual way. So with the help of cooling tower as its medium of cooling water is very significant and very pure distillate oil yield compared to without the addition of cooling tower. Keywords: cooling water, Steam Distillation, water temperature, Cooling tower ABSTRAK Air pendingin sangat dibutuhkan dalam industri kimia sebagai media untuk melakukan pertukaran antara fluida yang panas dan pendingin air. Berlangsungnya pertukaran panas tersebut terjadi di dalam Kondensor akibat panas yang dibawa oleh steam/uap dari proses destilasi uap. Pertukaran panas tersebut menyebabkan air dingin mengalami perubahan temperatur dimana temperatur air pendingin menjadi naik karena disebabkan panas yang dibawa oleh uap yang diserap oleh air. Untuk mendinginkan temperature air panas tersebut agar disirkulasikan dan digunakan kembali maka perlu adanya suatu alat yang mengubah temperature tersebut yaitu dengan menggunakan menara pendingin (cooling tower) sebagai media pendinginan. Tujuan utama diaplikasikan Cooling tower ini untuk pendinginan hasil uap destilasi dari destilator ke kondensor sebelum kembali ke bak penampung, agar temperatur air yang keluar dari kondensor dan kembali ke bak penampung tetap stabil atau dingin. Proses penelitian ini menggunakan alat cooling tower dan dilengkapi dengan kipas, dan bahan pengisi atau filler sebagai media penghambat laju alir air untuk proses pendinginan air, dengan mengunakan bahan baku daun sereh dapur sebagai bahan penelitian dan variasi media pendingin fluida yang digunakan yaitu air, dan proses berlangsungnya pemanasan selama 3 jam. Dari penelitian ini data yang diperoleh dapat menghasilkan penurunan suhu yang secara maksimal dari 40 oC tanpa menggunakan Cooling Tower menjadi 30 oCmenggunakan Cooling Tower selama 3 jam proses pemanasan dengan selisih suhu 10 oC, dengan pengukuran suhu setiap 30 menit sebanyak 6 kali pengukuran suhu yaitu pengukuran dengan cara manual. Maka dengan bantuan cooling tower sebagai media perantara pendinginan air sangat signifikan, dan hasil minyak destilasi sangat murni dibandingkan dengan tanpa penambahan cooling tower. Kata Kunci: Air pendingin, Destilasi Uap, Suhu Air, Cooling tower
PERENCANAAN PERKUATAN TEBING DI BANTARAN SUNGAI METRO KECAMATAN SUKUN KELURAHAN KARANGBESUKI KABUPATEN MALANG Ximenes, Leonardo Da Cruz; Sulistyani, Kiki Frida; Suhudi, Suhudi
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

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Some communities in Malang still much settled in areas close to the river banks or cliffs. In this case to note there are many who rely on the land retaining wall as a cantilever aides foundatin on peoples homes. Retaining walls can be said to be safe if the retaining wall has been considered the safety factor, both against the dangers of the shift, the danger of overthrow, reduced bearing capacity and fracture. Planning retaining wall is located in a residential of Graha Indah Santosa on a Karangbesuki metro river bank Karangbesuki metro Village, Sukun District, Malang. The planned retaining wall is the type of gravity. In order to this building function properly, then the stability of the building should also be good. Therefore, the author tries to analyze the stability of the retaining wall to the danger of rolling and sliding toward normal water level conditions without the earthquake, with earthquake and toward flood water level conditions without the earthquake, with earthquakes. Calculation using the formula Rankine. As a result, Sfsliding 1,82> 1.5 and 1.65> 1.2 SFshear 1.9> 1.5 and 1.57> 1.2 (for normal conditions without and with earthquake) and SFsliding 1.9> 1,5 and 1.8> 1.2, SFshear 1.65> 1.5 and 1.35> 1.2 (for flood conditions without and with earthquake) turns secure. This study is also included with the calculation of the total budget plan is Rp. 675.980,002 Key words : River metro, retaining wall, Stability
Evaluasi Saluran Drainase pada Jalan Purwodadi Kecamatan Lawang Kabupaten Malang Soares, Pedro Afonso; Suhudi, Suhudi; Irvani, Harvi
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

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ABSTRACT The System of drainage channels is necessary to throw away the rain water is not absorbed in the soil, as well as to prevent the occurrence of puddles that can interfere with the activities of the community or cause flooding during the rainy season. The problem of puddles into thought and attention from various parties, it is because of the lack of enthusiasm of the community and lack of drainage channels inside or around the area of Purwodadi Subdistrict Lawang. This research was carried out in Purwodadi Subdistrict Lawang Regency Malang, from the month of October – November 2016. The methods used in this study are of rational methods i.e. Qa = 0.278. C. I. A, While the data obtained from the research is the condition of the road and the Existing channel that suffered damage and also data from multiple instances include: precipitation Data, Map land use. From the results of the data analysis States that the amount of rainfall with the 10-year anniversary of the epoch of 61.238 mm, Kala flood discharge 10-year anniversary of sal: Q. = 1.0 m3/sec. the capacity of the existing drainage channels of Q sal. = 0.889 m3/sec. The dimensions of the existing channels are not enough to miss the kala flood discharge 10-year anniversary of 1.0 m3/sec. Plan of drainage channels: Q sal. = 1.39 m3/sec. Construction design for drainage channels in the path of Purwodadi is b = 0.80 m and h = 1.0 m to keep the puddle does not occur then the dihimbau to the people not to throw garbage on the channel and maintenance on a regular basis by the Office of related and also the community. Key words ; hydrology, hydraulics Analysis, evaluation of Drainage channels.
ANALISIS PEMBUATAN DINDING PENAHAN TANAH PADA LERENG JALAN RAYA ENDE–NANGAPANDA KAB. ENDE KOTA, KONSTANTINUS RANI; Pandulu, Galih Damar; Sulistyani, Kiki Frida
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

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Slide in general for example caused by to lower strong him shift land; ground of bevel, make-up of external burden or condition of water rate height and hidrolis. This research to know denaturing of land; ground mechanic and physical effect of drenching for example change of water rate value (w), degree of saturation (Sr), cohesi (c), angle;corner shift in (φ) land;ground have silt with condition of rate irrigate early certain and how its influence to slide potency, see influence of good bevel geometry variation inclination variation of and also high variation of bevel to change of factor of safety value ( SF) effect of change of land;ground parameters. Data analysis which is to be relied on coulomb formula. Wall penahan of land;ground can be told to stabilize, if obtained security number above taken boundary. Wall stability penahan of land;ground can be expressed with value of Fs ( factor of safety). Value factor of safety the evaluated is Fs Overtuning that is factor of safety to rolling style, Fs Slading is factor of safety to shifting atwall base penahan of land;ground, Bearing capacity Fs is factor of safety to energy support. Intention of this study is to analyse gravitation wall stability and design peaceful dimension to dynamic and static burden. Result of from this study indicate that gravitation wall, with dimension of H = 9,65 m, B = 5,79 m, Ta = 1m, Tb = 4,5 peaceful mbecause its stability value ismatching with the one which required, that is equal to Fs rolling = 2,40, Fs Shift = 1,81, Energy Fs support = 0.84 Keywords : Analysis, Wall Gravitation, Dimension ABSTRAK Kelongsoran pada umumnya antara lain disebabkan karena rendahnya kuat geser tanah pembentuk lereng, peningkatan beban luar atau kondisi hidrolis dan tingginya kadar air. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perubahan sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah akibat pembasahan antara lain perubahan nilai kadar air (w), derajat kejenuhan (Sr), cohesi (c), sudut geser dalam (φ) pada tanah berlanau dengan kondisi kadar air awal tertentu dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap potensi kelongsoran, melihat pengaruh variasi geometri lereng baik variasi kemiringan maupun variasi tinggi lereng terhadap perubahan nilai faktor keamanan (SF) akibat perubahan parameter-parameter tanah tersebut. Analisa data yang dilakukan didasarkan pada rumusan coulomb. Dinding penahan tanah dapat dikatakan stabil, apabila angka keamanan yang diperoleh di atas batas yang diambil. Stabilitas dinding penahan tanah dapat dinyatakan dengan nilai Fs (faktor keamanan). Nilai faktor keamanan yang ditinjau adalah Fs Overtuning yaitu faktor keamanan terhadap gaya guling, Fs Slading adalah faktor keamanan terhadap geser pada dasar dinding penahan tanah, Fs bearing capacity adalah faktor keamanan terhadap daya dukung. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menganalisa stabilitas dinding gravitasi dan mendisain dimensi yang aman terhadap beban statis dan dinamis. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa dinding gravitasi tersebut, dengan dimensi H= 9,65 m, B = 5,79 m, Ta = 1m, Tb = 4,5 m aman karena nilai stabilitasnya sesuai dengan yang disyaratkan, yaitu sebesar Fs guling =2,40, Fs Geser =1,81, Fs daya dukung = 0.84. Kata Kunci : Analisis, Dinding Penahan Gravitasi, Dimensi
PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN SEBAGIAN PASIR LUMAJANG DENGAN PASIR GARUK TERHADAP NILAI KUAT TEKAN PAVING BLOCK DI PROBOLINGGO Rosadi, Imron; Pandulu, Galih Damar
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

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Needs a very large of paving block in the Probolinggo area, positive response by the local community as a very promising business prospects. Paving blcok made in Kademangan village using a mixture of cement and Lumajang sand which are relatively more expensive than the Probolinggo local sand. To reduce the cost of materials, Kademangan residents uses garuk sand to reduce the use of Lumajang sand, where the price per cubic meter of garuk sand is much cheaper than Lumajang sand. The use of garuk sand as a partial replacement of Lumajang sand material effect on the resulting compressive strength. Based on research that has been done, the value of the average compressive strength of paving blocks produced by the composition of the mixture of 0%, 5%, 10%, 25% and 50% garuk sand to Lumajang sand on testing 28 days in a row at 29,55 MPa, 30,04 MPa, 27,96 MPa, 27,01 MPa and 14,02 MPa. Referring to the SNI 03-0691-1996 produced quality block paving mixture B to 0%, 5%, 10% and 25%, whereas a mixture of 50% produces quality paving block D. Keywords: paving blocks, garuk sand, compressive strength, quality. ABSTRAK Kebutuhan paving block yang sangat besar di daerah Probolinggo direspon positif oleh masyarakat setempat sebagai prospek usaha yang sangat menjanjikan. Paving blcok yang dibuat di Desa Kademangan menggunakan campuran semen dan pasir Lumajang yang harganya relatif lebih mahal dibandingkan pasir lokal Kabupaten Probolinggo. Untuk mengurangi biaya bahan, warga Kademangan memanfaatkan pasir garuk untuk mengurangi penggunaan pasir Lumajang, dimana harga permeter kubik pasir ini jauh lebih murah dibandingkan pasir Lumajang. Penggunaan pasir garuk sebagai bahan pengganti sebagian pasir Lumajang berpengaruh terhadap kuat tekan yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, nilai kuat tekan rata-rata paving block yang dihasilkan dengan komposisi campuran 0%, 5%, 10%, 25% dan 50% pasir garuk terhadap pasir Lumajang pada pengujian umur 28 hari berturut- turut sebesar 29,55 MPa, 30,04 MPa, 27,96 MPa, 27,01 MPa dan 14,02 MPa. Mengacu pada SNI 03-0691-1996 dihasilkan paving block mutu B untuk campuran 0%, 5%,10% dan 25%, sedangkan campuran 50% menghasilkan paving block mutu D. Kata kunci: paving block, pasir garuk, kuat tekan, mutu.
PERENCANAAN PERKERASAN KAKU (RIGID PAVEMENT) PADA RUAS JALAN STA 0+1 KM KECAMATAN BINANGUN KABUPATEN BLITAR JAWA TIMUR Brunosius, Brunosius; arifianto, andi kristafi; Primasworo, Rifky Aldila
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
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The highway is a target trajectory of transportation that serves to reach from one place to another. Therefore, to improve and expedite the flow of traffic on roads Binangun, District Binangun, Blitar in East Java requires good planning in order to obtain good results and also economically. This study aims to plot thick rigid pavement on roads Binangun with melekukan survey include traffic data on average daily, know the condition of the road, and the measurement path. This plan is intended to plan a road thick rigid pavement on roads Binangun. The method used in the planning of this road is rigid pavement using NAASRA (National Association of Australian State Road Authorities). Data analysis methods used, among others, are planning a thick slab of concrete, reinforcement planning, planning connection (Dowel and Tie Bar). Expenses for rigid pavement construction planning amounted to 60,243,947.1 kg/m3 of load for flexible pavement construction planning amounted to 48,009,707.1 kg/m3 . The number of vehicles according the survey data over the age of plans based on the total fatigue approaching or equal to 100 % . The importance of the rigid pavement thickness to be used on roads Binangun Blitar District of Binangun are 180 mm = 18 cm. Keywords: Rigid Pavement, NAASRA
Teknologi Pengawetan Bahan Pangan dengan Penambahan Asap Cair dari Tempurung Kelapa dan Sabut Kelapa Melalui Proses Pirolisis dan Redestilasi Horri, Muhammad; Eriawan, Rinandy; Anggraini, S.P. Abrina; Yuniningsih, Susy
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

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ABSTRAK Saat ini sebagian besar produk makanan dan makanan olahan akhir-akhir ini mengganggu masyarakat dalam penggunaan formalin sebagai bahan pengawet senyawa pengawet yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan. Masalah-masalah tersebut dapat diatasi dengan mengembangkan proses preservasi menggunakan asap cair. Industri asap cair adalah salah satu pemanfaatan limbah pertanian seperti batok kelapa dan sabut kelapa menjadi produk yang bernilai, dilakukan dengan mengondensasi asap yang terbentuk dari proses pirolisis dan dilanjutkan dengan proses pemurnian untuk memisahkan benzo (a) pyrene terkandung dalam asap cair. Benzo (a) pyrene adalah senyawa karsinogen yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia dan harus dikurangi atau dihilangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan benzo (a) pyrene menggunakan proses redestilasi untuk pemurnian asap cair. Kemudian untuk menentukan efek asap cair tempurung kelapa dan kulit menjadi bahan makanan. Dari proses pirolisis kemudian proses pemurnian asap cair kelas 3 dilakukan dengan menggunakan peralatan distilasi dan kolom pemanfaatan zeolit aktif dan karbon aktif kemudian hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan LC / MS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asap cair kelas 1 dari batok kelapa dan kulit tidak mengandung benzo (a) pyrene. Asap cair dari batok kelapa ini memiliki umur simpan yang lebih lama daripada asap cair dari kulit. Kata kunci : asap cair; pirolisis; kolom filtrasi; benzo (a) pyrene ABSTRACT Today most of the food products and processed food lately disturbing the public in theused of formaldehyde as a preservative compound foodstuffs which may endanger health. Those problems can be overcome by developing of the preservation process using liquid smoke. Manufacture of liquid smoke is one of the utilization of agricultural waste such as coconut shells and coconut husk into a valuable product, is done by condensing the smoke that is formed from the pyrolysis process and proceed with the purification process to separate benzo (a) pyrene contained in the liquid smoke. Benzo (a) pyrene is carcinogenic compounds that are dangerous to human health and should be reduced or eliminated. The purpose of this study is to determine the content of benzo (a) pyrene using redestilasi process for purification of liquid smoke. Then to determine the liquid smoke effect of coconut shell and husk to foodstuffs. From the pyrolysis process then purificationprocess of liquid smoke grade 3 is done by using distillation equipment and usingfiltration column of activated zeolite and activated carbon then the result is analyzed using LC / MS. Results of this study showed that liquid smoke grade 1 from coconut shells and husk are not contained benzo (a) pyrene. This liquid smoke from coconut shells has a longer shelf life than liquid smoke from husk. Keywords : liquid smoke, pyrolysis, filtration columns, benzo (a) pyrene
Analisa Kapasitas Tingkat Pelayanan Lalu Lintas Tanpa Signal pada Persimpangan Jalan Tirto Utomo Tlogomas Landungsari. Ceu, Albino Maia Do; Pandulu, Galih Damar; Arifianto, Andy Kristafi
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

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ABSTRACT Malang is the second major city after the city of Surabaya in East Java with tourist potential and its economy is growing. The activities such as malls, markets, parks, campuses, tourist areas, office activities and other activities are factors that make this street has a solid activity that resulted in the problem - the problem of transport one road congestion resulting in decreased capacity, In the survey or the study used data collection methods with Manual Method Counter at the crossroads Tirto Utomo Tlogomas Landungsari Malang with the purpose of calculating the value of traffic volume, capacity and level of service is to conduct a survey for 14 days (starting from 6:00 pm - 22:00 WIB) and survey data obtained vehicle traffic volume and road geometric data are then analyzed using the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (MKJI) 1997. Based on the analysis, the volume of peak hour at a crossroads Tirto Utomo Tlogomas Landungsari was 9256 smp / hour, ), capacity of 3206.82 and the level of service (LOS) is F. Keywords: capacity, analysis of traffic services.
Perencanaan Saluran Drainase Di Kelurahan Benpasi Kecamatan Kota Kefamenanu Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara Seran, Sebastianus; Suhudi, Suhudi
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

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ABSTRAK Saluran darinase melayani pembuangan kelebihan air yang tidak dimanfaatkan dari suatu lokasi dengan cara mengakirkannya melalui permukaan tanah (surface drainage) atau lewat dibawah permukaan tanah (sub surface drainage) untuk kemudian dibuang ke sungai, laut atau danau. Kelebihan air tersebut dapat berupa air hujan, limbah domestik ataupun limbah industri. Berdasarkan kodisi yang ada dilokasi studi, perencanaan saluran drainase ini dimaksudkan untuk mengatasi genangan, melancarkan aliran air sehingga tidak tersendat oleh tumpukan sampah dan juga mengatasi pengikisan tanah oleh air. Beberapa faktor yang melatar belakangi perencanaan saluran drainase di Kelurahan Benpasi adalah penumpukan sampah rumah tangga dilokasih studi sehingga memperlambat laju aliran air yang mengakibatkan genangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kelurahan benpasi kecamatan kefamananu kabupaten TTU, dari bulan februari – maret 2014. Data yang diperoleh dari lokasi penelitian adalah: kondisi jalan dan saluran existing yang mengalami kerusakan. Kata kunci : perencanaan;drainase