cover
Contact Name
Rachma Wikandari
Contact Email
rachma_wikandari@mail.ugm.ac.id
Phone
+6285712601130
Journal Mail Official
agritech@ugm.ac.id
Editorial Address
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Location
Kab. sleman,
Daerah istimewa yogyakarta
INDONESIA
agriTECH
ISSN : 02160455     EISSN : 25273825     DOI : 10.22146/agritech
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agritech with registered number ISSN 0216-0455 (print) and ISSN 2527-3825 (online) is a scientific journal that publishes the results of research in the field of food and agricultural product technology, agricultural and bio-system engineering, and agroindustrial technology. This journal is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies (PATPI).
Articles 10 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol 30, No 2 (2010)" : 10 Documents clear
Fraksinasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Volatil pada Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa Hibrida Syahraeni Kadir; Purnama Darmadji; Chusnul Hidayat; Supriyadi Supriyadi
agriTECH Vol 30, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1135.621 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9674

Abstract

Hybrid coconut shell is a potential raw material for liquid smoke because it contains lignin and cellulose as in local coconut shell. The liquid smoke has been found to contain compound functioning as smoky product improvement. The objective of this research was to identify components of volatile compound existing in the liquid smoke of hybrid coco- nut shell resulted from fractionation at various redistillation temperatures.Crude liquid smoke fractionation in this research was conducted by redistillation levels (level I, II, III) and pre-con- densation (IV) with three temperatures: <100oC, 100-110oC, and >110oC. Redistillate was analyzed for its chemical component including total phenol, carbonyl, and acid. Liquid smoke components of volatile compound were identified using GC-MS. Results of the research indicated that liquid smoke fraction resulted from redistillation at 100-110oC had highest concentration of 85.70%, contains about 1.36-1.47% of total phenol, 5.25-6.38% of carbonyl and 14.91-15.35% of total acid. Aroma range of liquid smoke from redistillation had strong (+1) aroma to very strong aroma (+4), particularly on pre-condensation fraction. Fraction in level II in each redistillation temperature had aroma rep- resentative for testing organic component with GC-MS. Results of volatile compound analysis with GC-MS revealed that crude liquid smoke contains 42 of organic compounds. However, its fractionation results contain 25 of organic compounds with redistillation temperature <100oC, 21 of organic compounds at 100-110oC and 16 of organic com- pounds at >110oC. Some compounds that play role in liquid smoke aroma are phenolic compound, guaiacol deriva- tives, syringol derivatives, isoeugenol, vanilin, furan, furfural, acetic acid, acetophenon and cyclotene.ABSTRAKTempurung kelapa hibrida merupakan salah satu bahan baku potensial untuk asap cair karena mengandung lignin dan selulosa sebagaimana halnya pada tempurung kelapa lokal. Beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di dalam asap cair terkandung berbagai senyawa kimia yang berperan memperbaiki mutu produk asapan. Penelitian ini bertu- juan mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa volatil di dalam asap cair tempurung kelapa hibrida hasil fraksinasi pada berbagai suhu redistilasi. Fraksinasi asap cair kasar di dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan redistilasi bertingkat (I, II dan III) serta prekondensasi (IV), dengan tiga variasi suhu : < 100 °C; 100-110 °C dan >110 °C. Redistilat yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis komponen kimiawinya yang meliputi total fenol, karbonil, asam dan pH. Komponen senyawa volatil asap cair diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa redisti- lasi asap cair pada suhu 100-110 °C mempunyai total rendemen tertinggi yakni 85,70%, yang mengandung sekitar1,36-1,47%  fenol, 5,25-6,38% karbonil dan 14,91-15,35% total asam. Kisaran aroma asap hasil fraksinasi dengan redistilasi bertingkat mempunyai kisaran aroma kuat (+1) sampai dengan sangat kuat/menyengat (+4), terutama pada fraksi pre kondensasi. Hasil pengujian dengan GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa asap cair kasar mengandung 42 senyawa organik. Akan tetapi, hasil fraksinasinya menunjukkan bahwa pada suhu redistilasi <100 °C terdapat 25 senyawa organik; 21 senyawa organik pada suhu redistilasi 100-110 °C dan 16 senyawa organik pada suhu redistilasi >110°C. Beberapa senyawa yang berperan di dalam aroma asap cair adalah senyawa fenol, derivat guaiakol, derivat syringol, isoeugenol, vanilin, furan, furfural, asam asetat, asetofenon dan sikloten.
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kadar Senyawa Fenolik pada Kunir Putih (Curcuma mangga Val.) Segar dan Setelah Blanching Dwiyati Pujimulyani; Sri Raharjo; Y. Marsono; Umar Santoso
agriTECH Vol 30, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (644.527 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9675

Abstract

The objective of this research was to investigate phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fresh and blanched white saffron, and to determine the correlation between antioxidant activity and phenolic content. The phenolics analyzed consisted of total phenol, total flavonoid, and condensed tannins with standards gallic acid, quercetin, and catechin, respectively. Antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scaveng- ing and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The result showed that total phenol content, total flavonoid content, condensed tanin content, DPPH, and FRAP of blanched white saffron in 0.05% citric acid solution, 100°C for 5 min- utes were higher than that of  fresh white saffron. The phenolic content had significant correlations with antioxidant activity of white saffron.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar senyawa fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan pada kunir putih segar dan setelah dilakukan blanching, serta mengetahui korelasi antara kadar senyawa fenolik dengan aktivitas antioksidan kunir putih. Komponen fenolik yang diteliti adalah kadar fenol total, flavonoid total, dan tanin terkondensasi dengan menggunakan standar berturut-turut asam galat, kuersetin, dan katekin. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji menggunakan 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) sebagai penangkap radikal bebas dan metode FRAP (Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kunir putih yang telah  dilakukan blanching dalam media asam sitrat0,05%, 100°C selama 5 menit mempunyai kadar fenol total, flavonoid total, tanin terkondensasi, nilai DPPH, dan FRAP lebih tinggi secara nyata dibanding kunir putih segar yang diekstraksi dengan 6 jenis pelarut. Meningkatnya kadar komponen fenolik kunir putih berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan meningkatnya aktivitas antioksidan kunir putih setelah mengalami blanching dibanding segar.
Perubahan Kandungan Β-Karoten, Asam Lemak Bebas dan Bilangan Peroksida Minyak Sawit Merah Selama Pemanasan Budiyanto Budiyanto; Devi Silsia; Zulman Efendi; Rasie Janika
agriTECH Vol 30, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (694.699 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9676

Abstract

The objectives of the study were to evaluate decreasing pattern of ß-carotene, determine the changes of free fatty acid content and to determine peroxide value of red plam olein oil during heating. Red palm olein oil samples were heated at four different temperatures (150°C, 160°C, 170°C, and 180°C) for ten hours. Heated samples were taken every 30 minutes for each heating treatment. The ß-carotene, FFA, and peroxide value in each sample were evaluated. The data were plotted into its curve for further evaluation. The finding indicated that ß-carotene content in red palm olein oil decreased sharply in the first three hours of heating, especially for the oil heated at 180°C.  In adition, heating for 10 hours resulted in decreasing of FFA and peroxide values, especially for red palm oil samples heated above 150°C.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pola penurunan kandungan ß-karoten, menentukan pola perubahan kandun- gan asam lemak bebas (FFA), dan menentukan pola perubahan bilangan peroksida minyak sawit merah selama pe- manasan. Minyak sawit merah dipanaskan pada empat suhu pemanasan yang berbeda  (150°C, 160°C, 170°C, dan180°C) selama 10 jam. Sampel minyak diambil setiap 30 menit dari setiap  minyak yang dipanaskan. Kandungan ß-karoten, FFA, dan bilangan peroksida pada setiap sampel dievaluasi. Data yang diperoleh dituangkan secara gra- fis untuk analisa lebih lanjut. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan kandungan ß-karoten minyak sawit merah mengalami penurunan tajam selama tiga jam pertama pemanasan, khususnya pada minyak yang dipanaskan pada suhu 180°C. Selain itu, lama pemanasan selama 10 jam mengakibatkan terhadap turunnya kadar FFA serta penurunan bilangan peroksida,  khususnya pada minyak yang mengalami pemanasan lebih dari 150°C.
Rancang Bangun dan Uji Kelayakan Finansial Alat Pengering Mekanis untuk Pemenuhan Pasokan Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes) sebagai Bahan Baku Kerajinan Kunto Purbono; Makhmudun Ainuri; Suryandono Suryandono
agriTECH Vol 30, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (925.003 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9677

Abstract

Mechanical dryer is needed to accomplishment of dry eichhornia crassipes materials and quality increasing of materi- als and eichhornia crassipes handicraft products. The research method used to design of mechanical dryer and feasi- bility test of technical, quality of materials result of draining, and finance. The result of the research was mechanical dryer of ‘cabinet dryer’ type which has dimension of length x width x height 120 x 120 x 208 (cm3), maximal capacity80 (kg/10hours) with wood coal fire source, and drying duration for 10 hours. The average highest of temperature per-formance was reached at chimney drying 50 (kg/10hours) capacity was 62,3 0C, with temperature distribution between62,95 0C-65,45 0C, the highest heat requirement was reached  by chimney dryer 80 (kg) capacity was 14.087,1 (kJ) with 36,753 % efficiency, 12,195 % moisture content, and 16,26397 (kg/hour) was needed for drying air. The maximum average of tensile strength was reached by chimney drying 50 (kg) capacity was 23,537 (N/mm2), while the maximum tensile strength in sun drying as 15,681 (N/mm2), eichhornia crassipes’s color most coming near to natural colour (green’s colour) at chimney drying was L 36, while the colour in sun drying at L 51, 89. Financially, with the analysis of incremental BCR was 1,015, analysis of NPV Rp. 2.569.148,31, IRR 39 %, BEP was reached after the drier has been producing 962,1 (kg)(s) or equivalent to cost Rp.5.291.288,30, so that mechanical dryer usage for drying of eichhornia crassipes can get good benefit.ABSTRAKAlat pengering mekanis diperlukan guna pemenuhan pasokan bahan baku eceng gondok kering dan peningkatan kuali- tas bahan dan produk kerajinan eceng gondok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu rancang bangun dan uji ke- layakan teknis, kualitas bahan hasil pengeringan, dan finansial. Hasil penelitian, alat pengering mekanis tipe cabinet dryer, dengan dimensi panjang x lebar x tinggi, 120 x 120 x 208 (cm3), kapasitas maksimal 80 (kg/10jam), bahan bakar arang kayu, dan waktu pengeringan 10 (jam). Rerata capaian suhu pengeringan tertinggi dicapai pada pengeringan cerobong dengan kapasitas 50 (kg/10jam) sebesar 62,3 0C, dengan sebaran suhu antara 62,95 0C-65,45 0C, kebutuhan kalor tertinggi dicapai pada pengeringan cerobong kapasitas 80 (kg) sebesar 14.087,1 (kJ) dengan efisiensi 36,753%, kadar air 12,195 %, kebutuhan udara pengering 16,26397 (kg/jam).  Rerata kekuatan tarik terbesar dicapai pada pengeringan cerobong kapasitas 50 (kg) sebesar 23,537 (N/mm2), sedang kekuatan tarik hasil penjemuran hanya sebesar 15,681 (N/mm2), warna paling mendekati alami (kehijauan) terdapat pada hasil proses pengeringan cerobong kapasitas 50 (kg) yaitu L 36,39; sedang warna hasil penjemuran L 51,89. Secara finansial, dengan analisis incremental BCR didapat angka 1,015, analisis NPV Rp. 2.569.148,31, IRR 39 %, dan BEP dicapai setelah alat memproduksi eceng gondok kering 962,1 (kg), atau telah menghasilkan Rp. 5.291.288,30, sehingga pemakaian alat pengering mekanis untuk pengeringan eceng gondok sangat menguntungkan.
Perbaikan Kinerja Supply Chain Perusahaan Keripik Singkong Berdasarkan Analisis Product Availability Parama Tirta Wulandari Wening Kusuma; Kuncoro Harto Widodo; Didik Purwadi
agriTECH Vol 30, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (738.687 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9678

Abstract

Level of the product availability becomes a problem at the company, because of the fluctuation and the uncertainty of demand from the consumer and happened when the company determined the cycle service level which is the indica- tor of supply chain performance in fulfilling the availability of the product and avoiding either stock out or over stock in replenishment cycle. This research was conducted at UD As-Salam. The aim was to improve supply chain perfor- mance through determining the optimal cycle service level of product availability. Therefore, it was needed to set up the optimal level of product availability to optimize the profit. There were some steps that were taken in this research: determining the optimal cycle service level, optimal order size, expected profit, and sensitivity analysis between optimal cycle service level and expected profit. The result showed that the cost of under stocking and over stocking were 4,144 rupiahs and 6,573 rupiahs, respectively. The optimal cycle service level was 63 % with optimal order size was 2,842 kgs/month. This value improves the company’s profit in the amount of 11,043,570 rupiahs. The improvement of supply chain performance based on product availability analysis could increase profit up to 127,891 rupiahs.ABSTRAKLevel ketersediaan produk menjadi permasalahan pada objek penelitian ini karena adanya fluktuasi dan ketidak- pastian permintaan dari konsumen yang timbul ketika pelaku usaha telah menentukan cycle service level. Hal ini menjadi indikator kinerja supply chain dalam memenuhi ketersediaan produk dan menghindari kekurangan stok atau- pun kelebihan stok di siklus replenishment. Penelitian dilakukan di UD As-Salam, dan bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kinerja supply chain dari sisi product availability. Perlu ditetapkan optimal level of product availability agar mampu mengoptimalkan profit. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan penentuan optimal cycle service level, optimal order size, expected profit, dan analisis sensitivitas terhadap optimal cycle service level dengan expected profit. Hasil peneli- tian menunjukan bahwa nilai cost of understocking adalah Rp 4.144,00 dan cost of overstocking adalah Rp 6.573,00. Nilai optimal cycle service level dapat dicapai pada level 63% dengan optimal order size 2.842 kg per bulan. Nilai ini mampu memberikan profit sebesar Rp 11.043.570,00. Peningkatan kinerja berdasarkan analisa product availability akan  memberikan peningkatan profit sebesar Rp 127.891,00 pada perusahaan.
Rancang Bangun Alat Ukur Konsentrasi Tanah Halus Dalam Air Berdasarkan Intensitas Cahaya Imam Sofi’i
agriTECH Vol 30, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (846.637 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9679

Abstract

Appropriate instrument to measure concentration of soil dissolved in water river is necessary. This problem is related with precaution of soil erosion. River water that containing soil due to erosion affects its light intensity, river water containing a lot of soil is darker compared to water with few soil. At present soil mass in water due to erosion is measured through sedimentation in the laboratory which is not practical. The objective of this research is to (1) make model measuring instrument of concentration soil dissolved in water based on light intensity using photodiode sensor ( 2) Test performance of instrument made to predict soil concentration. Method is used by making electronic equip- ments utilizing photodiode as light sensor. Three photodiodes were used and placed at top, middle and under test tube to catch light. Light source used was lamp of LED infra red. Material that will be tested was placed between sensor and LED lamp. Therefore the light accepted by sensor will be influenced by mixture concentration of soil water. The design result indicates that instrument made is applicable to measure light intensity change. To obtain concentration level of soil water mixture is carried out by converting the results with equation of regression have been obtained from experiment data.ABSTRAKPengetahuan praktis untuk mengetahui besarnya konsentrasi tanah yang terlarut dalam air sungai sangat diperlu- kan. Hal ini berkaitan dengan tindakan pencegahan. Air sungai yang mengandung lumpur akibat erosi menunjukkan perubahan tingkat intensitas, yaitu air sungai yang banyak mengandung lumpur berwarna lebih gelap dibandingkan dengan air yang mengandung sedikit lumpur. Saat ini penentuan massa partikel tanah hasil erosi dilakukan di labo- ratorium dengan cara sedimentasi sehingga kurang praktis. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk (1). Membuat model alat ukur konsentrasi tanah halus yang larut dalam air berdasarkan perbedaan intensitas cahaya menggunakan photo- dioda (2). Menguji kinerja alat yang dibuat dalam memprediksi konsentrasi tanah. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan membuat peralatan elektronik menggunakan photodioda sebagai sensor cahaya. Photodioda yang digunakan ada 3 buah yang diletakkan pada bagian atas, tengah dan bawah untuk menangkap cahaya. Sumber cahaya yang di- gunakan adalah lampu LED infra merah. Bahan yang akan diuji diletakkan diantara sensor dan lampu LED. Dengan demikian maka cahaya yang diterima oleh sensor akan dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi campuran air dan tanah. Hasil rancangan menunjukkan bahwa alat yang dibuat dapat digunakan untuk mengukur perubahan intensitas cahaya. Untuk mendapatkan besarnya konsentrasi tanah maka dilakukan dengan mengkonversinya menggunakan persamaan regresi yang telah diperoleh dari data percobaan.
Sistem Informasi Teknologi Inovasi untuk Mendukung Pengembangan Agroindustri di Kawasan Lahan Pantai Lilik Sutiarso; Sigit Supadmo Arif; P. Tamtomo; Riki Andika
agriTECH Vol 30, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1998.88 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9680

Abstract

Recently, the main challenge in the development of agricultural industry sector is the limited presence of the natural resources of agriculture, both in quantity and quality aspects. One of the natural resources that significantly degrade is an agricultural land area. The research was conducted for identifying the capacity of coastal area as one of the natural resources to support development of an agro-industry through introducing agricultural innovation technology.  In this stage, outputs of the research were an information system for managing those innovation technologies and profile of the farming system in coastal area.Research mechanisms include: (i) identification of system parameters through field observations, (ii) preparation of model development system, (iii) development of software-based GIS, (iv) validation and verification of systems with field data acquisition, and (v) standardization system. The developed model was tested in three districts in Province Yogyakarta, namely (i) Bantul, (ii) Kulon Progo and (iii) Gunungkidul.ABSTRAKTantangan utama dalam pembangunan industri pertanian adalah semakin terbatasnya keberadaan sumberdaya alam pertanian, baik dalam aspek kualitas maupun kuantitasnya. Salah satu sumberdaya alam yang secara signifikan men- galami degradasi eksistensinya yaitu lahan pertanian. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan sumberdaya lahan pantai dalam mendukung pengembangan agroindustri melalui introduksi berbagai teknologi ino- vasi bidang pertanian. Dalam tahapan ini, keluaran dari hasil penelitian merupakan sistem informasi yang bertujuan untuk mengelola teknologi inovasi tersebut yang disertai dengan profil usaha tani di wilayah lahan pantai.Mekanisme penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi; (i) identifikasi parameter sistem melalui observasi lapangan, (ii) pe- nyusunan model pengembangan sistem, (iii) pengembangan perangkat lunak sistem informasi yang berbasis GIS, (iv) validasi dan verifikasi sistem dengan pengambilan data lapangan, dan (v) pembakuan sistem. Uji coba sistem diaplikasikan di tiga kabupaten yang ada di Prop. DIY, yaitu (i) Kab. Bantul, (ii) Kab, Kulon Progo dan (iii) Kab. Gunungkidul.
Sistem Dinamis Industri Furniture Indonesia dari Perspektif Supply Chain Management yang Berkelanjutan Kuncoro Harto Widodo; Kharies Pramudya Dwi Arbita; Aang Abdullah
agriTECH Vol 30, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1233.5 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9681

Abstract

This research aims to predict and describe the sustainability of Indonesian furniture development by considering 3 as- pects: economical revenue, social, and envieronment, as the main aspects in a sustainable supply chain. This research was started by identifying the basic model of supply chain of furniture industry. We, then, identified the potency and weaknesses from either internal or external, by using SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, threat) analysis. We used modeling and simulation to describe the system behaviour. The result showed the characteristics of this industry is un- certainty on consumer demand and that the industry depends on the availability of raw material from forest. There is a lack in supply in the average amount of 3.386.282 m3. The development of furniture industry needs to consider more the aspect of sustainability. Forest destruction is one of the parameters of environmental aspect, in which the decreasing rate of natural production forest and overall forest are 61,982 ha and 51,820 ha per year, respectively. Furthermore, as one of the economical aspects, the economical revenue achieved by this industry tends to constant. On the other hand, this industry can meet the consumer demand, representing the social aspect.ABSTRAKPerlu ada kajian untuk melihat dan memprediksi keberlanjutan pengembangan industri furniture Indonesia dengan melihat kepada 3 aspek, yaitu aspek ekonomi, aspek sosial dan aspek lingkungan, sebagai aspek utama dalam pengem- bangan supply chain management yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini diawali dengan identifikasi model dasar supply chain industri furniture. Selanjutnya, digambarkan potensi dan kelemahan yang ada, baik secara internal maupun ek- sternal, dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, threat). Untuk melihat perilaku sistem dilakukan pemodelan dan simulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik industri furniture adalah ketidakpastian permintaan konsumen dan sangat tergantung pada kondisi hutan untuk menjamin ketersediaan pasokan kayu. Setiap tahun terjadi kekurangan pasokan rata-rata sebesar 3.386.282 m3 dibandingkan kebutuhannya. Pengem- bangan industri furniture masih kurang memperhatikan aspek keberlanjutan. Kerusakan hutan menjadi salah satu pa- rameter keberlanjutan aspek lingkungan dimana tingkat penurunan luas hutan produksi alam dan hutan keseluruhan berturut-turut adalah sebesar 61.982 ha dan 51.820 ha. Selain itu, dari aspek ekonomi, pendapatan (revenue) yang bisa dicapai oleh industri furniture cenderung tidak mengalami peningkatan. Di sisi lain, industri furniture Indonesia cukup baik dalam memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen, sebagai indikator aspek sosial.
Pengaruh Suhu Ekstraksi terhadap Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia dan Sensoris Minyak Wijen (Sesamum Indicum L.) Sri Handajani; Godras Jati Manuhara; R. Baskara Katri Anandito
agriTECH Vol 30, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (792.433 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9682

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of extraction temperature (40oC, 45oC and 50oC) on physical (re- fractive index, specific gravity and viscosity), chemical characteristics (water concentration, free fatty acid, iodine value, peroxide value, saponification value and compositions of fatty acid), antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation (color, odor, appearance and overall) of virgin sesame oil (VSO). Raw material used in this study was sesame seeds of Sumberrejo 1 variety from Sukoharjo Central Java. The result showed that extraction temperature produced differ- ent characteristics of  VSO. Optimum extraction temperature was found at 45oC with the highest yield (38,8%), water concentration (0.206%), free fatty acids (1,453%), iodine value (90,174), peroxide value (7,608 meq/g), saponification value (188,909), composition of fatty acid according to Indonesian Standard for sesame oil, carotene (48,70 ppm), tocopherol (505,25 ppm), antioxidant activity (19,09) and the sensory characteristic was accepted by consumers.ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh suhu ekstraksi (40oC, 45oC dan 50oC) terhadap sifat fisik (indeks refraksi, berat jenis, dan viskositas), kimia (kadar air, asam lemak bebas, angka iod, angka peroksida, angka penyabunan, dan komposisi asam lemak), aktivitas antioksidan, dan sensori (warna, bau, kenampakan, dan keseluru- han) dari virgin sesame oil (VSO). Bahan baku yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah biji wijen varietas Sum- berrejo I dari Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suhu ekstraksi yang berbeda men- ghasilkan sifat-sifat VSO yang berbeda pula. Suhu 45oC merupakan suhu ekstraksi optimum dengan rendemen 38,8 %; kadar air 0,206 %; asam lemak bebas 1,453 %; angka iod 90,174; angka peroksida 7,608 meq/g; angka penyabunan188,909; karoten 48,70 ppm; tokoferol 505,25 ppm; aktivitas antioksidan 19,09; dan hasil sensori yang diterima olehkonsumen.
Fermentasi Asam Asetat dengan Sel Amobil Acetobacter pasteurianus INT-7 dengan Variasi Ph Awal dan Kadar Etanol Sri Luwihana; Kapti Rahayu Kuswanto; Endang Sutriswati Rahayu; Slamet Sudarmadji
agriTECH Vol 30, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1073.07 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9683

Abstract

The objective of this study was the optimation condition of acetic acid fermentation by Acetobacter pasteurianus INT-7 immobilized cells. In this study cells immobilized with initiate cell numbers 107 CFU/mL and in 3 % alginate solution, ratio of cells number and  alginate was 1:3 (v/v) and  immobilized cells were conditioned  in PGY growth medium supplemented with 2 % ethanol on shaker incubator 150 rpm 30 oC for 1 day and then washed twice with sterile aquad- est. Fermentation was done in YEPM (Yeast extract pepton malt) on  variation of initial pH (5,5; 6,0 and 6,5) and ethanol concentration (5,0; 7,5 and 10 % w/v)  on shaker incubator 150 rpm, 30 oC for 10 days long. The acetic acid production and the cell numbers were monitoring for 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 days fermentation. The result showed that the optimum condition for acetic acid production by immobilized cells of A. pasteurianus  INT-7 were initial pH 6,0; ethanol concentration 7,5 % w/v for 7 days fermentation. The immobilization cells could be increase  the resistency of ethanol and  prolong to achieve of the  optimal fermentation time. The acetic acid production of the fermentation by immobilized cell was 35,81 g/L and 16,29 g/L by free cell, the theoritical efficiency of immobilized  cell and free cell were (36,73 %) and (16,17 %) respectively.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kondisi optimum fermentasi dengan sel amobil dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan sel bebas. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pembuatan sel amobil dengan jumlah sel awal 107  CFU/mL, larutan alginat 3 %, ratio jumlah sel dan alginat 1:3 (v/v) dan pengkondisian sel amobil pada media pertumbuhan PGY-2 % etanol (pepton glucose yeast extract) pada inkubator goyang 150 rpm, 30 oC selama 1 hari. Sel amobil yang sudah dikondisikan dicuci 2 kali dengan akuades steril dan siap digunakan untuk  fermentasi menggunakan media YEPM (yeast extract pepton malt) dengan variasi pH awal (5,5;6,0 dan 6,5), kadar etanol (5,0; 7,5 dan 10 % b/v) dan waktu fermentasi pada inkubator goyang 150 rpm, 30 oC selama 10 hari. Pengukuran produksi asam asetat dan jumlah sel dilakukan pada hari 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 dan 10 hari. Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa  kondisi  optimum fermentasi dengan  sel amobil adalah pH awal media 6,0; kadar etanol 7,5 % suhu 30 oC selama 7 hari. Penggunaan sel amobil dalam fermentasi asam asetat dapat meningkatkan resistensi  etanol  dan  waktu  optimum fermentasi dicapai lebih lama. Fermentasi dengan sel amobil Acetobacter pasteurianus INT-7 pada kondisi optimum menghasilkan asam asetat sebesar 35,81 g/L dan 16,29 g/L pada fermentasi dengan sel bebas. Efisiensi fermentasi dengan sel amobil (36,73 %) lebih besar daripada sel bebas (16,17 %).

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