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agriTECH

agritech
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02160455 EISSN : 25273825 DOI : 10.22146/agritech

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Agritech with registered number ISSN 0216-0455 (print) and ISSN 2527-3825 (online) is a scientific journal that publishes the results of research in the field of food and agricultural product technology, agricultural and bio-system engineering, and agroindustrial technology. This journal is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies (PATPI).

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 1,392 Documents

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Kapasitas Antioksidan Buah Salak (Salacca edulis REINW) Kultivar Pondoh, Nglumut dan Bali Serta Korelasinya dengan Kadar Fenolik Total dan Vitamin C Setyaningrum Arivianti; Nur Her Riyadi Parnanto
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Indonesia is rich in various superior cultivar of snake fruit such as Pondoh, Nglumut and Bali with increasing in production year by year. However, exploration of Indonesian snake fruit related to snake fruit’s potential as natural antioxidant source has not been done much yet. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine the effect of snake fruit cultivar and solvent polarity to the antioxidant capacity (radical DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power) and bioactive compounds content (total phenol and ascorbic acid), (2) investigating the correlation between antioxidant capacity of snake fruit toward its total phenolic and ascorbic acid content. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, those are cultivars (Pondoh, Nglumut and Bali) and solvents (ethanol and water). The research showed that Nglumut and Bali cultivars had no differences in DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and ascorbic acid content, although they were significantly higher than on Pondoh cultivar. The reducing power of Nglumut cultivar was significantly higher than that of in Bali and Pondoh cultivars. Ethanol extract had significantly higher antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and ascorbic acid content than that of water extract. Each snake fruit cultivar had significantly strong correlation value between antioxidant capacity and its total phenolic content (r = 0.83 – 0.97, p<0.01) and its ascorbic acid content ( r = 0.77 – 0.95, p<0.01)ABSTRAKIndonesia kaya akan beragam kultivar salak unggul seperti salak Pondoh, Nglumut dan Bali dengan jumlah produksi yang semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Meskipun demikian, eksplorasi buah salak di Indonesia terkait dengan potensinya sebagai sumber antioksidan alami belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kultivar dan kepolaran pelarut ekstraksi terhadap kapasitas antioksidan (aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH dan reducing power) dan kadar komponen bioaktif (fenolik total dan vitamin C) buah salak. Penelitian ini juga mengkaji korelasi antara kapasitas antioksidan buah salak terhadap kadar fenolik total dan vitamin C. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu jenis kultivar (Pondoh, Nglumut dan Bali) dan jenis pelarut (etanol dan air). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salak kultivar Nglumut dan Bali memiliki kadar fenolik total, kadar vitamin C dan aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH yang tidak berbeda nyata namun secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibanding kultivar Pondoh. Reducing power salak kultivar Nglumut secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibanding kultivar Bali maupun Pondoh. Ekstrak etanol salak memiliki kadar fenolik total, vitamin C dan kapasitas antioksidan yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak air. Setiap kultivar salak memiliki korelasi yang nyata antara kapasitas antioksidan dengan kadar fenolik total (r = 0.83 – 0.97, p<0.01) maupun kadar vitamin C ( r = 0.77 – 0.95, p<0.01)

Efek Pemberian Buah Jambu Biji Merah terhadap Produksi Scfa dan Kolesterol dalam Caecum Tikus Hiperkolesterolemia Sugeng Maryanto; Siti Fatimah; Sugiri Sugiri; Yustinus Marsono
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Red guava fruit has high soluble fiber (pectin) and vitamin C content. Soluble fiber has a hypocholesterolemic effect. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of red guava fuits supplementation on the SCFA (short chain fatty acid) production and cholesterol content in caecum, to explain the mechanism of red guava on the blood cholesterol reduction. The study was a randomized pre test-post test control group design on the hypercholesterolemic Sprague Dawley rats given a high-cholesterol feed. Rats were divided into 4 groups, receiving normal feed, hypercholesterol feed only, hypercholesterol feed + 0,72 g of red guava flour and hypercholesterol feed + 0,26 g pectin equal to that in red guava flour. Caecum digestion products beeing examined were SCFA (short chain fatty acids) analysed by gas chromatography and cholesterol by Liebermann-Burchard method using a spectrophotometer. Data were analysed with 95% of level confidence one way Anova. The high SCFA and cholesterol concentrations in the rats caecum were found on the red guava supplementation groups and was significantly different from pectin suplemented group. The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and caecum cholesterol were 18.9 mg/g, 7.8 mg/g, 2.4 mg/g, and 0.54 mg/g, compared to with pectin were 19.3 %M, 21.4 %M, 19.7 %M and 0.46 mg/g, respectively. The propionic acid caecum production and cholesterol excretion shown that to lower serum cholesterol. Red guava supplementation produced propionic acid and high cholesterol excretion as found in the caecum.ABSTRAKBuah jambu biji merah memiliki kandungan serat khususnya serat larut air (pektin) yang tinggi. Serat larut air di dalam tubuh bersifat hipokolesterolemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian buah jambu biji merah terhadap produksi SCFA (short chain fatty acid) dan kolesterol digesta caecum serta mengkaji mekanisme penurunan kolesterol akibat pemberian buah jambu biji merah pada tikus hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental murni dengan rancangan randomized pre test-post test control group design terhadap tikus Sprague Dawley yang dibuat hiperkolesterolemia. Tikus dibagi dalam 4 kelompok, kelompok 1 diberi pakan standar, kelompok 2,3 dan 4 semua diberi pakan tinggi kolesterol. Kelompok 3 dan 4 masing-masing ditambah tepung buah jambu biji merah 0,72 g dan pektin 0,26 g setara dengan yang terkandung tepung buah jambu biji. Pemeriksaan digesta caecum meliputi kadar SCFA (short chain fatty acid) menggunakan kromatografi gas, serta kadar kolesterol dengan metode Liebermann-Burchard menggunakan spektrofotometer. Analisis data menggunakan Anova dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Pemberian buah jambu biji merah pada tikus hiperkolesterolemia terbukti secara bermakna menghasilkan SCFA asam asetat 42,9 %M; asam propionat 36,5 %M dan asam butirat 43,8 %M serta kolesterol caecum 0,54 mg/g. Hasil ini lebih tinggi dibandingankan dengan pektin yaitu asetat 19,3 %M; asam propionat 21,4 %M dan asam butirat 19,7%M serta kolesterol caecum 0,46 mg/g, dan berbeda secara bermakna antara kelompok jambu biji dan pektin. Produksi asam propionat dan ekskresi kolesterol caecum dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kolesterol serum. Pemberian buah jambu biji merah terbukti menghasilkan asam propionat dan meningkatkan ekskresi kolesterol dalam caecum.

Pengaruh Sifat Fisik Tanah pada Konduktivitas Hidrolik Jenuh di 5 Penggunaan Lahan (Studi Kasus di Kelurahan Sumbersari Malang) ) Elsa Rosyidah; Ruslan Wirosoedarmo
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Water movement in saturated soil will affect runoff and infiltration in an area, while water movement in soil processes influenced by soil physical properties. Changes in land use affect the soil physical properties. Changes in land use and differences in the nature of land which includes land use previously existing vegetation into land that does not exist or lack of vegetation resulted in infiltration and percolation rate be changed on the ground and allow the process of infiltration of large, causing the decrease in recharge areas direct rainwater and decrease the availability of ground water. Measurement of water movement in saturated soil conditions or soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (SHC) is very important because SHC role in determining water runoff, infiltration and percolation. The research aimed to know the value of saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil in different land use by using the constant head method and the physical properties of soil including soil texture, weight, density, and porosity in the five land use on three different soil depths. Research conducted in the area Sumbersari in December 2008 until October 2009. Research effect of soil physical properties on using constant head method on five land use is residential population (T1), field (T2), garden tomatoes (T3), shrubs (T4), irrigated rice field (T5) at three different depths ie 0-15 cm (K1), 15-30 cm (K2), and 30-45 cm (K3). The physical properties of soil analyzed include soil texture, weight, density, porosity, and soil moisture content. Results showed that the highest SHC value at all points of location is the location of irrigated rice fields with a depth of 30-45 cm. The main factor affecting the value of SHC is the weight value. Soil physical properties that influence the value of SHC is the soil texture and soil porosity. The results SHC recommended as a reference for land use conditions and other locations with similar soil physical properties.ABSTRAKPergerakan air dalam tanah jenuh akan mempengaruhi limpasan dan infiltrasi pada suatu daerah, sedangkan proses pergerakan air dalam tanah dipengaruhi oleh sifat-sifat fisik tanah. Perubahan penggunaan lahan sangat mempengaruhi sifat-sifat fisik tanah. Perubahan penggunaan lahan dan perbedaan sifat – sifat dasar tanah yang meliputi alih fungsi lahan yang semula ada vegetasi menjadi lahan yang tak ada atau minim vegetasi mengakibatkan laju infiltrasi dan perkolasi pada tanah menjadi berubah dan memungkinkan terjadinya proses infiltrasi yang cukup besar, menyebabkan semakin berkurangnya daerah resapan air hujan secara langsung dan penurunan ketersediaan air tanah. Pengukuran pergerakan air dalam tanah kondisi jenuh atau Konduktivitas Hidrolik Jenuh tanah (KHJ) sangat penting karena KHJ berperan dalam penentuan limpasan air, infiltrasi, dan perkolasi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya nilai konduktivitas hidrolik jenuh tanah di berbagai penggunaan lahan dengan menggunakan metode constant head dan sifat fisik tanah meliputi tekstur tanah, berat isi, berat jenis, dan porositas di 5 penggunaan lahan pada 3 kedalaman tanah yang berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di area Kelurahan Sumbersari pada bulan Desember 2008 hingga bulan Oktober 2009. Penelitian pengaruh sifat fisik tanah terhadap KHJ dengan menggunakan metode constant head pada 5 penggunaan lahan yaitu pemukiman penduduk (T1), lapangan (T2), kebun tomat (T3), semak belukar (T4), sawah irigasi (T5) pada 3 kedalaman yang berbeda yaitu 0-15 cm (K1), 15-30 cm (K2), dan 30-45 cm (K3). Sifat fisik tanah yang dianalisis antara lain tekstur tanah, berat isi, berat jenis, porositas, dan kadar air tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai KHJ tertinggi pada seluruh titik lokasi adalah lokasi sawah irigasi dengan kedalaman 30-45 cm. Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi nilai KHJ adalah nilai berat isi. Sifat-sifat fisik tanah yang mempengaruhi nilai KHJ adalah tekstur tanah dan porositas tanah. Hasil penelitian direkomendasikan sebagai acuan KHJ penggunaan lahan lokasi lain dengan kondisi dan sifat fisik tanah yang sama.

Analisis Sistem Usahatani Terpadu di Lahan Pasang Surut untuk Mendukung Pengembangan Agroindustri Wilayah Rustan Massinai; Putu Sudira; Muhjidin Mawardi; Dwijono Hadi Darwanto
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Integrated farming system was directed to the efforts to lengthen biological cycle by optimizing the use of agriculture and livestock by-products. Each chain of cycle resulted a new product that has high economic value, so this system was expected to optimize the empowerment and use of marginal land in all regions. The objective of this research was to analyze integrated farming system in tidal swamp land to support agroindustry development in Pulang Pisau Regency of Central Kalimantan Province. This research was done with survey and interview method in Pulang Pisau Regency of Central Kalimantan Province. Primary data was collected from May 2011 to December 2011. The results showed that the management of agro-based enterprises integrated farming (rice, coffee and cattle) obtained by the BC Ratio = 1.09, (greater than 1), IRR = 16,7% greater than the rate bank interest rate (12%) and NPV values obtained for Rp 37,349,080 is positive (+), then the utilization of integrated agro-based farming in tidal land eligible to be developed. Agro-industry development opportunities based integrated farming in tidal land in the future have a chance to be applied in other areas, it can anticipate the growing number of people who have added each year.ABSTRAKSistem pertanian terpadu diarahkan pada upaya memperpanjang siklus biologis dengan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan hasil samping pertanian dan peternakan. Setiap mata rantai siklus menghasilkan produk baru yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi, sehingga dengan sistem ini diharapkan pemberdayaan dan pemanfaatan lahan marginal di seluruh daerah dapat lebih dioptimalkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem usahatani terpadu (Integrated Farming System) di lahan pasang surut untuk mendukung pengembangan agroindustri di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode survei dan wawancara di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2011 sampai dengan Desember 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan usaha agroindustri berbasis usahatani terpadu (padi, kopi dan ternak sapi) diperoleh nilai BC Ratio = 1,09 (lebih besar dari 1), IRR = 16,7% lebih besar dari nilai suku bunga bank (12%) dan nilai NPV diperoleh sebesar Rp 37.349.080 bernilai positif (+), maka pengusahaan agroindustri berbasis usahatani terpadu di lahan pasang surut layak untuk dikembangkan. Pengembangan agroindustri berbasis usahatani terpadu di lahan pasang surut ke depan memiliki peluang untuk diterapkan di daerah lain, hal ini dapat mengantisipasi pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk yang setiap tahunnya mengalami pertambahan.

Sebaran Lengas Tanah Akibat Pembuatan Lorong Pengatus Dangkal pada Tanah Sawah Siti Suharyatun; Bambang Purwantana; Abdul Rozaq; Muhjidin Mawardi
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Mole drainage is an alternative which can be used to increase the rate of soil moisture decrease in paddy soil at the end of the rainy season. By using mole drainage, the rate of soil moisture decrease goes up to a certain condition (from saturated to field capacity) which is suitable for early growth of crops. This study aimed at describing changes and distribution of soil moisture in paddy soil in which shallow mole drainage had been formed. Those changes and distribution were used to predict the rate of soil moisture decrease in paddy soil after mole drainage was formed. The study was conducted in the laboratory using a soil bin, a model of mole plough, and soils that was kept homogeneous in the boxes. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Energy and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Department, Gadjah Mada University. The mole drainage was installed in three paddy soils with different clay content, namely 13.12% (A), 41.17% (B) and 53.36% (C). Soil moisture content was measured periodically by using gypsum blocks. The results showed that the three types of soils in which shallow mole drainage was formed had different characteristics of soil moisture changes. The formation of mole drainage in soil with low clay content (A) had no effect for the declining rate of soil moisture. On the contrary, the shallow mole drainage formed in the soil with higher contents of clay B and C influenced the rate of soil moisture decrease. High rate of soil moisture decrease in the soil B and C occurred at the beginning of the formation of mole drainage and went on up to the 3th hours of observation. Based on the distribution of soil moisture at different points at some distances from the center of mole drainage and the equation of the rate of soil moisture decrease found in the experiment, it could be inferred that moles formed in soils B and C could be used as mole drainage and the rate of soil moisture decrease in soil C was cumulatively higher than in soil B.ABSTRAKLorong pengatus merupakan salah satu alternatif guna mengatasi lamanya masa tunggu tanam palawija di lahan sawah pada akhir musim penghujan akibat kadar lengas tanah yang terlalu tinggi. Lorong pengatus dibuat untuk mempercepat laju penurunan kadar lengas sehingga sesuai untuk pertumbuhan awal tanaman palawija. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perubahan dan sebaran lengas tanah yang terjadi akibat pembentukan lorong pengatus dangkal, untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu dasar memperhitungkan laju penurunan kadar lengas yang terjadi pada tanah sawah yang dibuat lorong pengatus. Penelitian dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan soil bin, model bajak lorong, dan tanah di dalam boks yang dijaga homogenitasnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Energi dan Mesin Pertanian, Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, FTP-UGM. Lorong pengatus dibuat pada 3 jenis tanah sawah dengan kadar lempung yang berbeda, yaitu 13,12% (tanah A), 41,17% (tanah B) dan 53,36% (tanah C). Pengukuran kadar lengas tanah dilakukan secara periodik menggunakan gypsum blok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga jenis tanah yang dibuat lorong pengatus mempunyai karakteristik perubahan lengas tanah yang berbeda, Pembentukan lorong pengatus pada tanah dengan kadar lempung rendah (tanah A) tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap laju penurunan lengas tanah, tetapi pada tanah dengan kadar lempung tinggi (tanah B dan C) berpengaruh terhadap laju penurunan lengas tanah. Laju penurunan lengas tanah kumulatif yang tinggi terjadi pada awal pembentukan lorong sampai 30 jam pasca pembentukan lorong. Dari distribusi lengas tanah pada jarak yang berbeda dari pusat lorong dan dari persamaan laju penurunan lengas hasil eksperimen, lorong yang dibuat pada tanah B dan C dapat berfungsi sebagai lorong pengatus. Peningkatan laju penurunan lengas tanah kumulatif tanah C lebih besar dibanding tanah B.

Pengaruh Berbagai Kecambah Kacang-Kacangan Lokal sebagai Bahan Dasar Meat Analog terhadap Sifat Fisik (Tekstur), Kesukaan dan Rasio Arginin/Lisin Bayu Kanetro; Sri Hartati Candra Dewi
agriTECH Vol 33, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The aims of this research were to determine the best of local legume sprout as raw material of meat analog, based on its texture, sensory (preference properties), and the ratio of arginine/lysine, compared to meat analog from soybean. Meat analogs were made of protein of local legumes sprout, which were velvet beans, cowpeas, and winged beans that had been germinated for 48, 36 and 24 hr respectively. The protein of velvet beans, cowpeas, and winged beans sprout for meat analog production were extracted at pH 9 and precipitated at pH 4, 5, and 5 respectively. Hence their products were analyzed the texture, the sensory properties (the hedonic scales of color, texture, odor, taste, and overall), and the ratio of arginine/lysine. The characteristics of meat analog from the legumes sprout were compared to meat analog from soybean for determination of the best legume sprout as raw material of meat analog. The result of this research showed the properties of meat analog from winged bean and cowpeas sprouts were better than velvet beans sprout. The meat analog from soybean was still better than meat analog from the local legumes sprout, especially its texture. The arginine content, that was known as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic component, of meat analog from cowpeas sprout was lower than meat analog from soybean, but its ratio of arginie/lysine was not signiﬁ cantly different. While the ratio of arginine/lysine of meat analog from the other legumes sprout were lower than meat analog from soybean. Therefore the meat analog from cowpeas sprout was chosen as the best product and was potential as functional food especially for reducing blood cholesterol.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan jenis kecambah kacang-kacangan lokal terbaik sebagai bahan baku kedelai berdasarkan tekstur, sifat sensoris, dan rasio arginin/lisin dibandingkan meat analog dari biji kedelai. Meat analog dibuat dari protein berbagai kecambah kacang-kacangan lokal, yaitu kacang kara benguk, tunggak, dan kecipir yang dikecambahkan berturut-turut selama 48, 36 dan 24 jam. Protein kecambah kacang kara benguk, tunggak dan kecipir untuk memproduksi meat analog diekstraksi pada pH 9, selanjutnya dipresipitasi berturut-turut pada pH 4, 5, dan 4. Produk-poduk yang diperoleh dianalisis tekstur, sifat sensoris (tingkat kesukaan terhadap warna, tekstur, bau, rasa dan keseluruhan), dan rasio arginin/lisin. Karakteristik meat analog dari berbagai kecambah kacang-kacangan lokal tersebut dibandingkan dengan meat analog dari biji kedelai untuk menentukan jenis kecambah terbaik sebagai bahan dasar meat analog. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik meat analog kecambah kacang tunggak dan kecipir lebih baik dibandingkan meat analog dari kecambah kara benguk. Meat analog dari biji kedelai masih lebih baik daripada meat analog dari kecambah kacang-kacangan, khususnya teksturnya. Kandungan arginin yang diketahui sebagai komponen hipokolesterolemik dan hipoglisemik pada meat analog kecambah kacang tunggak ternyata lebih rendah daripada meat analog kedelai, tetapi rasio arginin/lisinnya tidak berbeda nyata. Sedangkan rasio arginin/lisin meat analog dari kecambah kacang-kacangan lainnya lebih rendah daripada meat analog dari biji kedelai. Oleh karena itu meat analog dari kecambah kacang tunggak dipilih sebagai produk terbaik dan berpotensi sebagai pangan fungsional utamanya untuk menurunkan kolesterol darah.

Potensi Hipolipidemik Polisakarida Larut Air Umbi Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) pada Tikus Hiperlipidemia Herlina Herlina; Harijono Harijono; Achmad Subagio; Teti Estiasih
agriTECH Vol 33, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

This study aimed to determine the hypolipidemic effect of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP) of gembili tuber directly extracted with water (WSPc) and WSP, which was extracted with deproteinase process using protease enzymes from Aspergillus oryzae (WSPd). WSPc and WSPd were given to male wistar rats aged 2-3 month were analyzed at total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol (Low Density Lipoprotein), HDL cholesterol (High Density Lipoprotein), digesta pH and SCFA (Short Chain Fatty Acid) of rat caecum digesta. The study was conducted for 4 weeks, rats were divided into 3 groups: control, WSPc and WSPd. Each group consisted of 6 rats, each group of rats was fed the same of the standard AIN-93M diet. WSPc and WSPd were given every day by forced feeding method at dose of 40 mg/100g weight of rats. A nested experimental design was employed in the experiment. The results showed that the deproteinase process using Aspergillus oryzae protease 0.05% could reduce the protein levels of WSP gembili tuber 49.6%. PLAd was more potent hypolipidemic with WSPc and control. Giving WSPd during testing in rats can reduce the total cholesterol (52.92%), triglycerides (40.8%), LDL cholesterol (92,98%) and increased HDL cholesterol (46.95%). Fermentation of WSP in rats caecum produce SCFA in the form of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek hipolipidemik polisakarida larut air (PLA) umbi gembili yang diekstrak langsung dengan air (PLAc) dan PLA yang diekstrak dengan proses deproteinasi menggunakan enzim protease dari Aspergillus oryzae (PLAd). PLAc dan PLAd diberikan pada tikus wistar jantan umur 2-3 bulan untuk diuji kolesterol total, trigliserida, kolesterol LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), kolesterol HDL (High Density Lipoprotein), pH digesta, dan SCFA digesta caecum tikus. Penelitian dilakukan selama 4 minggu pengujian, 18 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu: perlakuan kontrol, PLAc dan PLAd. Setiap kelompok terdiri dari 6 ekor tikus, masing-masing kelompok tikus diberi ransum yang sama yaitu diet standar AIN-93M. Pemberian PLAc dan PLAd dilakukan setiap hari selama pengujian dengan bantuan alat sonde (force feeding) dengan dosis 40 mg/100g berat tikus. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan rancangan percobaan Rancangan tersarang (Nested Design). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses deproteinasi menggunakan protease Aspergillus oryzae 0,05% dapat mengurangi kadar protein PLA umbi gembili sebesar 49,6 %. PLAd lebih berpotensi sebagai hipolipidemik dibandingkan dengan PLAc dan kontrol. Pemberian PLAd umbi gembili selama pengujian pada tikus hiperlipidemia dapat menurunkan kolesterol total (52,92%), trigliserida (40,8%), kolesterol LDL (92,98%) dan peningkatan kolesterol HDL(46,95%). Hasil fermentasi PLA umbi gembili dalam caecum tikus menghasilkan SCFA (short chain fatty acid) berupa asam asetat, propionat dan butirat.

Karakter Oleoresin Pala (Myristica Fragrans Houtt) yang Dimikroenkapsulasi: Penentuan Rasio Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC):Maltodekstrin (MD) Muhammad Assagaf; Pudji Hastuti; Chusnul Hidayat; Sri Yuliani; Supriyadi Supriyadi
agriTECH Vol 33, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The aim of this study was to determine the best ratio of the encapsulant mixture whey protein concentrate (WPC):maltodextrin (MD) for microencapsulation of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) oleoresin. In this study encapsulant used was a mixture of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and maltodextrin (MD) various from (0-24%) and (100-76%) respectively total solids of 20%. The ratio of nutmeg oleoresin and encapsulant was 1:9. The emulsion of encapsulant and oleoresin was dried using a spray dryer inlet temperature 160°C and feed rate of 300 ml/h. Microcapsules produced were analyzed to determine the characters such as microcapsules surface oil, total volatile, non-volatile, moisture content, water activity, the composition of oleoresin before and after microencapsulation as well as microcapsule morphology. The results showed that the microcapsules of nutmeg oleoresin made from encapsulant formula with ratio of WPC MD (1:7,3) or a mixture of 12% WPC and 88% MD, gave microcapsules with lowest surface oil (0.16%) and highest total volatile (26.7%) among other formulas. The average moisture content was 3.4% (db) the water activity between various 0.29 to 0.41 and particle size between 1.39 to 56.6 μm. It can be concluded that from surface oil and total volatile that the most suitable encapsulant for microencapsulation of nutmeg oleoresin was mixture of 12% of WPC and 88% of MD. The 47 components of oleoresin were identiﬁ ed before encapsulated, while after encapsulation into 34 components.ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah penentuan rasio campuran enkapsulan whey protein concentrate (WPC):maltodekstrin (MD) yang terbaik dalam pembuatan oleoresin pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) yang dimikroenkapsulasi. Pada penelitian ini enkapsulan yang digunakan adalah campuran WPC dan MD dengan berbagai rasio WPC (0-24%) dan MD (100-76%), yang diformulasikan dalam 7 formula enkapsulan. Suspensi campuran WPC dan MD dalam air diatur pada total padatan 20%. Emulsi enkapsulan dan oleoresin dengan rasio oleoresin pala dan enkapsulan yaitu 1:9 dikeringkan dengan menggunakan pengering semprot pada suhu inlet 160C dengan laju alir umpan 300 ml/jam. Mikrokapsul yang dihasilkan dianalisis karakternya yang meliputi surface oil, total volatil, non volatil, kadar air, aktivitas air, komponen penyusun oleoresin sebelum dan setelah mikroenkapsulasi serta morfologi mikrokapsulnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikrokapsul oleoresin pala yang dibuat dengan enkapsulan rasio WPC:MD (1:7,3) atau WPC 12% + MD 88%, menghasilkan mikrokapsul dengan surface oil yang rendah (0,16%) dan total volatil yang lebih tinggi (26,7%) dibanding formula lainnya. Sedangkan kadar air rata-rata 3,4% (bk) dengan nilai aktivitas air antara 0,29-0,41 dan ukuran partikel antara 1,39-56,6 μm. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa mikrokapsul oleoresin pala yang terbaik adalah mikrokapsul yang terbuat dari campuran enkapsulan WPC 12% dengan indikator rendahnya surface oil dan tingginya total volatil, non volatil dan ekstrak eter. Komponen penyusun oleoresin sebelum enkapsulasi yang teridentiﬁ kasi sebanyak 47 senyawa sedangkan dari oleoresin yang dimikroenkapsulasi teridentiﬁ kasi 34 senyawa.

Efektivitas Mikroemulsi O/W dengan Surfaktan Non Ionik dalam Menghambat Fotooksidasi Vitamin C pada Model Minuman Lutfi Suhendra; Sri Raharjo; Pudji Hastuti; Chusnul Hidayat
agriTECH Vol 33, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The objective of this study was to obtain the effectiveness of oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion using nonionic surfactans to improve the stability and inhibit the deterioration rate of vitamin C in beverage model systems caused by photooxidation. O/W microemulsions were formulated with oil-surfactan ratio (15:85 v/v), with surfactant mixture consisting of Tween 80:Span 80:Tween 20 = 92:5.5:2.5 (% v/v) and water content 65%. O/W microemulsions were subjected to stability towards pH and dilution. The dilution were done by dilute microemulsions with water and citrate buffer (pH: 3.5; 4.5 and water pH 6.5) with proportion 1:1, 1:9 and 1:99. The microemulsios were tested the stability on heating treatment at 105 °C for 5 hours and during storage for 8 weeks at room temperature. The baverage models were vitamin C solution (450 mg/L, citric acid (1%) and sucrose (6%). The o/w microemulsions added in the beverage models were microemulsion that had been diluted 50 and 100 times with water pH 6.5. The beverage model was added with 5 ppm erythrosin as sensitizer and without erythrosin as control. The models were exposed to ﬂ ourescent light with an intensity of 2000 lux. Vitamin C concentration was mesured by the method of riboﬂ avin-sensitized photodynamic UV spectrophotometry every 2 hours. The o/w microemulsion was stable at pH 3.5 to 6.5 and dilution (1:1, 1:9, and 1:99), heating and storage. The o/w microemulsions which were diluted 100 times effectively increased the stability of vitamin C, but the o/w microemulsions diluted 50 times was more efective to inhibit the rate of distruction of vitamin C due to photooxidation in beverage model.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh efektivitas mikroemulsi o/w dengan surfaktan non ionik untuk meningkatkan stabilitas dan menghambat laju kerusakan vitamin C akibat fotooksidasi pada model minuman. Mikroemulsi oil-inwater (o/w) dibentuk dari campuran minyak–surfaktan (15:85 v/v) dengan perbandingan surfaktan Tween 80:Span 80:Tween 20 = 92:5,5: 2,5 (% v/v) dengan kadar air 65%. Mikroemulsi o/w diuji stabilitas terhadap pH dan pengenceran dengan cara mengencerkan mikroemulsi dengan media air dan buffer sitrat (pH: 3,5; 4,5 dan aquades pH 6,5) dengan proporsi 1:1. 1:9 dan 1:99, selanjutnya mikroemulsi o/w yang telah dilakukan pengenceran dengan pH berbeda ini diuji stabilitasnya pada pemanasan 105 °C selama 5 jam dan stabilitas penyimpanan selama 8 minggu pada suhu ruang. Model minuman terdiri dari larutan vitamin C (450 mg/L), asam sitrat (1%) dan sukrosa (6%). Mikroemulsi o/w yang ditambahkan ke dalam model minuman adalah mikroemulsi diencerkan 50 kali dan 100 kali dengan aquades pH 6,5. Selanjutnya ditambahkan dengan/tanpa eritrosin sehingga masing-masing larutan mengandung eritrosin 5 ppm sebagai sensitiser. Sampel tersebut kemudian dipapar dengan lampu ﬂ uoresen dengan intensitas cahaya 2000 lux. Konsentrasi vitamin C diukur dengan metode riboﬂ avin-sensitized photodynamic UV spectrophotometry tiap 2 jam. Mikroemulsi o/w stabil pada pH 3,5 sampai 6,5 dan pengenceran (1:1. 1:9 dan 1:99), pemanasan dan penyimpanan. Mikroemulsi o/w diencerkan 100 kali efektif meningkatkan stabilitas vitamin C, namun mikroemulsi o/w diencerkan 50 kali lebih efektif untuk menghambat laju kerusakan vitamin C akibat fotooksidasi pada model minuman.

Pemurnian Minyak Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Membran Serat Berongga Nasrul Arahman; Cut Erika; Alfian Putra
agriTECH Vol 33, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Characterization of modiﬁ ed polyethersulfone hollow ﬁ ber membranes were carried out in order to purify Palm Oil. Effect of membrane morphology on the separation performances of palm oil was investigated. The modieﬁ ed polyethersulfone hollow ﬁ ber membrane was commercially availbale membrane prepared from the system of polyethersulfone/N-methylpirrolidone/polyvinilpyrrolidone, and polyethersulfone/N-methylpirrolidone/Tetronic 1307. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the modiﬁ ed membranes has macrovoids structure larger than the original poliethersulfone membrane. The hydrophilicity property was also increased by addition of polymeric additive to the membrane system. The maximum ﬂ ux of palm oil reached to 0.47 L/m2.hr. atm obtained from the experimenttal condition as applied pressure of 2.0 kg.cm2, by using membran polyethersulfone/N-methylpirrolidone/polyvinylpirrolidone.ABSTRAKKarakterisasi membran serat berongga (hollow ﬁ ber) dari polimer polietersulfon yang telah dimodiﬁ kasi untuk pemurnian minyak kelapa sawit telah dilakukan. Pengaruh morfologi membran dipelajari terhadap kemampuan pemisahan minyak kelapa sawit. Membran modiﬁ kasi adalah membran komersial yang terbuat dari sistem polyethersulfone/Nmethylpirrolidone/polyvinilpyrrolidone,dan polyethersulfone/N-methylpirrolidone/Tetronic 1307. Hasil karakterisasi dengan SEM menunjukkan bahwa membran yang terbuat dari bahan PES/NMP/PVP, dan PES/NMP/Tetronic 1307 mempunyai struktur macrovoid yang lebih banyak dan ukuran yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan membran yang terbuat dari bahan PES/NMP. Sifat hidroﬁlisitas membran campuran juga menjadi lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan membran tunggal PES/NMP. Fluks minyak kelapa sawit terbesar diperoleh 0,27 L/m2.hr.atm pada kondisi tekanan operasi 2,0 kg/cm2 untuk membran hollow ﬁ ber dari bahan PES/NMP/PVP.

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Home Page

OAI Link

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Contact Name Fiametta Ayu Purwandari

Contact Email fiametta@ugm.ac.id

Phone +6285712601130

Journal Mail Official agritech@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Fiametta Ayu Purwandari

Contact Email
fiametta@ugm.ac.id

Phone
+6285712601130

Journal Mail Official
agritech@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA