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Cyclosporine A and FK506 as Potent Inhibitors of Streptococcus intermedius Intermedilysin-Induced NFAT-1 Activation Susilowati, Heni; Okamura, Hirohiko; Hirota, Katsuhiko; Yoshida, Kaya; Tabata, Atsushi; Nagamune, Hideaki; Haneji, Tatsuji; Miyake, Yoichiro
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 1, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Research Gateway

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Abstract

Cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506), a member of calcineurin inhibitors, inhibit inflammation process as part of immune response. Nuclear activated T cells subfamily NFAT1 is a trascription factor responsible for the regulation of immune response genes. Streptococcus intermedius, an oral commensal bacterium, has been shown to strongly associate with liver abscess.  The S. intermedius strains produce intermedilysin (ILY), which is responsible for the bacterial virulence. Cyclosporine A and FK506 have been widely used to control NFAT activation in most of cell types, however the ability of CsA and FK506 to inhibit ILY-induced NFAT1 activation remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of  CsA and FK506 on NFAT1 activation caused by ILY. Human cholangiocellular cell line HuCCT1 was stimulated with various concentrations of ILY. The cell and nuclear morphological change was observed by microscopy analysis. The NFAT1 nuclear translocation that indicates its activation was detected by immunocytochemistry. The inhibitory effect of CsA and FK506 was tested after 30 min application before ILY treatment by using immunofluorescence microscope. The results showed cell and nuclear shrinkage in ILY-treated cells. The NFAT1 was translocated to the nuclei in HuCCT1 cells, and observed in dose dependent manner.  Cyclosporine A and FK506 inhibited ILY-induced NFAT1 nuclear translocation.  In conclusion, CsA and FK506 may act as potent inflammation control agents in S. intermedius ILY-infected cells.
Ekspresi COX-2 dan Jumlah Neutrofil Fase Inflamasi pada Proses Penyembuhan Luka Setelah Pemberian Sistemik Ekstrak Etanolik Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa) (studi in vivo pada Tikus Wistar) Kusumastuti, Endah; Handajani, Juni; Susilowati, Heni
Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia Vol 21, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia

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Abstract

Inflamasi merupakan respon alami tubuh terhadap adanya kerusakan jaringan. Salah satu medikamen untuk mengatasi inflamasi adalah antiinflamasi non steroid (AINS). Penggunaan AINS mempunyai beberapa efek samping dan dalam beberapa hal penggunaan tanaman obat dinilai lebih aman. Rosela merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang mempunyai potensi sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian sistemik ekstrak etanolik rosela terhadap ekspresi COX-2 dan jumlah neutrofil fase inflamasi pada proses penyembuhan luka. Bunga rosela didapatkan dari perkebunan di Dusun Bulusari Desa Pojok Kecamatan Tarokan Kabupaten Kediri Jawa Timur. Pembuatan ekstrak rosela dilakukan di LPPT unit I UGM Yogjakarta dengan cara perkolasi. Tikus putih galur Wistar sebanyak 36 ekor diberi perlukaan dengan punch biopsi ɵ 3 mm pada mukosa bukal. Subjek dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok 12 ekor tikus. Pembagian kelompok terdiri dari kontrol negatif (saline), kontrol positif (ibuprofen 20 mg/kg BB) dan perlakuan (ekstrak rosela 500 mg/kg BB). Pemberian minum sesuai kelompoknya sehari sekali selama 4 hari. Pada hari ke-1, ke-2, ke-3 dan ke-4 tikus dikorbankan lalu jaringan mukosa yang mengalami perlukaan dibuat preparat histologis. Pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE) dilakukan untuk mengamati jumlah neutrofil. Ekspresi COX-2 diamati pada preparat dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia menggunakan rabbit polyclonal antibody COX-2 (Lab Vision, USA). Jumlah neutrofil dan ekspresi COX-2 dihitung di bawah mikroskop cahaya lalu data dianalisi menggunakan ANAVA dan LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi COX-2 dan jumlah neutrofil lebih rendah pada kelompok perlakuan dibanding kontrol. Pengamatan klinis pada hari ke-4 juga tampak luka seluruh subjek telah menutup sempurna setelah pemberian minum rosela. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik rosela mempunyai kemampuan menghambat ekspresi COX-2 dan menurunkan jumlah neutrofil sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan anti-inflamasi. ABSTRACT: Expression of COX-2 and The Number of Neutrophil in Inflammation stage of Wound Healing Process after Systemic Administration of Ethanolic Extract Rosela. Inflammation is an initial stage of body’s natural response to tissue damage.The use  empirically plants often used for traditional medicine because it is easily found in the community and fewer side effects. Flavanoid presence of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is thought to have anti inflammatory effects. This study aimed to know the effect of systemic administration of Roselle ethanolic extract toward COX-2 expression and neutrophils number in the inflammatory phase of wound healing processes. Roselle was obtained from plantations in Bulusari hamlet, Tarokan, Kediri, EastJava. Making roselle extract was performed in LPPT unit 1 UGM Yogyakarta by percolation ways. Wistar rats were given a total of 36 injuries with ɵ 3 mm punch biopsy of the buccal mucosa. Subjects were divided into three groups, each group of 12 rats. The division consists of the negative control group (saline), positive control (ibuprofen 20 mg/kg) and treatment (roselle extract 500 mg/kg). Giving drink suitable group once daily for four days. On day 1, the 2nd, 3rd and fourth rats were sacrificed, and mucosal tissue injury was made histological preparat. Hematoxylin eosin staining (HE) was performed to observe the number of neutrophils. COX-2 expression was found in preparations for immunohistochemical staining using rabbit polyclonal COX-2 antibody (Lab Vision, USA). The number of neutrophils and expression of COX-2 is calculated under a light microscope data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and LSD. The results showed that the expression of COX-2 and neutrophil number were least in the treatment group compared to the control. Clinical observation on day four also appears around the wound has completely closed the subject after administration of roselle drink. It was concluded that the ethanolic extract of roselle can inhibit COX-2 expression and decrease the number of neutrophils that can be used as an anti-inflammatory ingredient. 
Ekspresi Caspase-3 pada Sel Epitel Rongga Mulut (Kb Cell Line) setelah Paparan Ekstrak Kopi Hutomo, Suryani; Suryanto, Yanti Ivana; Susilowati, Heni; Rudolf Phym, Agustinus; Maheswara, Devi Chretella
Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia

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Abstract

Kopi adalah minuman yang biasa dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat sehari-hari. Telah diketahui bahwa kopi mengandung kafein seperti yang terdapat juga pada teh dan coklat. Kandungan terbanyak kafein terdapat pada kopi. Kafein mempunyai struktur kimia 1, 3, 7- trimethylxanthine dan merupakan derivat xanthine. Senyawa ini dapat menginduksi kematian sel yang mengarah pada apoptosis, namun mekanisme yang terlibat belum diketahui dengan jelas. Tingginya konsumsi kopi di dunia yang selalu meningkat mengindikasikan perlunya dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek kafein pada epitel rongga mulut yang berkontak langsung dengan kafein. Penelitian terdahulu melaporkan bahwa ekstrak kopi menyebabkan kerusakan sel yang sebagian besar mengarah pada apoptosis, tetapi mekanismenya belum jelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis mekanisme kematian sel KB yang diinduksi oleh kafein melalui aktivasi caspase-3. Sel KB sebagai model epitel oral (5x10⁴sel) dikultur dalam DMEM menggunakan 24 wells microplate selama 24 jam sebelum perlakuan. Sel selanjutnya dipapar dengan kafein dengan konsentrasi 100 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 400 µg/ml dan diinkubasi selama 24 dan 48 jam dalam DMEM. Doxorubicin (0,5625 µg/ml) digunakan sebagai kontrol positif induksi apoptosis. Teknik imunositokimia terhadap caspase-3 dilakukan pada sel setelah dipapar kafein untuk mengamati adanya ekspresi caspase-3 sebagai ciri apoptosis. Identifikasi caspase-3 dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop fase kontras. Ekspresi protein caspase-3 terdeteksi pada sitoplasma sel KB. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya ekspresi caspase-3 aktif yang ditandai dengan warna cokelat dengan intensitas kuat pada sitoplasma sebagian besar sel setelah dipapar kafein dengan konsentrasi 100 μg/ml dan 200 µg/ml selama 24 jam. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kopi menyebabkan apoptosis sel KB melalui jalur aktivasi caspase-3. ABSTRACT: The Expression of Caspase-3 in Oral Cavity (Kb Cell Line) after Exposure to Coffee Extract. People widely consume coffee in daily meals. It is known there is caffeine found in coffee like it is found in tea and chocolate. Caffeine is found in the greatest amount of coffee. This 1, 3, 7- trimethyl xanthine substance is a derivate of xanthine that is consumed by almost all people in the world. This substance could induce cell death that mainly is apoptosis, but how the mechanism has not been clearly understood. Considering that coffee is widely consumed in the whole world, it is necessary to conduct an experiment to find any possible effect of caffeine to oral epitel that make direct exposure to caffeine. This experiment is targeted to analyze the mechanism of cell death which caused by caffeine through activation of caspase-3. KB cells as oral epithelial model (5x1044 sel) were cultured in DMEM using 24 well microplate for 24 hours before treatment. Then caffeine was given with concentration of 100 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml and 400 µg/ml. Cells were then incubated for 24 and 48 hours period in DMEM. Doxorubicin (0,5625 µg/ml) was used as a positive control of apoptosis induction. Immunocytochemistry technique was then done to observe any caspase three expression as a marker for apoptosis. Identification of active caspase-3 was then done using contrast phase microscope. The results showed expression of caspase-3 in KB cells cytoplasm which observed as high intensity of brown colored molecules in cell cytoplasm after 100 μg/ml and 200 µg/ml caffeine exposure in 24 hours. It was concluded that coffee extract induce KB cells apoptosis through caspase-3 activation mechanism.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PER ANTARA SAHAM YANG TERCATAT DALAM INDEX SYARIAH DAN SAHAM BIASA (Studi pada Perusahaan Non Keuangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia 2006 -2008) Ratnaningrum, Ratnaningrum; Susilowati, Heni
Benefit Volume 14 No 1 Juni 2010
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

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Abstract

Price Earning ratio (PER) shows how much investors are willing to pay per rupiah of reported profit. Since a high PER shows that investor think that the firm has good growth opportunity, so factors determining of PER become very important means to investors in making investment decisions.This study examined the influence of current ratio, debt to equity ratio, return on equity, net profit margin, dividend payout ratio, and inventory turn over  on PER between stock listed in syariah index and common stock of non financial companies in the Indonesia  Stock Exchange (IDX). Samples used in this study consisted on 38 companies listed in IDX and 10 of them listed in Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). The data was analized using regression model and Chow test. The result showed  return on equity has negative influence on the join  PER. This coefficient was contrary with the expectation. This might due to the fact that the PER could increase because of  decreasing of the profit but not from the increasing of the stock price. Other result is a difference of the regression coefficient between stock listed in syariah index and common stock. 
Micronucleus frequency of the buccal epithelial cells on pesticide-exposed female farmers in Dieng village, Central Java Yudasari, Innayati Oktiana; Susilowati, Heni; Jonarta, Alma Linggar
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Proceeding Book
Publisher : The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

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Abstract

Pesticide is a toxic material used to eradicate physical intruder of crop, including pests, diseases, or weeds. Long-term exposure of pesticide to human body may give genotoxic effects at cellular level, as its substances are chemically bond with the components of DNA triggering the damage of DNA and chromosomes. Micronucleus, additional nucleus on the cells, presents as a result of the termination of the chemical bonds of DNA. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of micronuclei of buccal epithelial cells on pesticide-exposed female farmers in Dieng Village, Central Java. This research was conducted on 36 female villagers of Dieng Plateau. The first group consisted of 18 subjects who had regularly and directly exposed by pesticides due to their job as farmers. The control group consisted of 18 subjects were unexposed to pesticides. Buccal epithelium cells of all subjects was collected by swabing the right and left buccal mucosa using cytobrush, fixed and stained using Feulgen-Rossenbeck method. The micronuclei frequency was counted per 1000 epithelial cells. Data was analyzed using Independent Sample t-test. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference between exposed and unexposed groups (p= 0,01). It is concluded that there was an increase in the micronucleus frequency of buccal epithelial cells on pesticide-exposed female farmers in Dieng Village. Moreover, direct long-term exposure of pesticides may harm and damage the human body cells at the gene level.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PER ANTARA SAHAM YANG TERCATAT DALAM INDEX SYARIAH DAN SAHAM BIASA (Studi pada Perusahaan Non Keuangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia 2006 -2008) Ratnaningrum, Ratnaningrum; Susilowati, Heni
Benefit: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Benefit : Kumpulan Makalah Diskusi Dosen FE UMS Volume 14 No 1 Juni 2010
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/benefit.v14i1.1317

Abstract

Price Earning ratio (PER) shows how much investors are willing to pay per rupiah of reported profit. Since a high PER shows that investor think that the firm has good growth opportunity, so factors determining of PER become very important means to investors in making investment decisions.This study examined the influence of current ratio, debt to equity ratio, return on equity, net profit margin, dividend payout ratio, and inventory turn over  on PER between stock listed in syariah index and common stock of non financial companies in the Indonesia  Stock Exchange (IDX). Samples used in this study consisted on 38 companies listed in IDX and 10 of them listed in Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). The data was analized using regression model and Chow test. The result showed  return on equity has negative influence on the join  PER. This coefficient was contrary with the expectation. This might due to the fact that the PER could increase because of  decreasing of the profit but not from the increasing of the stock price. Other result is a difference of the regression coefficient between stock listed in syariah index and common stock. 
Dealing with the high-risk potential of COVID-19 cross-infection in dental practice Yulianto, Heribertus Dedy Kusuma; Purwanti, Nunuk; Utami, Trianna Wahyu; Dewi, Anne Handrini; Listyarifah, Dyah; Ruspita, Intan; Nur, Asikin; Susilowati, Heni
Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia Vol 6, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/majkedgiind.56588

Abstract

The World Health Organization reported that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected more than 5 million people around the world. Dental care providers and health care professionals need to be aware of the high-risk potential of crossinfection since the routes of virus transmission commonly happen through droplets and aerosols. This review aimed at collecting essential knowledge about the COVID-19 needed by dental practitioners. The review focused on the oral involvement in COVID-19, the role of oral transmission as the high-risk potential of cross-infection and recommended strategies to minimize the risk of cross-infection in dental practice. We searched all the published clinical features from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and hand searched library online databases, from January 2015 until May 2020. Keywords used were “COVID-19”, “Dentistry”, “Dental protection”, “Cross-contamination”, “Aerosol and non aerosol”, and ”Povidone-iodine” with their combinations. We identified 52 articles to review after the initial selection with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results showed use of topical applications of povidine-iodine and viricidal mouthwash could significantly reduce the high-risk of cross-infection from dentistry patients who are asymptomatic with COVID-19 infection. Further safeguards include suspending all non-emergency procedures temporarily and closely screening patients for symptoms which may be suspected to be COVID-19 infection.
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG KEDELAI TERHADAP KUALITAS BISKUIT Susilowati, Heni; Prabowo, Adi
JURNAL MEDIA WISATA: Wahana Informasi Pariwisata Vol 16, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata AMPTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36276/mws.v16i2.262

Abstract

The research entitled The Effect of Substitution of Soybean Flour on Biscuit Quality is a type of research using quantitative approach with experimental method. The purpose to know the effect of quality biscuit with soybean flour substitution with different percentage that is equal to 50%, 25% and 10% viewed from aspect of color, flavor, aroma and texture. The experiments used 3 different types of treatment on the percentage of soy flour used ie, biscuit A with 50% soy flour, biscuit B with 25% soy flour, and C biscuits with 10% soy flour.Methods of data collection using subjective assessment of sensory tests taken from the results of a panelist assessment that includes assessment of color, aroma, taste and texture on biscuits. The panel of researchers was 30 people taken by random sampling technique with considerations that included panelist knowledge about the sensory properties of biscuits in general. Methods of data analysis to test the hypothesis using the analysis of single classification variables and tukey test, previously conducted prasarat test that is homogeneity test and normality test. The result of the research with Anova test seen from the color aspect shows that (significant value (p-value)
Cell Morphological Change and Caspase-3 Protein Expression on Epithelial Cells under Stimulation of Oral Bacterium Streptococcus sanguinis Hutomo, Suryani; Susilowati, Heni; Agustina, Dewi
Journal of Dentistry Indonesia Vol. 22, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Oral commensal bacterium Streptococcus sanguinis may find in periodontal lesions, deep seated infection, and infective endocarditis that are usually dominated by anaerobes. This bacterium caused cell death on some cells but host responses to this species remained unclear. Objective: This study was aimed to detect cell morphological change and role of caspase-3 in cell death mechanism induced by S. sanguinis. Methods: HeLa cells as representative model for oral epithelial cells were exposed to 107 cells/ml bacteria for 48 h. Morphological change was observed microscopically after hematoxyline-eosin staining. Expression of active caspase-3 was examined by immunocytochemical analysis after cell stimulation for 36 and 48 h with wild type supragingival S. sanguinis. Doxorubicin (0.5625 μg/ml) was used as positive control for caspase-3 activation. Results: The results showed cell shrinkage of bacterial-treated cells; and active caspase-3 molecules were detected after 36 and 48 hours cell stimulation. Conclusion: This study would suggest cell shrinkage and caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death induced by S. sanguinis.
Caspase-3-dependent Cell Death in B lymphocyte Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pyocyanin Susilowati, Heni; Hutomo, Suryani; Siagian, JW; Siwi, Dyanasti P.
Journal of Dentistry Indonesia Vol. 22, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram negative bacterium that can cause fatal infection in immunocompromised patient. This is an opportunist pathogen which is associated with some dental infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces pyocyanin that functions as an important virulent factor in bacterial invasion. It can be identified in the lesion tissue and capable to induce cellular damage in endothelial cell, respiratory, neutrophil, and lymphocytes. B lymphocyte plays a significant role in the immune response of periapical infection; however, its cellular and molecular response to pyocyanin is unclear. Objective: To investigate cellular responses of B lymphocyte to the exposure of pyocyanin and the role of caspase-3 in its molecular mechanism. Methods: B lymphocytes (Raji cells) were cultured, and in five replications were exposed to various concentrations of pyocyanin for 24 h. MTT assay was performed to analyze the cytotoxicity effect of pyocyanin. Cell morphological analysis using phase contrast microscope were done in separate experiments. Immunocytochemical analysis was carried out for the identification of active caspase-3 protein expression, to study the mechanism involved in pyocyanin-induced cellular damage, Results: It showed that cell viability was decreased in pcyocyanin-treated groups. Pyocyanin induced cell death on B lymphocyte in a dose-dependent manner. Statistical analysis using ANOVA demonstrated significant difference between groups with p=0.000. Nuclear fragmentation was observed in pyocyanin-induced cell death; furthermore, caspase-3 was expressed clearly in cell cytoplasm after 24 h incubation. Conclusion: Pyocyanin is capable of inducing cell death on B l