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Semesta Teknika
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
ISSN : 1411061X     EISSN : 25025481     DOI : https://doi.org/10.18196/st
Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
SEMESTA TEKNIKA is a reputable refereed journal devoted to the publication and dissemination of basic and applied research in engineering. SEMESTA TEKNIKA is a forum for publishing high quality papers and references in engineering science and technology. The Journal is published by the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, INDONESIA. Copyright is by the publisher and the authors. The Journal is issued in electronic form and also issued in printed form as annual volume for the contributors only. The journal contains original research papers, review articles, short notes and letters to the editors. The topics of interest include modeling, experimental, analytical and numerical investigations on the mechanical, physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of material, developing the prototype/instrument, technology and construction process. Topic of management in industry and civil construction is also considered. SEMESTA TEKNIKA receives manuscripts from the contributor written in the Indonesian and English. Manuscripts submitted to the journal for publication must not have been previously published or is under consideration simultaneously by any other publication. Manuscripts submitted to SEMESTA TEKNIKA will be reviewed Peer Reviewers local and foreign.
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Articles 715 Documents
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Asesmen Cepat Kerentanan Bangunan Sekolah Muhammadiyah Terhadap Gempabumi di Kecamatan Kasihan Bantul DIY Restu Faizah; Muhammad Ibnu Syamsi
Semesta Teknika Vol 20, No 2 (2017): NOVEMBER 2017
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v20i2.3544

Abstract

School buildings are included as buildings with risk category IV (SNI 1726: 2012) because it is potentially causing multiple casualties if earthquakes occur during school hours. Therefore the readiness of school buildings to face the earthquakes should be prepared well. First of all, a rapid vulnerability assessment of the existing building under earthquake needs to be conducted. If the buildings are vulnerable then it should be followed by a strength check. This research objective is to assess the vulnerability of Muhammadiyah school buildings which are located in Kasihan sub-district of Bantul Regency, using Rapid Visual Screening FEMA 154-2002. There are 8 buildings, consist of elementary, middle school, and senior high school which are scattered in Tirtonirmolo, Tamantirto and Bangunjiwo, Kasihan, Bantul regency. According to FEMA 154-2002, the observation result finds that 4 schools indicated to have structure vulnerability under earthquake hazard so they need further analysis to know more detail about their strength. While the other 4 buildings do not need further analysis. The results of this study can be used as a recommendation for the Muhammadiyah Basic and Secondary Education Council (Majelis Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah) to conduct more detailed testing for school buildings that are have vulnerabilites. In addition, this research method also can be extend to school buildings or non-school buildings in other areas. 
Deteksi Cacat Lintasan Luar Bantalan Bola pada Fan Industri Menggunakan Metode Cepstrum Berli Paripurna Kamiel
Semesta Teknika Vol 23, No 1 (2020): MEI 2020
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v23i1.9980

Abstract

Bantalan bola pada sebuah fan (kipas) menerima beban dinamis yang sangat besar ketika beroperasi. Hal ini menyebabkan bantalan mengalami keausan yang harus dapat segera dideteksi untuk mencegah kerusakan/cacat lebih lanjut. Salah satu metode deteksi yang sering digunakan adalah metode analisis spektrum. Namun metode ini menghasilkan harmonik dan sidebands yang rumit jika diaplikasikan pada fan dengan transmisi roda gigi sehingga observasi amplitudo pada spektrum sulit dilakukan. Penelitian ini mengusulkan metode cepstrum ketimbang spektrum karena cepstrum dapat mengelompokkan berbagai harmonik yang berasal dari getaran komponen-komponen fan sehingga amplitudo cacat bantalan dapat diidentifikasi dengan mudah dan jelas. Bantalan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah tipe ASB 6209 2RS dengan kondisi normal (tanpa cacat) dan cacat lintasan luar. Cacat pada bantalan sengaja dibuat menggunakan Electrical Discharge Machine (EDM)  dengan kawat kuningan berdiameter 0,25 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spektrum dapat mendeteksi frekuensi poros fan  9,11 Hz, frekuensi ball pass frequency outer (BPFO) 36,52 Hz, dan frekuensi poros roda gigi 22,59 Hz.  Namun demikian amplitudo BPFO sulit diidentifikasi pada spektrum karena secara visual bercampur dengan amplitudo harmonik dari komponen-komponen lain yang turut bergetar pada fan. Hasil lebih baik diberikan oleh metode cepstrum dimana amplitudo quefrency BPFO sebesar 0,027 detik, yang bersesuaian dengan BPFO, sangat jelas terlihat karena tidak terganggu oleh amplitudo lain di sekitarnya. A Ball bearing in a fan  experience a very large dynamic load during its operation. This causes wear which must be detected immediately to prevent severe damage. One detection method that is often used is the spectrum analysis. However, this method produces complex harmonics and sidebands when applied to a fan with a gear transmission which makes it difficult to observe amplitude on the spectrum. This research proposes the cepstrum method rather than the spectrum because the cepstrum can classify the various harmonics that come from the vibrations of the fan components so that the amplitude of the bearing defects can be identified easily and clearly. The bearings used in the study are ASB 6209 2RS with normal condition (no fault) and with outer race fault. Defect in the bearings is intentionally made using an Electrical Discharge Machine (EDM) with 0,25 mm brass wire. The results show that the spectrum can detect the fan shaft frequency of 9,11 Hz, the ball pass frequency outer race (BPFO) 36,52 Hz, and the gear shaft frequency of 22,59 Hz. However, the BPFO amplitude is difficult to identify on the spectrum because it is visually mixed with the harmonic amplitude of the other vibrating components. A prominent results are given by the cepstrum method where the quefrency of 0,027 s, which corresponds to the BPFO, is clearly visible because it is not disturbed by other amplitudes. 
Deteksi Kavitasi Pada Pompa Sentrifugal Menggunakan Spektrum Getaran dan Spektrum Envelope Berli P. Kamiel; Deby Arikh Nafsaka; Bambang Riyanta; Azhim Asyratul
Semesta Teknika Vol 22, No 1 (2019): MEI 2019
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.221231

Abstract

AbstrakKavitasi adalah salah satu indikator penting kondisi operasi sebuah pompa sentrifugal. Fenomena kavitasi ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya formasi gelembung udara yang kemudian pecah secara tiba-tiba akibat perubahan tekanan pada sisi hisap pompa. Kavitasi dapat menyebabkan kerusakan yang parah komponen pompa terutama bagian sudu atau impeller. Kavitasi biasanya dapat diidentifikasi melalui suara bising dan timbulnya getaran yang berlebihan. Sebuah metode deteksi kavitasi dibutuhkan agar potensi kerusakan lebih lanjut pada pompa sentrifugal dapat diantisipasi secepatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan sebuah metode deteksi kavitasi menggunakan spektrum getaran dan spektrum envelope pada bentang frekwensi rendah 0-4 kHz dan bentang frekwensi tinggi 4-8,5 kHz. Sinyal getaran pompa direkam menggunakan sebuah akselerometer yang diletakkan pada rumah volute pompa arah aksial. Sinyal getaran kemudian ditransformasikan kedalam spektrum dan spektrum envelope menggunakan  Fast Fourier Transform. Spektrum dan spektrum envelope untuk masing-masing bentang frekwensi dibandingkan antara pompa kondisi normal dan kondisi tiga level kavitasi kavitasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spektrum frekwensi rendah dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi kavitasi level 3 yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan amplitudo frekwensi poros sebesar 47,6 Hz dan ½ BPF sebesar 149,6 Hz. Sedangkan kavitasi level 1 dapat dideteksi oleh spektrum envelope pada bentang frekwensi tinggi. Dapat disimpulkan pula bahwa penurunan ampitudo teramati secara umum pada domain waktu seiring dengan meningkatnya level kavitasi. AbstractCavitation is an important indication of operation condition for a centrifugal pump. An indication of the appearance of cavitation is the formation of bubbles which collapse suddenly when the pressure changed on the suction side of the pump. The formation of cavitation bubbles can cause fault to the inner pump components. The fault that often results from cavitation phenomenon is affected in the impeller. This fault is usully identified through noise and vibration generated. Therefore, a method is needed to detect early cavitation phenomenon at the centrifugal pump. This study aims to develop cavitation detection methods using the vibration spectrum and envelope spectrum of low frequency band of 0-4 kHz and high frequency band of 4 kHz-8,5 kHz. In this study, cavitation detection in conducted by recording vibration signals that occur at centrifugal pump using an accelerometer. The data obtained is then transformed into the frequency domain and envelope spectrum using Fast Fourier Transform. The results were compared between normal condition and level 1, 2, and 3 cavitation. Comparisons were made on each vibration spectrum and envelope spectrum at the low frequency and high frequency bands. The result of this study showed that the vibration spectrum with low frequency band can detect the formation of level 3 cavitation with an increase in shaft frequency amplitude (47,26 Hz) and ½ BPF (149,6 Hz). Whereas early cavitation or level 1 cavitation was identified through the envelope spectrum at high frequency band. It also showed that a decrease in amplitude occured gradually in the time domain along with increasing level of cavitation.
Analisis Indeks Keandalan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hibrid Angin-Surya Menggunakan Metode EENS Ramadoni Syahputra; Fahrian Noor; Faaris Mujaahid
Semesta Teknika Vol 23, No 1 (2020): MEI 2020
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v23i1.9602

Abstract

Pengembangan sumber energi terbarukan, terutama pembangkit listrik tenaga angin dan surya sangat penting di Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan kedua jenis pembangkit tersebut dinilai paling potensial dan realistis untuk mendukung program pengembangan energi terbarukan di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini disajikan studi tentang indeks keandalan pembangkit listrik hibrid tenaga angin dan surya. Metode untuk menganalisis indeks keandalan adalah metode EENS (expected energy not supplied). Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis lapangan pada pembangkit listrik yang telah beroperasi di Kabupaten Bantul Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai EENS masih belum memenuhi standar yaitu 0,002% per tahun. Studi yang dilakukan pada tahun 2019 ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembangkit listrik hibrid berbasis tenaga angin dan surya ini belum dapat diandalkan untuk mendukung ketersediaan energi listrik di wilayah Bantul.    The development of renewable energy sources, especially wind and solar power plants, is very important in Indonesia. This fact is because these two types of power plants are considered the most potential and realistic to support renewable energy development programs in Indonesia. In this research, a study on the reliability index of wind and solar-based power plants is presented. The method for analyzing the reliability index is the EENS (expected energy not supplied) method. This study conducted a field analysis on a power plant that has been operated in Bantul district, Yogyakarta Special Region province. The results of the study show that the EENS value still does not meet the standard, namely 0.002% per year. The study conducted in 2019 concluded that wind and solar-based hybrid power plants could not be relied on to support the availability of electrical energy in the Bantul area.     
Peningkatan Nilai CBR Laboratorium Rendaman Tanah dengan Campuran Kapur, Abu Sekam Padi dan Serat Karung Plastik Widianti, Anita
Semesta Teknika Vol 12, No 1 (2009): MEI 2009
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v12i1.745

Abstract

Bearing capacity of a subgrade is one of the parameters to design the thickness of road pavement. Beside the bearing capacity, swelling behavior of subgrade must be in a narrow range to avoid crack of the pavement. This paper presents an effort to improve the soaked design California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and swelling value of soil by stabilizing with lime-rice husk ash and strengthened by randomly placed plastic fiber. In this study, the portions of lime and rice husk ash were set constant to the value of 12% and 24%, respectively. Amount of waste plastic sack fibers was used in this experiment ranging from 0.1% to 1.2% of dry weight of mixtures. The samples were tested at 7 and 14 days after mixing. The results show that the soaked design CBR value increases to 867%. As a result, swelling value decreases from 62% to 100%. The optimal improvement of the soaked design CBR was found at 0.2% of plastic sack fibers.
Pengaruh Penambahan Pecahan Kaca Sebagai Bahan Pengganti Agregat Halus dan Penambahan Fiber Optik Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton Serat Muhammad Nur Ikhsan; Hakas Prayuda; Fadillawaty Saleh
Semesta Teknika Vol 19, No 2 (2016): NOVEMBER 2016
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v19i2.2037

Abstract

Fibre concrete is an innovation of normal concrete to special concrete to be stronger withstands the tensile force. Fibre concrete consists of cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and additional fibre materials. The addition of fibre is expected to reduce the segragation and prevent cracks of the concrete. In this research used additional glass fracture with variation of 15%, 20%, 25% to the weight of the fine aggregate as well as additional of optic fibre of 0,15% of the concrete’s weight. Their compressive strength was examined at the age of 28 days. The result is gained by adding 15% of glass fracture 24,94 MPa with modulus of elasticity 23471,8 MPa, addition of 20% gained the result of compressive strength by 25,48 MPa with modulus of elasticity 23724,5 MPa, meanwhile by adding glass fracture 25% gained the result of compressive strength 25,77 MPa with modulus of elasticity 23859,2 Mpa.
Performance of a 160 cc Four-Stroke Engine Using Non-Programmable Aftermarket CDI and Aftermarket Ignition Coil When Operating With Three Types of Gasoline Teddy Nurcahyadi; Wahyudi Wahyudi; Dwi Isnaini Ruswanto; Fithrio Manggala Ramadhani; Burhannudin Sidiq; Wahyu Tri Handoko
Semesta Teknika Vol 20, No 2 (2017): NOVEMBER 2017
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v20i2.3347

Abstract

Ignition timing and output voltage must be re-tuned when the engine used different types of fuel.  This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of CDI and ignition coil upgrade, both separately and combined, when various types of fuel was used by the engine.  This research was done on a 160 cc four-stroke engine of a Honda motorcycle with compression ratio 9:1.  The types of fuel used by the engine in this research was RON 88, RON 90, and RON 95 gasoline fuels. The engine’s torque was measured on an inertial type motorcycle chassis dynamometer.  The fuel consumption data was obtained by on road test, the value of the data was calculated by dividing the distance being traveled with the volume of fuel being consumed. The result of this research showed that when RON 88 gasoline was used, the influence of aftermarket CDI and aftermarket ignition coil gave almost comparable impacts to the increase of torque.  The combination of aftermarket CDI and aftermarket ignition coil was found to influence the largest torque increase percentage of 5.3% when RON 90 gasoline was used.  When RON 95 gasoline was used, the aftermarket ignition coil influenced the largest torque increase percentage of 4.3% at lower engine speed and 7.4% at higher engine speed.  The aftermarket CDI and aftermarket ignition coil, whether used separately or combined, always gave worse impact to fuel consumption when RON 88 and RON 90 gasoline was used. The opposite is true when RON 95 was used.
Penerapan Metode Clustering dengan Algoritma K-Means pada Pengelompokkan Data Calon Mahasiswa Baru di Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (Studi Kasus: Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, dan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik) Asroni Asroni; Hidayatul Fitri; Eko Prasetyo
Semesta Teknika Vol 21, No 1 (2018): MEI 2018
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.211211

Abstract

The increasing new prospective students in a University to make the stack more and more data, departing from it then conducted a search for new knowledge with data mining. Grouping data for prospective new students will be made by the method Clustering and used the algorithm k-means. In this penmaru there are 5 data attributes are used i.e., hometown, gender, status to qualify for selection, driveways, and majors. This analysis is performed using WEKA software and the source data taken from admissions data (penmaru) in the form of a data warehouse. Class from the use of this method is the attribute of the majors. Iteration performed as many as 3 times and the number of a cluster at the Faculty of medicine and health sciences, i.e. 4 clusters, Faculty of social and political science 3 clusters. Method Clustering can be applied to the classification of data for prospective new students. Another thing that can be analyzed from the results of the grouping candidate data, promotion strategies from each Department to increase the quantity and quality.
Pengaruh Mode Shape Frekuensi Alami terhadap Estimasi Gaya Tarik Batang Baja dengan Metode Vibrasi Guntur Nugroho
Semesta Teknika Vol 21, No 2 (2018): NOVEMBER 2018
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.212226

Abstract

The vibration method has been widely applied to estimate the force on cable structures as well as beams. This method utilizes the natural frequency of structural elements in estimating tensile as well as compressive forces. On the cable element, a different natural frequency will appear according to the shape number. This study raises the suitability of force estimation by using the natural frequency of the first second and third modes. The steel specimen have cross section of width, thickness and length of 6 mm, 40 mm and 2000 mm respectively. The results of natural frequency, calculated by using analytic formulas (string, beam-string and stokey) has been compared with the natural frequency resulted by numerical modeling. The difference of  natural frequency of specimen calculated by using analytic formulas (strings, beam-strings, stokey), compared with the result of numerical modeling  has the smallest value in the first mode which is 3.75% at 5,000N load and 0.61% at 50,000N load.
Pelaksanaan Inspeksi Keselamatan pada Perlintasan Sebidang JPL 349 KM 163+758, Jalan Timoho, Yogyakarta Noor Mahmudah; Dian M Setiawan; Ristacya Devi Ramanti
Semesta Teknika Vol 22, No 2 (2019): NOVEMBER 2019
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.222242

Abstract

Kecelakaan yang terjadi antara kendaraan jalan raya dan kereta api dapat terjadi di perlintasan sebidang walaupun sudah dilengkapi dengan prasarana yang telah ditentukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginspeksi keselamatan perlintasan sebidang di JPL 349, Jalan Timoho, Yogyakarta, karena lokasi perlintaasan sebidang ini berdekatan dengan pusat kegiatan masyarakat. Metode penelitian ini diawali dengan studi pustaka dan pengumpulan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer terdiri dari data kelengkapan infrastruktur, data geometrik, volume lalulintas, tundaan lalulintas, panjang antrian kendaraan, dan indeks kondisi struktur perkerasan (Pavement Condition Index). Sementara itu, data sekunder berupa jadwal kedatangan dan keberangkatan kereta api. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlintasan sebidang JPL 349 tidak memenuhi persyaratan yang berlaku terkait dengan rambu, marka, interval waktu kedatangan kereta api, sudut perpotongan perlintasan, jarak antara perlintasan sebidang yang berdekatan, dan alinemen horizontal. Tundaan lalulintas terlama ialah sebesar 194 detik dan antrian kendaraan terpanjang ialah 210 meter. Selain itu, disimpulkan bahwa nilai indeks kondisi struktur perkerasan ialah sebesar 72.9% (sangat bagus).Accidents between motorized vehicles and trains may occur at level crossings even though it has been maintained and given an adequate infrastructure. This study aims to conduct a safety inspections at JPL 349, Timoho Street, Yogyakarta since the level crossing location close to the center of human activity. This research method begins with a literature study and primary and secondary data collection. The primary data consisted of infrastructure completeness data, highway and rail track geometric, traffic volume, traffic delay, vehicles queue length, and pavement condition index (PCI). While secondary data was in the form of train departure and arrival schedules. The conclusions of this study stated that the JPL 349 level crossing do not meet the applicable regulatory standards in terms of signs, markers, train travel time intervals, intersection angles between highway and rail track, and the distance between level crossings. In terms of geometric, the horizontal alignment of the highway was also not in accordance with the applicable regulations. The longest traffic delay was 194 seconds and the longest queue of vehicles was 210 m. In addition, it was known that the average PCI was 72.9% (very good). 

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