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Pharmacon
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ISSN : 14114283     EISSN : 26855062     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia is a collection of publication journals, covering all aspects of Pharmaceutical sciences, including Technology of Formulations, Excipients Optimization, Extract and Herbal Standardizations, Pharmacological activity determination on natural sources, Drug Synthesize and Development, Molecular Biology, Antibiotic Screening, Metabolite Profiling and Quantification, Clinical Pharmacy, Health and Environmental issues, published by Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. We look forward to working with pharmaceutical community of researchers as we are intended to serve as a major resource for pharmaceutical information.
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Articles 345 Documents
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Hubungan Kerasionalan Peresepan Obat Antihipertensi Dengan Outcome Klinis Pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik Rawat Inap RSUD Dr. Soegiri Lamongan Muhammad Muhlis; Luthfiyya Iffa Muslimah
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v18i01.13230

Abstract

Ischemic stroke is a disruption of blood supply to the brain caused by the blockage of blood vessels. Hypertension is a comorbid disease in ischemic stroke. Appropriate treatment can affect the success of therapy and the achievement of the desired blood pressure. This study aims to evaluate the rationale for using antihypertensive drugs to achieve clinical outcomes in the form of blood pressure. This study was designed in an observational analytic manner with a cross-sectional approach, retrospective in nature with a purposive sampling method in ischemic stroke patients who received antihypertensive prescriptions in RSUD Dr. Soegiri Lamongan. The sample used was 100 patients. The results showed that the most widely used antihypertensive drugs were CCB with a percentage of 41.8%, ARB with a percentage of 27.6%. The rationale for prescribing was obtained: 100% correct indication, 100% correct patient, 91% correct drug, and 100% correct dose. The results of the Chi-Square test have obtained an expected value of 5, so that it is followed by the Fisher's Test, which obtained a p-value of 0.021 (p 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that patients who received a rational antihypertensive prescription were 91%, for patients who achieved clinical outcomes as much as 86% and there was a relationship between the rationality of prescribing antihypertensive drugs with clinical outcomes in the form of achieving target blood pressure in ischemic stroke patients at RSUD Dr. Soegiri Lamongan.
DOCKING ANALOG KURKUMIN TURUNAN PIPERAZINDION DENGAN TUBULIN (1TUB) RANTAI  MENGGUNAKAN VINA DAN AUTODOCK1 Broto Santoso
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v12i1.43

Abstract

Program Autodock mampu memprediksi energi bebas dan konformasi ikatan antara fleksibel ligan dan makromolekul target yang telah diketahui. Senyawa turunan dan analog kurkumin adalah ligan yang telah banyak dihasilkan dan diuji aktivitasnya. Beberapa diantaranya memiliki khasiat yang lebih baik dari kurkumin. Enam senyawa turunan piperazindion, kurkumin, PGV-0, dan PGV-1 dihitung energi optimasi geometrinya menggunakan density functional theory (DFT) – Gaussian. Ligan hasil optimasi dicari energi ikatan ligan dengan reseptor 1TUB rantai b melalui docking menggunakan Vina dan Autodock dengan metode Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm (LGA), traditional Genetic Algorithm (tGA), dan Simulated Annealing (SA) Monte Carlo. Data energi ikatan (affinitas) terbaik yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication (P=0,01). Hasil docking dengan semua metode menunjukkan bahwa senyawa analog kurkumin turunan piperazindion mempunyai potensi ikatan lebih baik dibanding senyawa induknya Kata Kunci: 1TUB, Autodock, docking, kurkumin, piperazindionage:IN'Kata kunci: Citrus reticulata, antiproliferatif, DMBA, AgNOR, c-Myc. 
PERBANDINGAN KADAR EUGENOL MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Meer. & Perry) DARI MALUKU, SUMATERA, SULAWESI, DAN JAWA DENGAN METODE GC-MS Rima Munawaroh
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 11, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v11i1.66

Abstract

Senyawa eugenol merupakan komponen mayor minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh yang mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan, antifungi, analgesik, dan antiseptik.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menetapkan kadar eugenol minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh dari beberapa daerah sentra penghasil (Maluku, Sumatera, Sulawesi, dan Jawa).. Sampel minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) diperoleh melalui metode destilasi uap dan air. Kandungan eugenol dalam minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan GC-MS. Analisis menggunakan kolom kapiler RxiTM-1ms, kecepatan alir fase gerak helium 0,1 mL/menit, energi ionisasi 70eV dan temperature programming 50-100oC (kenaikan 10oC/menit dan ditahan 1 menit), 100-140oC (kenaikan 5oC/menit), 140-160oC (kenaikan 2oC/menit), dan 160-245oC (kenaikan 5 oC/menit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar eugenol dalam minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh dari Maluku, Sumatera, Sulawesi, dan Jawa berturut-turut 93,17±1,72%b/b, 60,29±0,67%b/b, 65,66±0,80%b/b, dan 55,88±0,98%b/b. Minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh dari Maluku memiliki kualitas yang paling baik terkait kadar eugenol yang terkandung. Kata kunci: Minyak atsiri, bunga cengkeh, Syzygium aromaticum, eugenol, GC-MS
Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Herba Apu-Apu (Pistia stratiotes) dan Fraksi-Fraksinya Sebagai Antioksidan Dengan Metode DPPH Dewi Dianasari; Irawati Firdiyansari
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 16, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v16i2.9148

Abstract

Free radicals play an important role in cell damage and degenerative diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, premature aging and others. Compounds that can inhibit free radicals are antioxidants. One of the plants that has a high phenolic compound and can be a source of natural antioxidants, apu-apu or Pistia stratiotes. This research was conducted to scientifically prove the antioxidant activity of the apu-apu herbal extract (Pistia stratiotes) and its fractions by the DPPH method. The sample used in the form of all parts apu-apu (apu-apu herb) obtained from the Sumbersari District, Jember Regency. In this study the DPPH method was used with a DPPH concentration of 0.1 mM, incubation time of ethanol extract 40 minutes, fraction of n-hexane 50 minutes, ethyl acetate fraction 45 minutes, ethanol-water fraction 40 minutes,vitamin C 35 minutes and measured at wavelength 517 nm . The results of the average antioxidant activity (IC50) were apu-apu herbal extract 16.675 µg / mL ± 0.239, n-hexane fraction 29.915 µg / mL ± 0.156, ethyl acetate fraction 11.875 µg / mL ± 0.038, ethanol-water fraction 9.090 µg / mL ± 0.156, ethyl acetate fraction 11.875 µg / mL ± 0.038, ethanol-water fraction 9.090 µg / mL ± 0.156, ethyl acetate fraction 11.875 µg / mL ± 0.038 / mL ± 0.122, and vitamin C 3.263 µg / mL ± 0.032. Vitamin C as a positive control had the highest activity, whereas the apu-apu sample which had the highest antioxidant activity was the ethanol-water fraction, and the lowest was the n-hexane fraction. The conclusion of this study is apu-apu herbal ethanol extract and its fractions have antioxidant activity, from high to low sequentially: ethanol-water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, apu-apu herbaceous fraction, n- fraction hexane.
Optimasi Masker Gel Peel-Off Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Sirih (Piper Betle L.) dengan Kombinasi Carbomer dan Polivinil Alkohol Gunawan Setiyadi; Annisa Qonitah
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v17i2.11976

Abstract

Betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is a plant that has potential as a source of natural antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of carbomer and PVA on the homogeneity, dispersibility, adhesion, viscosity, dry time, elasticity and pH of the gel peel-off mask preparation; obtain the optimum formula and determine the antioxidant activity of the optimum formula. Extraction of betel leaf was carried out using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as a solvent. The experimental design was made using Design Expert software version 11 with the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method with the optimized components being carbomer and PVA. The response of physical properties in the form of spreadability, adhesion, pH, viscosity, dry time, and elasticity of each formula is measured and the measurement data is processed with Design Expert software to determine the optimum formula based on predetermined criteria. The verification dosage form is made based on the optimum formula composition produced. The response of the optimum physical properties of the prediction formula was compared with the results of the verification preparation with the One sample t-test. The yield of thick betel leaf extract in this study was 20.26%. The optimum formula has homogeneous characteristics with a distinctive odor of dark green betel leaf and semi-solid form, spreadability 49.25 ± 0.29 cm2, adhesion 4.77 ± 0.22 seconds, pH 7.26 ± 0.119, viscosity 763 ± 12.47 dPas, drying time 29.68 ± 0.52 minutes, elasticity 1.05 ± 0.04%. The antioxidant activity of betel leaf ethanolic extract has an IC50 value of 7.62 µg / mL and the optimum formula has an IC50 value of 111.25 µg / mL.
DAYA ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI ETANOL TEMU KUNCI (Boesenbergia pandurata) TERHADAP Salmonella typhi DAN Streptococcus hemolytic α non pneumoniae Mariska Sri Harlianti
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 12, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v12i2.34

Abstract

Salah satu tanaman asli Indonesia yang berkhasiat obat adalah temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata), antara lain sebagai batuk kering dan diare. Salmonella typhi merupakan salah satu kuman penyebab diare yang bersifat Gram negatif. Streptococcus hemolytic α non pneumoniae merupakan salah satu kuman yang bersifat Gram positif dan secara normal terdapat di daerah tenggorokan dan mulut yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi jika kondisi tubuh melemah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan daya antibakteri fraksi etanol temu kunci terhadap kedua kuman tersebut. Uji aktivitas antibakteri temu kunci yang dilakukan menggunakan metode dilusi padat menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etanol temu kunci sedikit lebih poten terhadap Salmonella typhi (dengan KBM 2%) dibandingkan Streptococcus hemolytic α non pneumoniae (dengan KBM 3%).   Kata Kunci : antibakteri, KBM, fraksi etanol temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata), Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus hemolytic α non pneumoniae
Pengaruh Perbedaan Metode Ekstraksi Metabolit Sekunder Streptomyces sp. GMR22 terhadap Toksisitas pada Sel BHK-21 Diani Mentari; Mirtani Naima; Riska Wulansari; Jaka Widada; Tri Rini Nuringtyas; Tri Wibawa; Nastiti Wijayanti
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 16, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v16i1.8032

Abstract

Streptomyces sp. GMR22 is local isolate from Wanagama 1 Forest in Yogyakarta. They have the potential to be developed to produce active compounds because have PKS and NRPS genes.The active compounds from isolation are strongly influenced by various factors, one of them is extraction techniques. Effect difference of extraction technique will be affected by the quality of secondary metabolites produced.The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity effects of secondary metabolites of Streptomyces sp. GMR22 which have extracted with different stages from previous studies. The extraction technique was carried out by multilevel separatory funnel extraction methods, which was first extracted using non-polar solvent (n-hexane) and then extracted using semi-polar solvent (ethyl acetate). This research is important because in previous studies (separatory funnel only extracted using ethyl acetate) with the use of the lowest concentration in the dengue virus antiviral test (further test) caused 100% of deaths in BHK-21 cells.This study indicate that multilevel extraction result in lower CC50 value than previous studies. There are 49.160 µl/ml (n-hexane extract) and 284.56 µl/ml (ethyl acetate extract) while water extract is 464,38 µl/ml. FTIR compound analysis show that the three extracts produced have different spectrum patterns, especially in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract. Value of CC50 is not too high, it is expected that the secondary metabolites contained in the extracts can be used for further analysis such as antiviral testing because it is safe for normal host cells such as BHK-21 cells
Reduksi Udema Kaki Mencit (Mus musculus) Terinduksi Karagenan Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Daruju (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) Darul Ikhwan; Octavian Rachmadi; Annisa Dyah Astari Putri; Ari Widiyantoro
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v17i2.10762

Abstract

Acanthus ilicifolius L. is one of the mangrove plants that contain a lot of potential secondary metabolites of medicinal raw materials. People of Sambas Regency of West Kalimantan Province uses leaves extract daruju to overcome the pain in the stiff and swollen. The objective of this study was to know the antiinflammatory activity of leaves extract of daruju, in the form of edema reduction of mices feet induced carrageenan. The method used in the form of maceration and partition extraction followed by phytochemical test of crude extract and the fraction of result of partition. Furthermore, the crude extract and the fraction of the result of the partition were tested for the reduction of edema mices feet induced carrageenan. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the best antiinflammatory activity because it was able to decrease the edema of mices feet by 75% at 750 mg / kg BW. Ethyl acetate fraction has the ability to reduce edema because it contains group compounds of flavonoid and terpenoid.
UJI PRAKLINIS EFEK HIPOGLIKEMIK BLIMBING WULUH (AVERRHOA BILIMBI L.) DAN DAUN TAPAK DARA(CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS G) EM Sutrisna
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 13, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v13i1.25

Abstract

Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa perasan air blimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.)dan dekokta daun tapak dara (Catharanthus roseus G) mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada hewan uji. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efek hipoglikemik dari buah blimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) dan daun tapak dara (Catharanthus roseus G) dengan larutan penyari etanol 70%. Sebanyak 40 ekor tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) galus Wistar dibagi dalam 8 kelompok dan diukur  kadar glukosa darah puasanya (GD1). Semua tikus kemudian diinjeksi alloksan monohydrate dosis 30mg/200g bb tikus secara intraperitoneal dan diukur kadar glukosa darah puasanya (GD2). Setelah itu, tikus pada Kelompok I diberi aquadest ad libitum selama 7 hari, kelompok II diberi glibenklamid 0,126 mg/200g BB 1x pemberian. Kelompok III sampai V diberi ekstrak etanol 70% blimbing wuluh berturut-turut dosis 20mg/200g tikus, 40mg/200g tikus, 80mg/200g tikus. Kelompok VI-VIII diberi ekstrak  etanol 70% daun tapak dara berturut-turut dosis 20mg/200g tikus, 40mg/200g tikus, 80mg/200g tikus. Semua ekstrak diberikan per oral selama 7 hari. Semua tikus kemudian diukur kadar glukosa darah puasanya (GD3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% blimbing wuluh dosis 20g/200g; 40g/200g dan 80g/200g mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan persen penurunan berturut-turut sebesar 42,51%; 43,40% dan 58,95%. Ekstrak etanol 70% daun tapak dara(Catharanthus roseus G) dosis 20g/200g; 40g/200g dan 80g/200g mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan persen penurunan berturut-turut sebesar 43,46%; 53,70% dan 58,85% Kata kunci: Hipoglikemik, Averrhoa bilimbi L. dan Catharanthus roseus G
EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAGING BUAH MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM URAT PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI POTASSIUM OXONATE EM Sutrisna
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 11, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v11i2.57

Abstract

Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Sceff.) Boerl.) merupakan tanaman obat yang digunakan secara empiris sebagai obat berbagai penyakit salah satunya asam urat. Asam urat adalah produk akhir metabolisme purin pada manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol daging buah mahkota dewa dalam menurunkan kadar asam urat mencit putih jantan yang diinduksi potassium oxonate 250mg/kgBB. Dua puluh lima ekor mencit jantan diberi jus hati ayam konsentrasi 10% 3 kali sehari selama 2 hari, lalu dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok I kontrol negatif (CMC Na 0,5% p.o 0,5ml/20gBB). Kelompok II kontrol positif (allopurinol p.o 10mg/kgBB). Kelompok III, IV dan V diberi sediaan ekstrak etanol daging buah mahkota dewa dosis berturut-turut 1,25; 2,5 dan 5g/kgBB. Kelompok I-V dibuat hiperurisemia dengan induksi potassium oxonate 250mg/kgBB secara intraperitoneal 1 jam setelah pemberian sediaan uji. Darah diambil dari vena opthalmicus 2 jam setelah pemberian potassium oxonate, serum ditambah reagen uric acid*FS TBHBA (2,4,6,tribromo 3-hydroxy benzoid acid) dan dibaca kadar asam uratnya pada panjang gelombang 546 nm. Data persentase penurunan kadar asam urat diuji dengan ANAVA satu jalan (taraf kepercayaan 95%) dilanjutkan uji Bonferroni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sediaan ekstrak etanol daging buah mahkota dewa dosis 1,25; 2,5 dan 5g/kgBB mampu menurunkan kadar asam urat pada serum darah mencit putih jantan yang diinduksi potassium oxonate. Ekstrak etanol daging buah mahkota dewa dosis 1,25; 2,5 dan 5g/kgBB mempunyai potensi yang sama dengan allopurinol dosis 10mg/kgBB dalam menurunkan kadar asam urat tetapi kemampuan penurunannya lebih allopurinol.  Kata kunci : Phaleria macrocarpa (Sceff.) Boerl., potassium oxonate, asam uratt-family:Calibri'  tingkat kepatuhan mempengaruhi keberhasilan terapi sebesar 18,03%.  Kata kunci: Hipertensi,  kepatuhan, keberhasilan terapi

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