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Elkawnie
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh
ISSN : 24608912     EISSN : 24608920     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Engineering
Elkawnie is a journal of Integration Science and Technology with Islam. It's covering research and technology in the field of study of Architecture, Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Engineering, ICT, Physical Engineering and other science and technology field. In particular, Elkawnie's journal discusses the development of research and technology in contributing to development as part of Muslim scientists in the academic sphere.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025)" : 5 Documents clear
The Relationship Between Conflict Risk of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and Vegetation Density in The Leuser Ecosystem Area of South Aceh District Istafan Najmi; Wira Dharma; Saida Rasnovi
Elkawnie Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v11i1.23571

Abstract

Abstract: Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) in the Leuser Ecosystem of South Aceh rely heavily on dense and diverse vegetation for food and protection. However, vegetation degradation due to deforestation and land conversion has pushed tigers out of their natural habitat, increasing the risk of conflict with humans which threatens the species' survival. This study aims to analyze the relationship between tiger conflict risk and vegetation density using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The research method combines a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach and satellite image-based spatial analysis (Landsat 8/9 or Sentinel) to calculate NDVI, while conflict data was collected through SMART patrols in 13 villages and mapped with ArcGIS. The results show that the Sumatran tiger conflict risk is spatially distributed with a significant level of variation in the study area. High risk dominates with a percentage of 61.5%, mainly concentrated in five sub-districts: Trumon Tengah, Trumon Timur, Tapak Tuan, Kluet Tengah, and Meukek. Meanwhile, moderate risk (23.1%) was identified in Bakongan Timur and Trumon Tengah, and low risk (15.4%) was only found in Bakongan Timur. There is a striking pattern between vegetation density and conflict frequency, with low vegetation areas such as Bakongan Timur (7 cases) and Trumon Tengah (6 cases) recording the highest number of conflicts. In contrast, sub-districts with high vegetation cover such as Meukek, Tapaktuan, and Central Kluet recorded only one case each. These findings strongly indicate that habitat degradation, indicated by low NDVI values, is the main factor driving the increase in negative tiger-human interactions in the region. Abstrak: Harimau Sumatera (Panthera tigris sumatrae) di Kawasan Ekosistem Leuser, Aceh Selatan, sangat bergantung pada vegetasi yang lebat dan beragam sebagai sumber makanan dan perlindungan. Namun, degradasi vegetasi akibat deforestasi dan alih fungsi lahan telah mendorong harimau keluar dari habitat alaminya, sehingga meningkatkan risiko konflik dengan manusia yang mengancam kelangsungan hidup spesies ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara risiko konflik harimau dan kerapatan vegetasi dengan menggunakan Indeks Vegetasi Perbedaan Ternormalisasi (NDVI). Metode yang digunakan menggabungkan pendekatan Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) dan analisis spasial berbasis citra satelit (Landsat 8/9 atau Sentinel) untuk menghitung NDVI, sementara data konflik dikumpulkan melalui patroli SMART di 13 desa dan dipetakan menggunakan ArcGIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa risiko konflik harimau Sumatera tersebar secara spasial dengan tingkat variasi yang signifikan di wilayah studi. Risiko tinggi mendominasi dengan persentase 61,5%, yang terutama terkonsentrasi di lima kecamatan: Trumon Tengah, Trumon Timur, Tapak Tuan, Kluet Tengah, dan Meukek. Sementara itu, risiko sedang (23,1%) teridentifikasi di Bakongan Timur dan Trumon Tengah, sedangkan risiko rendah (15,4%) hanya ditemukan di Bakongan Timur. Terdapat pola yang mencolok antara kerapatan vegetasi dan frekuensi konflik, di mana wilayah dengan vegetasi rendah seperti Bakongan Timur (7 kasus) dan Trumon Tengah (6 kasus) mencatat jumlah konflik tertinggi. Sebaliknya, kecamatan dengan tutupan vegetasi tinggi seperti Meukek, Tapaktuan, dan Kluet Tengah masing-masing hanya mencatat satu kasus konflik. Temuan ini secara kuat menunjukkan bahwa degradasi habitat, yang ditunjukkan oleh rendahnya nilai NDVI, merupakan faktor utama yang mendorong meningkatnya interaksi negatif antara harimau dan manusia di wilayah ini.  
Graft Copolymerization of Natural Rubber With Functionalized Glycidyl Methacrylate Via Thermal and Free Radical Initiation: Effect of Processing Temperatures and Times Nasirsah Nasirsah; Fatma Suryani Harahap; Muhammad Darwis; Iskandar Safri Hasibuan; Syahruddin Aritonang
Elkawnie Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v11i1.23784

Abstract

Abstract: As an unsaturated elastomer, the natural rubber (NR) is difficult to maintain adhesivity with the other additive materials, limiting their use during the process of manufacturing. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the surface to improve thermal and oxidative resistance. This study aims to modify the natural rubber through a functionalization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and its effect on temperatures and times during processing. Functionalization of NR was carried out via free radical initiation by varying the working times and temperatures. Characterizations via FTIR were performed to confirm the functional groups of NR and functionalized NR, while the analysis of grafting was carried out to describe the propose proposed reaction mechanisms. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups contributing to NR including stretching O-H of peptide group (3285 cm-1), stretching and absorption of CH3 (respectively 2725 cm-1 and 1456 cm-1), and functionalized GMA were observed after functionalization (1730 cm-1). Working times and temperatures allowed the GMA to disperse evenly, resulting higher chance of homo-polymerisation via crosslinking of poly-GMA, optimum at 160-190oC. In conclusion, the thermal initiation process at the optimum temperature allows the maximum grafting degree of GMA on NR, reaching up to 80% at 170°C, and results in a much more stable reaction through free radical initiation. Abstrak: Sebagai salah satu elastomer tak jenuh, karet alam (NR) terbatas dalam menjaga kemampuan daya rekatnya dengan bahan aditif lain, sehingga membatasi penggunaan praktisnya dalam proses manufaktur. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan modifikasi khususnya di permukaan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap panas dan oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi NR melalui fungsionalisasi clycidyl metacrylate (GMA) dan mengkaji pengaruh suhu dan waktu selama proses fungsionalisasi berlangsung. Fungsionalisasi NR diinisiasi melalui radikal bebas dengan variasi waktu dan suhu reaksi. Karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi keberadaan gugus fungsi pada NR dan NR-terfungsionalisasi, sedangkan analisis grafting dilakukan untuk menjelaskan mekanisme reaksi yang diusulkan. Spektra FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi pada NR berupa regangan O–H (3285 cm⁻¹), regangan dan serapan CH₃ (masing-masing pada 2725 cm⁻¹ dan 1456 cm⁻¹), serta munculnya puncak khas GMA-terfungsionalisasi pada 1730 cm⁻¹. Variasi waktu dan suhu reaksi memungkinkan terjadinya dispersi GMA yang lebih merata, meningkatkan peluang terjadinya homopolimerisasi melalui ikatan silang poli-GMA, pada suhu 160–190°C. Secara keseluruhan, proses inisiasi termal pada suhu optimum menghasilkan derajat grafting maksimum GMA pada NR hingga 80% pada 170°C, serta menghasilkan reaksi yang lebih stabil melalui mekanisme inisiasi radikal bebas.  
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) Extract From West Lampung Iffa Afiqa Khairani; Hida Arliani Nur Anisa; Jeane Siswitasari Mulyana; Elisa Nurma Riana; Wahyuni Dian Lestari
Elkawnie Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v11i1.26200

Abstract

Abstract: Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is one of Indonesia's export commodities, which is widely grown in Lampung Province. West Lampung Regency is the main producer of robusta coffee in Lampung Province. Robusta coffee contains various metabolites with potential as an antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This study aims to analyze the metabolite content (phytochemical compounds) of robusta coffee ethanol extract qualitatively and quantitatively, followed by determining antioxidant activity (DPPH method) and antibacterial activity (MIC and MBC method) against tested bacteria including Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Eschericia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Robusta coffee extract from West Lampung showed positive results for phytochemical compounds such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and negative for steroids. The quantification results of total phenolic content (TPC) were 62.88 mgGAE/g extract, total flavonoids content (TFC) were 23.90 mgQE/g extract, total tannins content (TTC) were 176.73 mgTAE/g extract, and total saponins content (TSC) were 10.37%. This extract classified as a very strong antioxidant with an IC50 value of 35.02 ppm, and moderate antibacterial activity at a concentration of MIC/MBC 125/125 ppm against all bacterial tested. Therefore, robusta coffee extract was a natural ingredient with potential antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Abstrak: Kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor Indonesia yang banyak ditanam di Provinsi Lampung. Kabupaten Lampung Barat merupakan penghasil utama kopi robusta di Provinsi Lampung. Kopi robusta mengandung berbagai metabolit yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan metabolit (senyawa fitokimia) dari ekstrak etanol kopi robusta secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan (metode DPPH) dan aktivitas antibakteri (metode MIC dan MBC) terhadap bakteri uji yang meliputi Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Eschericia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, dan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Ekstrak kopi robusta dari Lampung Barat positif mengandung senyawa fitokimia seperti senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, terpenoid, alkaloid, dan negatif steroid. Hasil kuantifikasi kandungan fenolik total (TPC) sebesar 62,88 mgGAE/g ekstrak, kandungan flavonoid total (TFC) sebesar 23,90 mgQE/g ekstrak, kandungan tanin total (TTC) sebesar 176,73 mgTAE/g ekstrak, dan kandungan saponin total (TSC) sebesar 10,37%. Ekstrak ini tergolong antioksidan yang sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 35,02 ppm, dan aktivitas antibakteri sedang pada konsentrasi MIC/MBC 125/125 ppm terhadap seluruh bakteri uji. Dengan demikian, ekstrak kopi robusta merupakan bahan alami yang memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri.  
Utilization of Piji Palm [Pinanga coronata (Blume) Blume] by People Around Baturraden Botanical Garden, Banyumas Regency, Central Jawa Saniyatun Mar'atus Solihah; Mega Atria; Joko Ridho Witono
Elkawnie Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v11i1.26301

Abstract

Abstract: Baturraden Botanical Garden is an ex-situ plant conservation area at the foot of Mount Slamet, Central Java. People around this botanical garden continue to live traditional lives, utilizing plants in their daily lives, including the Piji palm (P. coronata). However, knowledge regarding the use of the P. coronata palm in Indonesia has never been reported; therefore, it needs to be explored to increase ethnobotanical information. This study aimed to obtain utilization information from P. coronata in daily life. The study was conducted in April 2024 in the area around Baturraden Botanical Garden, Baturraden District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java. Information was collected using an interview method using a snowball sampling technique with 37 respondents who were deemed to have broad and specific knowledge of the use of P. coronata. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that people around the Baturraden Botanical Garden utilize P. coronata from nature (growing wild) to support daily life, which is divided into 8 (eight) aspects, including traditional medicine (fruit and shoot parts), ornamental/decorative plants (whole plants and leaves), environmental role (whole plants, stems, and leaves), building materials (stems and leaves), animal feed (leaves and fruit), food ingredients (stem shoots), ritual/culture (leaves and fruit), and handicrafts/tools/toys (stems, leaves, and fruit). The three parts of P. coronata that have high potential and economic value in the industry include the whole plant (ornamental/decorative plants), leaves (crafts), and stem shoots (traditional medicine and food). Abstrak: Kebun Raya Baturraden merupakan kawasan konservasi tumbuhan ex situ yang berada di kaki Gunung Slamet, Jawa Tengah. Kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kebun raya ini masih tradisional, sehingga pemanfaatan tumbuhan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masih dilakukan seperti pemanfaatan palem Piji (P. coronata). Namun demikian, pengetahuan terkait pemanfaatan palem P. coronata di Indonesia belum pernah dilaporkan, maka dari itu perlu digali untuk menambah informasi etnobotaninya. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendapat informasi pemanfaatan P. coronata oleh masyarakat di sekitar Kebun Raya Baturraden dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April 2024 di daerah sekitar Kebun Raya Baturraden, Kecamatan Baturraden, Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Pengumpulan informasi dilakukan dengan metode wawancara dengan teknik snowball sampling terhadap 37 orang responden yang dianggap memiliki pengetahuan yang luas dan spesifik dari pemanfaatan palem P. coronata. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan kualitatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di sekitar Kebun Raya Baturraden memanfaatkan P. coronata dari alam (tumbuh liar) untuk mendukung kehidupan sehari-hari yang terbagi dalam 8 (delapan) aspek, antara lain: pengobatan tradisional (bagian buah dan umbut), tanaman hias/dekorasi (tumbuhan utuh dan daun), peran lingkungan (tumbuhan utuh, batang, dan daun), bahan bangunan (batang dan daun), pakan ternak (daun dan buah), bahan pangan (umbut), ritual/budaya (daun dan buah), dan kerajinan tangan/alat/mainan (batang, daun, dan buah). Tiga bagian P. coronata yang memiliki potensi dan nilai ekonomi yang tinggi dalam industri antara lain: tumbuhan utuh (tanaman hias/dekoratif), daun (kerajinan), dan umbutnya (obat tradisional dan makanan).
Identifying It Governance and Management Objectives (GMO) With COBIT 2019: Case Study Islamic State University Ar-Raniry Venita Ananda; Ghufran Ibnu Yasa; Ima Dwitawati
Elkawnie Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v11i1.26329

Abstract

Abstract: The alignment of IT governance with institutional strategies plays a vital role in improving educational services, innovation, professionalism, collaboration, and communication. This study examines IT governance at UIN Ar-Raniry using the COBIT 2019 framework, with a qualitative approach analyzing documents outlining the institution's vision, mission, goals, and strategies. The analysis identifies client service/stability as the priority design factor, focusing on fostering a customer-oriented service culture while addressing critical risks in data and information management. Key challenges include duplication of initiatives, insufficient IT resources, inadequate staff skills, staff dissatisfaction, outdated systems hindering new initiatives, and poor data quality and integration. To address these challenges, 14 prioritized Governance and Management Objectives (GMOs) were identified from COBIT 2019's 40 sub-domains, including EDM02 (Ensure Benefits Delivery), EDM04 (Ensure Resource Optimization), APO02 (Manage Strategy), APO05 (Manage Portfolio), BAI01 (Manage Programs and Projects), and DSS01 (Manage Operations). These GMOs aim to guide IT governance efforts, optimize resources, address organizational inefficiencies, and improve overall performance. This framework is anticipated to enable UIN Ar-Raniry to effectively create value through IT implementation, ensuring alignment with its strategic goals and addressing its most pressing governance issues. Abstrak: Tata elola teknologi informasi (TI) yang selaras dengan strategi institusi memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan layanan pendidikan, inovasi, profesionalisme, kolaborasi, dan komunikasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis tata kelola TI di UIN Ar-Raniry menggunakan kerangka kerja COBIT 2019, dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang menganalisis dokumen visi, misi, tujuan, dan strategi institusi. Hasil analisis mengidentifikasi client service/stability sebagai prioritas dari desain faktor strategi, dengan tingkat kepentingan tujuan yaitu pada pengembangan budaya layanan yang berorientasi pada pelanggan, serta mengatasi risiko utama dalam pengelolaan data dan informasi. Beberapa tantangan utama yang dihadapi meliputi duplikasi inisiatif, keterbatasan sumber daya TI, kurangnya keterampilan staf, ketidakpuasan staf, sistem yang sudah usang sehingga menghambat inisiatif baru, serta kualitas dan integrasi data yang buruk. Untuk menangani tantangan tersebut, diperoleh 14 Governance and Management Objectives (GMO) yang diprioritaskan diidentifikasi dari 40 sub-domain COBIT 2019, termasuk EDM02 (Ensure Benefits Delivery), EDM04 (Ensure Resource Optimization), APO02 (Manage Strategy), APO05 (Manage Portfolio), BAI01 (Manage Programs and Projects), dan DS501 (Manage Operations). Keempat belas GMO ini dirancang untuk memandu upaya tata kelola TI, mengoptimalkan sumber daya, mengatasi ketidakefisienan organisasi, dan meningkatkan kinerja institusi secara keseluruhan. Kerangka kerja ini diharapkan mampu mendukung UIN Ar-Raniry menciptakan nilai melalui penerapan TI yang efektif serta memastikan keselarasan dengan tujuan strategis dan pengelolaan isu tata kelola yang paling mendesak.

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