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Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial
Published by Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura
ISSN : 1907591X     EISSN : 24423084     DOI : https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v15i2.2734
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Social,
Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial is a high-quality open- access peer-reviewed research journal published by the Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura, Pamekasan, East Java, Indonesia. The focus is to provide readers with a better understanding of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law concerning plurality and living values in Indonesian and Southeast Asian society by publishing articles and research reports. Al-Ihkam specializes in Islamic Jurisprudence and Indonesian and Southeast Asian Islamic Law and aims to communicate original research and relevant current issues. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. It aims primarily to facilitate scholarly and professional discussion over current developments on Islamic Jurisprudence and Law concerning Indonesian and Southeast Asian plurality and living values. Publishing articles exclusively in English or Arabic since 2018, the journal seeks to expand boundaries of Indonesian Islamic Law discourses to access broader English or Arabic speaking contributors and readers worldwide. Hence, it welcomes contributions from international legal scholars, professionals, representatives of the courts, executive authorities, researchers, and students. Al-Ihkam basically contains topics concerning Jurisprudence and Indonesian and Southeast Asian Islamic Law society. Novelty and recency of issues, however, are the priority in publishing. The range of contents covers established Jurisprudence, Indonesian and Southeast Asian Islamic Law society, local culture, to various approaches on legal studies such as comparative Islamic law, political Islamic Law, and sociology of Islamic law and the likes.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Studi Agama
Articles 8 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 14 No. 1 (2019)" : 8 Documents clear
Highlighting Intrinsic Objectives Of Bull Race Culture Based on Maqâshid Al-Syarî’ah Kaleidoscope Ainol Yaqin; Rizqa Ahmadi
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 14 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v14i1.1844

Abstract

This article is to reveal the intrinsic objectives and values of Bull Race culture. Basically, every culture must contain a purpose forecasted by the first initiator. Therefore, it tries to analyze the culture through Islamic Law by using the theories of ‘urf and maqâshid al-syarîah as the approach. The historical data shows that the intrinsic purpose of the culture is to create prosperity by increasing people’s income, especially in crop production. Besides, this culture also gives additional income to the cow’s livestock. As the result, Bull Race culture really gives great benefit to the society. The dry field becomes fertile and the crop production gets much more successfull. Furthermore, the income of cow also increases significantly because the local cows are healthy and fat with high quality meat. Meanwhile, the noble values from the Bull Race culture are: a. hard working, b. cooperative, c. competitive, d. discipline, e. sportive. Considering the intrinsic objectives and cultural values, it concludes that the culture of Bull Race is not contradictory with the Islamic rules. In fact, it is relevant with the maqasidh al-syari’ah providing that it neither hurts the animals (cows) nor contains gambling and any other immoralities. (Artikel ini adalah untuk mengungkap tujuan dan nilai intrinsik budaya kerapan sapi. Pada dasarnya, tiap budaya harus mengandung tujuan yang diramalkan oleh perintis pertama. Artikel ini mencoba menganalisis budaya kerapan sapi dalam Hukum Islam dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori ‘urf dan maqâshid al-syarîah. Data historis menunjukkan bahwa tujuan intrinsik budaya kerapan sapi adalah untuk menciptakan kemakmuran dengan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat, terutama dalam produksi tanaman. Selain itu, budaya ini juga memberikan penghasilan tambahan untuk ternak sapi. Hasilnya, budaya kerapan sapi telah memberi manfaat besar bagi masyarakat. Lahan kering menjadi subur dan produksi tanaman menjadi jauh lebih sukses. Selain itu, pendapatan dari ternak sapi juga meningkat secara signifikan karena sapi lokal sehat dan gemuk dengan daging berkualitas tinggi. Sementara itu, nilai-nilai luhur dari budaya kerapan sapi adalah: a. kerja keras, b. koperasi, c. kompetitif, d. disiplin, e. sportif. Dengan mempertimbangkan tujuan intrinsik dan nilai-nilai budaya, disimpulkan bahwa budaya kerapan sapi tidak bertentangan dengan aturan Islam. Bahkan, relevan dengan maqashid al-syari'ah asalkan tidak menyakiti binatang (sapi) atau mengandung perjudian dan amoralitas lainnya)
Taklif of Lunar and Solar Eclipse Prayers According to Fiqh and Scientific Perspective Achmad Mulyadi Mulyadi
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 14 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v14i1.1862

Abstract

The motion of earth, moon and sun result in natural phenomena which people can directly see and tangibly experience. They occur globally yet are experienced locally, such as the phenomenon of solar and lunar eclipses. In Islamic studies discussion, this leads to specific consequence relating to taklif (compulsion) of worship to perform eclipse prayers. Therefore, this study aims to elaborate whether the local eclipse phenomenon could apply the taklif globally. Another question is on when the obligation is urged to Moslem.Using the approach of fiqh and science through descriptive-analytic method, this study finds that in scientific perspective, both solar and lunar eclipses are sunnatullah or natural phenomenon relating to rotation of earth, moon and sun. From the earth, this phenomenon comes in two types of condition. First, it could be both computed and witnessed, while second, it could only computed but not everyone could eye-nakedly witness it. In fact, solar eclipse, for instance, although globally accessible through digital instruments, could be only manually seen in any local and limited area. Therefore, in the fiqh based perspective, the taklif of eclipse prayers only applies based on matlak wilayatul hukm. It is based on the strong belief that hisab indicates the occurrence of eclipse on any certain area in Indonesia and is empirically proved. The taklif, therefore, only applies for those who see the phenomenon, (Pergerakan bumi, bulan dan matahari mengakibatkan terjadi fenomena alam yang dapat dilihat dan dirasakan secara nyata. Fenomena ini bersifat glabal, akan tetapi dirasakannya secara local seperti fenomena gerhana matahari dan bulan. Dalam kajian keislaman, fenomena ini memunculkan akibat khusus yang berkaitan dengan taklif ibadah, yakni salat gerhana matahari dan bulan. Apakah fenomena gerhana yang bersifat lokal tersebut dapat berlaku secara global, dan kapan taklif tersebut terbebankan pada setiap umat muslim? Dengan pendekatan fiqh dan sains secara deskripstif analitis, artikel ini menemukan bahwa dalan perspektif sains, fenomena gerhana matahari dan bulan adalah sunnatullah yang berkaitan dengan rotasi bumi, bulan dan matahari. Bagi penduduk bumi, fenomena ini dapat dialami dalam dua kondisi, yaitu pertama, dikomputasi sekaligus disaksikan, dan kedua dikomputasi, akan tetapi tidak semua semua orang bisa menyaksikan. Karena itu, fenomena gerhana matahari walaupun dapat dikomputasi secara global, akan tetapi hanya dapat disanksikan secara lokal. Dengan demikian, dalam prsepektrif fiqh, taklif ibadah salat gerhana diberlakukan berdasarkan matlak wilayatul hukm, yaitu apabila diyakinkan bahwa secara hisab menunjukkan terjadi gerhana dalam kawasan tertentu di Indonesia dan dapat dibuktikan dengan fenomena empiriknya, maka taklif salat gerhana tersebut hanya berlaku bagi mereka yang menyaksikan fenomena gerhana tersebut.)
The Transformation of Ijârah: from Fiqh to Syariah Banking Products Hasanudin Hasanudin; Ainul Yaqin
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 14 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v14i1.1893

Abstract

Ijârah begins from the concept of classical fiqh as a transaction that sustains the development of Islamic banking. The wide range of banking products produced from the concept of ijarah is the basis for developing the concept of jurisprudence from classical fiqh contact to banking products in the form of financing. These developments can be seen from a large number of banking products that use ijârah contracts, especially those related to services. This development lies in the merger of ijârah contracts with several other contracts such as wakalah. Another development that exists in the path to ijarah financing is seen from the foundation. In classical fiqh concept, ijârah is a product of fiqh ijtihad which is ẓanni or not binding. Every Muslim may practice the concept of jurisprudence from many scholars as ijtihad. However, in the financing of the surcharge, it is a combination of several contracts and is based on the DSN-MUI fatwa which is more binding for Islamic financial institutions on the recommendation of the Islamic banking law. (Ijârah yang berawal dari konsep fikih klasik merupakan salah satu transaksi yang menopang perkembangan perbankan syariah. Luasnya cakupan produk perbankan yang dihasilkan dari konsep ijarah menjadi dasar bagi pengembagan konsep ijârah dari kontak fikih klasik menuju produk perbankan dalam bentuk pembiayaan. Perkembangan tersebut dapat dilihat dari banyaknya produk perbankan yang menggunkaan akad ijârah terutama yang berkaitan dengan jasa. Perkembangan tersebut terletak dari penggabungan kontrak ijârah dengan beberapa kontrak yang lain seperti wakalah. Perkembangan lain yang ada pada ijârah ke pembiayaan ijarah adalah dilihat dari dasar pijakan. Dalam kensep fikih klasik, ijârah merupakan produk ijtihad fikih yang bersifat dzanni tidak mengikat. Setiap orang Islam boleh mengamalkan konsep ijârah dari ulama manapun yang bersifat ijtihad. Namun dalam pembiayaan ijârah selaian merupakan gabungan dari beberapa akad dan berpijak pada fatwa DSN-MUI yang lebih mengikat bagi lembaga keuangan syariah atas anjuran dari undang-undang perbankan syariah.
Al-Ȃtsȃr al-Mutarattibah ‘Ȃla PERPPU (Lawȃih al-Hukûmiyyah al-Badaliyyah) min al-Munazhzhamȃt al-Mujtama’iyyah raqm 2 li ‘ȃm 2017 dlidda wujûd hizb al-Tahrîr Indûnîsiyȃ min Manzhûr saddi al-dzarî’ah Abdul Jalil; Muhammad Taufiq
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 14 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v14i1.1982

Abstract

The perspective of Islamic constitutional law, The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is in harmony with the principles of Islamic state administration, because the system of government implemented has embraced the principles of Islamic constitution such as; al-Musâwah (equality), al-‘Adâlah (justice), al-Syûrâ (democration), al-Hurriyyah (freedom). The principle is contained in the five precepts of the Panacaila. HTI's efforts to establish a khilafah government according to its version in the Unitary Republic of Indonesia can disrupt the system, basis and philosophy of the State, can result in national disintegration, can eliminate religious tolerance which is substantially the principle in Islamic state administration. The birth of Perppu Number 2 of 2107 has implications for the closure of opportunities (Sadd al-Dzarîah) Community Organizations that have teachings or understandings contrary to Pancasila grow within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and HTI becomes a prohibited organization living in Indonesia. According to the consequentialist approach, the existence of HTI threatens the sovereignty of the State, so that being included in the category of levels of sadd al-dzarîah which has the effect of causing harm and danger therefore, to avoid alternative declarations dissolving HTI is the right choice that must be put forward.
The Study of Maqashidi Sharia Toward Maduresse Traditional Inheritance by Using System Approach Mohammad Hipni
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 14 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v14i1.2159

Abstract

In traditional societies such as Maduresse who carry out religious teaching strongly, women in certain contexts are generally positioned in the lower position than men. However, in the cultural context of Maduresse inheritance, women are on the equal footing with men. Even, parents give more priority on the legacy to their daughters. The purpose of this study is to understand the phenomenon of the women position in traditional Maduresse legacy by using maqashid sharia particularly the system approach. The use of system approach aims to explain parts that influence the position of women in Maduresse traditional inheritance system and determine the legislation ratio on the legal phenomenon. This research discovers that women in Madurese society are considered not only as passive family members, but also as a symbol of honor and sustainability in Madurese family. These arguments make Maduresse’s understanding on the inheritance verses more comprehensive. Therefore, women are positioned equal with men for the legacy distribution in Madura traditional inheritance (Pada masyarakat tradisional seperti Madura dengan karakter keras memegang teguh agama, wanita pada konteks tertentu diletakkan dalam posisi yang lebih rendah dari pada laki-laki. Namun, dalam konteks kewarisan adat Madura, wanita diposisikan setara dengan kaum laki-laki. Bahkan, orang tua memberikan prioritas lebih atas bagian waris anak perempuannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami fenomena kedudukan wanita dalam waris adat Madura dengan menggunakan maqãshid syarĩah khususnya pendekan sistem. Analisis sistem ini diharapkan mampu menjelaskan bagian-bagian yang memengaruhi kedudukan wanita dalam sistem waris adat Madura dan mengetahui ratio legis dari fenomena hukum tersebut. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa wanita dalam masyarakat Madura dianggap tidak hanya sebagai anggota keluarga pasif, namun sebagai simbol kehormatan dan simbol keberlangsungan keluarga masyarakat Madura. Pandangan yang demikian membuat pemahaman terhadap ayat waris lebih komprehensif. Oleh karena itu, wanita diposisikan setara dengan laki-laki dalam pembagian waris adat yang dipraktikkan dalam adat masyarakat Madura)
The Urgency to Incorporate the Islamic Concept of Rights into the International Human Rights Law Course in Indonesian Law Schools Sigit Riyanto; Fajri Matahati Muhammadin
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 14 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v14i1.2166

Abstract

The discourse between International Human Rights Law (IHRL) and Islam has been a longstanding one. However, not all IHRL courses in Indonesia include Islamic human rights as one of the taught chapters. This normative research explores the urgency to include Islamic human rights in the IHRL curriculum, and finds that it is indeed urgent to do so. There are two reasons found to include Islamic human rights in IHRL. First, as a counter towards the Eurocentric discourse of IHRL. Second, there are paradigmatic differences between IHRL and Islam which, if not understood, will make it difficult to fairly consider the discourse and analyze the derivative issues. There are two paradigmatic differences between IHRL and Islamic human rights, which are the epistemology and rights-obligation construction (Diskursus antara Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional (HHAMI) dan Islam telah ada sejak lama dan hingga kini tidak habis-habis. Akan tetapi, ternyata tidak semua mata kuliah HHAMI yang diajarkan di fakultas-fakultas hukum Indonesia mencakupi HAM Islam sebagai salah satu pokok bahasan. Penelitian yang bersifat normatif ini akan mengkaji urgensi memasukkan konsep HAM Islam ke dalam kurikulum HHAMI, dan ditemukan bahwa hal tersebut memang memiliki urgensi. Ditemukan dua alasan utama untuk melakukan hal tersebut. Pertama, sebagai salah satu counter terhadap naratif Eurosentrisme dalam diskursus HHAMI. Kedua, ternyata ada beberapa perbedaan yang bersifat paradigmatic antara HHAMI dan Islam, yang apabila tidak dikenal maka akan sulit mendudukkan diskursus HHAMI dan Islam dengan akurat apalagi mengkaji isu-isu turunan dengan tepat. Perbedaan paradigmatic ini ada dua, yaitu pada tatanan epistemology serta konstruksi antara hak dan kewajiban)
The Contract of the Social Security Agency for Employment (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) in The Perspective of Sharîa Economic Law bahjatul imaniyah
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 14 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v14i1.2197

Abstract

In providing social security, the government requires all Indonesian workers to become members of the BPJS Employment. However, because the majority of the population is Muslim who live based on the laws of the Qur'an and Sunnah, it is necessary to review whether the BPJS Employment has fulfilled the syarî'ah economic law or not. By applying the method of normative legal research and interview techniques to parties concerned, this study concludes that the contract of the BPJS Employment program does not deviate from the sharia economic law (Islamic economic law) because, in the compensation on accident during the work program (JKK) it can be categorized as tabarru’ contract which only applies to virtue. The Death Insurance program (JKM) is an implementation of at-takmin at-ta’âwuniy, which is ta’âwun in a tabarru’ conrract.  As for the Old Age security program (JHT), it’s concept is similar to the contract of mudlârabah musytarakah. The same goes for the Pension Insurance (JP) program as a transition from the contract for wârits.
Specific Treatment of Elderly Pilgrims on Hajj According to the Hadith ; The Approach of Mukhtalif Ahadis Masyithah Mardhatillah
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 14 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v14i1.2290

Abstract

Most of Indonesian hajj pilgrims are elderly due to approximately 23 years waiting period. This paper aims to elaborate specific treatment of elderly pilgrims according to the hadith. Some hadith imply indirect prohibition to perform hajj by themselves while others still  motivate the hajj in a hard condition. Using the approach of mukhtalif ahâdits, this paper seeks to answer three questions. First, how did hadith say about specific treatment of elderly hajj pilgrims. Second, how to deal with two groups of hadith which slightly look different. Third, how is proper contextual interpretation on the hadith in Indonesian contemporary life. The data compilation is through literature reviews and interviews. Then, the two groups of hadith are compromised using a method called al-jam’u wa al-tawfiq. It truns out that the first hadith applies for those who can’t really perform the hajj while another is for those with physical problems but could still stand for hajj using some facilities and policies. Those all lead to an inevitable need for a special hajj manasik for elderly so they could perform the hajj with better preparation. (Dengan waktu tunggu keberangkatan kurang lebih 23 tahun, sebagian besar jama’ah haji Indonesia adalah lansia. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan pandangan hadist soal perlakuan khusus terhadap jama’ah lansia. Beberapa hadist menyiratkan imbauan untuk tidak melaksanakan haji secara langsung, sedang beberapa lain tetap memotivasi pelaksanaan haji dalam keadaan sulit sekalipun. Dengan pendekatan mukhtalif ahâdits, penelitian ini fokus menjawab tiga persoalan. Pertama, bagaimana pandangan hadist terhadap jamaah lansia. Kedua, bagaimana mengompromikan dua (kelompok) hadist yang sekilas tampak berbeda. Ketiga, bagaimana interpretasi kontekstual hadist-hadist tersebut dalam konteks Indonesia dewasa ini. Data penelitian didapat melalui penelusuran pustaka dan wawancara. Dua kelompok hadist kemudian dikompromikan dengan metode al-jam’u wa al-tawfiq. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa hadist pertama berlaku bagi jama’ah yang benar-benar tidak bisa melaksanakan haji, sedang yang kedua adalah bagi mereka dengan kemampuan fisik yang minim namun masih memanfaatkan fasilitas dan kebijakan yang ada. Dari situ, adanya sebuah manasik (kelas haji) khusus lansia di Indonesia menjadi keniscayaan agar jama’ah lansia dapat semakin maksimal memersiapkan dan melaksanakan haji)

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