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Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial
Published by Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura
ISSN : 1907591X     EISSN : 24423084     DOI : https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v15i2.2734
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Social,
Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial is a high-quality open- access peer-reviewed research journal published by the Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura, Pamekasan, East Java, Indonesia. The focus is to provide readers with a better understanding of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law concerning plurality and living values in Indonesian and Southeast Asian society by publishing articles and research reports. Al-Ihkam specializes in Islamic Jurisprudence and Indonesian and Southeast Asian Islamic Law and aims to communicate original research and relevant current issues. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. It aims primarily to facilitate scholarly and professional discussion over current developments on Islamic Jurisprudence and Law concerning Indonesian and Southeast Asian plurality and living values. Publishing articles exclusively in English or Arabic since 2018, the journal seeks to expand boundaries of Indonesian Islamic Law discourses to access broader English or Arabic speaking contributors and readers worldwide. Hence, it welcomes contributions from international legal scholars, professionals, representatives of the courts, executive authorities, researchers, and students. Al-Ihkam basically contains topics concerning Jurisprudence and Indonesian and Southeast Asian Islamic Law society. Novelty and recency of issues, however, are the priority in publishing. The range of contents covers established Jurisprudence, Indonesian and Southeast Asian Islamic Law society, local culture, to various approaches on legal studies such as comparative Islamic law, political Islamic Law, and sociology of Islamic law and the likes.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Studi Agama
Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020)" : 7 Documents clear
Gender Sensitivity at Judge's Verdicts in Samarinda and Magelang Religious Courts; The Implementation of PERMA Number 03 of 2017 Lilik Andar Yuni; Murjani Murjani
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v15i2.2714

Abstract

Allegedly, some of judge’s verdicts are gender-biased that it makes this an interesting research topic. This paper aims to observe gender sensitivity of judges’ verdicts in Samarinda and Magelang Religious Courts as the implementation of PERMA Number 03 of 2017 during 2017-2019. As empirical normative legal research, this study used a qualitative descriptive method as the data analysis. The findings of research are: First, judges’ verdicts, both in ṭalāq and divorce cases, in Magelang Religious Court showed very good gender sensitivity. The different condition occurred in ṭalāq divorce verdicts at Samarinda Religious Court during 2017 and 2018 although in 2019, it showed a little improvement on gender sensitivity. However, verdicts of divorce lawsuit from 2017 to 2019 did not show likewise and it was very poor in gender sensitivity. Second, in Magelang Religious Court, PERMA Number 03 of 2017 had been very well implemented whereas in Samarinda Religious Court, it did not so as there found no much differences between verdicts before issuence of the PERMA and afterward.(Beberapa putusan hakim dinilai bias gender sehingga topik ini menjadi menarik untuk diteliti. Tulisan ini ingin mengkaji sensitivitas gender dalam putusan hakim di Pengadilan Agama Magelang dan Samarinda serta implementasi PERMA Nomor 03 Tahun 2017 selama 2017-2019. Sebagai penelitian hukum normatif empiris, tulisan ini menggunakan metode analisis data deskriptif kualitatif. Temuan penelitian adalah: Pertama, putusan hakim di Pengadilan Agama Magelang, baik dalam kasus cerai ṭalāq maupun cerai gugat, sudah menunjukkan sensitivitas gender yang sangat baik. Sementara itu untuk Pengadilan Agama Samarinda, putusan cerai ṭalāq pada 2017 dan 2018 tidaklah demikian meski ada sedikit kemajuan dalam hal sensitivitas gender pada putusan-putusan tahun 2019. Buruknya sensitivitas gender juga tampak di berbagai putusan cerai gugat di Pengadilan Agama Samarinda sejak 2017 sampai 2019. Kedua, PERMA Nomor 03 Tahun 2017 sudah terimplementasi dengan sangat baik di Pengadilan Agama Magelang. Namun demikian, hal yang sama tidak ditemukan di Pengadilan Agama Samarinda sebab keberadaan PERMA tersebut tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap putusan-putusan yang dikeluarkan sebelum maupun sesudahnya)
The Development of Fiqh Munākaḥah (Marriage Jurisprudence) Material Course in Madurese Islamic Universities and Its Relation with Gender Equality and Divorce Prevention Maimun Maimun; Ainul Haq Nawawi; Abdul Haq Syawqi
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v15i2.2734

Abstract

Abstract:Explanation of Law 1/1974, number 4 point e, obviously accentuates the principle of complicating divorce process such as requirement to have specific reasons and obligation to perform divorce in front of the court trial. The second is in line with article 115 of KHI (Kompilasi Hukum Islam; Islamic Compilation Book). These show how divorce requires prevention from both persons and institutions, including Islamic universities. Islamic universities have both academic and social responsibilities to prevent divorce due to their strategic duties and function in community development and empowerment, specifically for spreading knowledge, technology and artwork. This research aims to identify how far Madurese Islamic universities perform their roles and function by designing fiqh munakahat materials for its students as prospective husbands and wives. It focuses on whether the materials get developed and are compatible with gender equality and divorce prevention efforts. Using qualitative approach particularly its phenomenological type, this study took place in several Madurese Islamic universities. It revealed that the latest development of fiqh munakahat materials are still more about normative study from classical fiqh literature that it has no relevance to either gender equality spirit or  divorce prevention effort.Abstrak:(Penjelasan UU Nomor I/1974, angka 4 huruf e, jelas menekankan prinsip untuk mempersukar perceraian dengan mewajibkan alasan-alasan tertentu serta mengharuskan proses perceraian dilakukan di depan siding pengadilan. Point kedua tersebut juga senada dengan KHI Pasal 115. Ini membuktikan bahwa perceraian harus dicegah oleh siapapun, baik perorangan ataupun instansi, termasukPerguruan Tinggi Islam. Perguruan Tinggi Islam memiliki tanggung jawab akademik dan social karena tugas dan fungsinya yang strategis dalam pengembangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat, terutama dalam penyebaran pengetahuan, teknologi dan seni. Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana Perguruan Tinggi Islam di Madura menjalankan peran dan fungsinya tersebut, penelitian ini menelusuri kajian fiqh munakahat sebagai bahan konsumsi bagi calon-calon suami dan istri, khususnya apakah materi-materi tersebut sudah berkembang dan sesuai dengan wacana kesetaraan gender dan upaya pencegahan perceraian. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berjenis fenomenologis, penelitian ini mengambil setting di beberapa Perguruan Tinggi Islam di Madura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan terbaru kajian fiqh munakahat masih didominasi kajian normative dari sumber fiqh klasik sehingga belum relevan dengan semangat kesetaraan gender maupun pencegahan perceraian).
Dhamânu Muntijâti al-Halâl li Himâyati Huqûqi al-Mustahlikîn M Cholil Nafis
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v15i2.3660

Abstract

AbstractPatent has a prominent place in people’s lives, as it constitutes a basic engine of progress, and becomes measure of the progress and richness of nations. Countries that possess a huge percentage of patents occupy high positions among other countries and have political influence against other countries. Therefore, the countries of the world have agreed to conduct agreements to protect it, on top of which is the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). When the State of Indonesia agreed to sign this agreement, it had to provide legal cover in the field of patent through Law number 13 of 2016. After careful study of this law and Islamic jurisprudence, including its principles, and its purposes, the research sees that the Indonesian Law and Islamic Jurisprudence agree that patent is considered as wealth and property. So, they agree on the necessity of patent protection, and imposing the punishment for the aggressor. They also agree on the patent exploitation, whether it is personal exploitation or through a license contract. However, Islamic jurisprudence has established controls for the exploitation of innocence, the most important of which is that exploitation does not harm others. ملخص البحثالتشريع القانوني وضمان المنتجات الحلال للمستهلكين المسلمين من أهم أمر أساسي. وذلك أن من واجبات المسلم أن لا يقتصرالاهتمام باستهلاك المنتجات الخالية من المخاطر الكيميائية والمواد الضارة بالصحة، بالإضافة إلى ذلك فلابد أيضا أن يهتم بحلال المنتجات من ناحية ماهيتها ومعالجتها وفقا للتشريع الإسلامي. وكذلك يجب أن تكون منتجات الملابس مطهرة وليست مصنوعة من أشياء نجسة، لأنها تفسد العبادة والصحة النفسية. دستور الدولة والقوانين واللوائح التي نتص على ضمان منتجات الحلال هي دليل على التزام الحكومة بالتواجد في توفير الحماية للمسلمين هم أعظم المستهلكين في إندونيسيا. أصبح القانون رقم 33 سنة 2014 بشأن ضمان المنتج الحلال والذي دخل حيز التنفيذ في 17 أكتوبر 2019، هو نقطة البداية أن الدولة توفر ضمانات وحمايات لمواطنيها للحصول على الغذاء والأدوية والمواد المستهلكة وفقًا لإرشادات الإيمان. ومع ذلك، فإن تنفيذ القانون وتطبيقه لا يزال يحتوي على استثنائية السلطة التقديرية (حرية التصرف) بشأن رسومات الكلفة حيث أصبحت عملية تفتيش الحلال تحت رعاية سلطة منظمة تحليل الغذاء والأدوية مستحضرات التجميل عضو مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي حتى صدور قرار وزير المالية بشأن رسومات كلفة خدمة شهادة الحلال. ولا تزال هذه استثنائية السلطة التقديرية (حرية التصرف) تؤثر بشكل أو بآخر على برنامج إلزام شهادة الحلال لكل منتجات يتم تسويقها في إندونيسيا من خلال إلصاق علامة/ختم الحلال. 
Moluccas Local Wisdom in the Role of Marriage Arbitrator for Preventing Domestic Violence Ahmad Lonthor; La Jamaa
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v15i2.3677

Abstract

This research aims to reveal the Moluccas local wisdom through the existence of marriage arbitrators among Muslim community in Salahutu, Leihitu, and West Leihitu, Central Maluku. The data were collected through observation and interviews with community leaders, marriage arbitrators and their married sisters and then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The research results showed that the marriage arbitrators come from a male distant relative who was appointed by custom as a part of the marriage custom. The appointment aims to strengthen the family relationship between the bride (married sister) and the arbitrator in which they can help each other. Traditionally, an arbitrator serves to help the bride in both material and non-material aspects, particularly in preventing domestic violence. He can become a mediator, peacemaker, and helper of the economic hardship as well as preventing the married sister from psychological domestic violence. Furthermore, he can also provide protection for his married sister from the threat of her husband’s physical violence. This research found that the role of marriage arbitrators as peacemakers in preventing husband’s violence against their married sisters is relevant to hakamain concept in Islamic law as well as the provisions of "safe houses by the community," in Law No. 23/2004.(Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan peran kearifan lokal saudara kawin  pada masyarakat Muslim di Kecamatan Salahutu, Leihitu dan Leihitu Barat Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara kepada tokoh masyarakat, saudara kawin dan saudari kawin kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa saudara kawin adalah laki-laki dari kerabat jauh yang diangkat secara adat sebagai bagian dari adat perkawinan. Hal itu bertujuan untuk mempererat hubungan kekeluargaan antara saudara kawin dengan saudari kawinnya di mana keduanya bias saling membantu. Secara adat, saudara kawin bertugas membantu mempelai perempuan (istri) dalam hal material maupun non-material, utamanya untuk mencegah tindak kekerasan dalam rumah tangga si saudari kawin. Saudara kawin bisa berperan sebagai penengah, juru damai, sekaligus membantu kesulitan ekonomi keluarga saudari kawinnya, termasuk mencegah terjadinya kekerasan psikis saudari kawinnya. Lebih jauh, saudara kawin juga bisa berperan melindungi saudari kawinnya dari ancaman kekerasan fisik suaminya. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran saudara kawin sebagai juru damai yang mencegah kekerasan suami kepada istri relevan dengan konsep hakamain dalam hukum Islam serta ketentuan ”rumah aman oleh masyarakat,” dalam Undang-undang RI Nomor 23 Tahun 2004)
Fiqh And Custom Negotiation In Inheritance Dispute Tradition At Mataraman Society, East Java Miftahul Huda; Niswatul Hidayati; Khairil Umami
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v15i2.3787

Abstract

This article reveals the negotiation model in inheritance dispute resolution among Mataraman society at East Java as a response to the high number of inheritance dispute which often becomes an acute family social problem. Conducting field research on seven families carrying out inheritance distribution process, this article classifies three models of Mataraman society’s negotiation in inheritance dispute resolution. They are negotiation using formulation of theology cum tradition, negotiation using fiqh cum tradition, and negotiation using indigenous wisdom and diversity. Among the three, the formulation of fiqh cum tradition comes as the mainstream solution and offer because it is a middle way to resolve inheritance disputes for the sake of assets unity and harmonious family relationship. It also becomes a role model for social based negotiation process for inheritance distribution in a multicultural society.(Artikel ini menggali model negosiasi dalam penyelesaian sengketa waris pada masyarakat Mataraman Jawa Timur sebagai respons atas tingginya angka sengketa waris yang muncul di masyarakat dan acapkali menjadi sengketa akut sosial keluarga. Dengan melakukan riset lapangan terhadap tujuh keluarga yang mengalami proses pembagian waris, artikel ini mengklasifikasi tiga model formulasi dalam proses negosiasi penyelesaian sengketa waris di masyarakat Mataraman. Ketiganya adalah negosiasi dengan formulasi teologi agama cum adat, negosiasi dengan formulasi fiqh cum adat, dan negosiasi dengan formulasi kearifan dan keragaman lokal. Dari ketiga formulasi tersebut, model fiqh cum adat menjadi tawaran sekaligus solusi mainstream karena merupakan jalan tengah penyelesaian sengketa waris di masyarakat demi keutuhan aset dan keharmonisan hubungan keluarga. Kategori tersebut sekaligus menjadi role model atas proses negosiasi dalam tradisi pembagian waris berdimensi sosial dalam masyarakat multikultur) 
Green Fatwas in Bahtsul Masāil: Nahdlatul Ulama's Response to the Discourse on the Environmental Crisis in Indonesia Moh. Mufid
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v15i2.3956

Abstract

AbstractThis article aims to discuss environmental issues in the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) tradition as a response to the phenomenon of the environmental crisis in Indonesia. This article answers the question of what is the social context that underlies the birth of the fatwas with ecological nuances among Nahdlatul Ulama? and how is the contribution of Nahdlatul Ulama in realizing eco-literacy among Nahdliyin? The results of the study indicate that the emergence of ecological fatwas or green fatwas was based on the concern of the Nahdlatul Ulama Executive Board as the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia who realized that the phenomenon of the environmental crisis in Indonesia was increasingly concerning. The idea to respond to this environmental crisis phenomenon has occurred since the 29th NU Congress in Cipasung, Tasikmalaya, West Java. The contribution of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) through the Bahtsul Masail Institute in realizing an environmentally conscious society (eco-literacy) is by formulating ecological nuances from a fiqh perspective as a guide for Nahdliyin in interacting with its environment in a friendly and sustainable manner. In this context, Nahdliyin residents are obliged to fight for the values of environmental preservation (jihād bi'iyah) as a manifestation of the ethical-ecological responsibility of the khalīfah on earth. (Artikel ini bertujuan mendiskusikan respon Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) terhadap fenomena krisis lingkungan di Indonesia. Ia membidik konteks sosial yang melatari lahirnya fatwa-fatwa bernuansa ekologis di kalangan Nahdlatul Ulama serta konstribusinya dalam mewujudkan eco-literacy di kalangan Nahdliyin. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa lahirnya fatwa-fatwa ekologis atau green fatwas dilatari keprihatinan Pengurus Besar Nahdlatul Ulama yang menyadari bahwa fenomena krisis lingkungan di Indonesia semakin memprihatinkan. Gagasan untuk merespon terhadap fenomena krisis lingkungan ini telah muncul sejak Muktamar NU ke-29 di Cipasung, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat. Konstribusi Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) melalui forum Bahtsul Masail dalam mewujudkan masyarakat yang sadar lingkungan (eco-literacy) adalah dengan merumuskan fatwa-fatwa bernuansa ekologis dalam perspektif fiqh sebagai panduan bagi Nahdliyin dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungannya secara ramah dan berkelanjutan. Dalam konteks ini, warga Nahdliyin diwajibkan memperjuangkan nilai-nilai pelestarian lingkungan hidup (jihād bi’iyah) sebagai manifestasi tanggungjawab etis-ekologis khalīfah di bumi)
Ighlāq al-Masājid Man’an lī intishār Fayrūs Corona Dirāsah Taḥlīlīyah fī Ḍaw’ Maqāṣid al-Sharī`ah Habeebullah Zakariyah; Turki Obaid Al-Marri; Bouhedda Ghalia
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v15i2.4018

Abstract

Many Muslim countries prohibit mosques opening because social gathering is regarded as a high probable factor for Corona Virus infection. This paper discusses different opinions of some contemporary scholars on this issue from the Maqāṣidī perspective. It adopts an analytical method to explain the opinions. Findings show that contemporary scholars are of two group: The first group permits the mosques’ closure for realizing the divine objective concerning to life protection out of danger. The second thinks that the mosques’s closure amounts to suspension of congregational prayer as one of Islamic essential exterior rites. The findings illustrate that the life protection constitutes a necessary benefit because putting life in danger is a very serious harm. The life protection is more important than congregational prayer’s objective which complements the necessary objective of religious protection. Moreover, it shares the spirit with the principle saying that any means to achieving what is compulsory also becomes compulsory accordingly. Above all, prohibition of congregational prayer is just a momentary legal permit due to a necessity on its merit the research recommends that religious institution should make people aware to take all measures in stopping the spread of Covid-19 pandemic.أمرت كثير من الدول الإسلامية بإغلاق المساجد باعتبار أن التجمع فيها يمثل سببا محتملا لوقوع العدوى. تهدف الورقة إلى مناقشة آراء العلماء المعاصرين وأدلتهم تجاه هذه القضية وتحليلها في ضوء مقاصد الشريعة. استخدمت الورقة المنهج التحليلي في بيان آراء العلماء المعاصرين والموازنة بين المقاصد. أظهرت نتائج الورقة أن العلماء المعاصرين منقسمون إلى قسمين: فطائفة ترى جواز إغلاق المساجد؛ لأنه يحقق مقصود الشارع في حفظ النفوس من الهلاك، وطائفة أخرى ترى أن هذا الإغلاق تعطيل لشعيرة صلاة الجماعة التي هي شعيرة من شعائر الإسلام الظاهرة. كما أوضحت النتائج أن مصلحة حفظ النفس تمثل مقصدا ضروريا وفوات الأنفس ضرر لا يمكن جبره؛ وهو أقوى في مرتبته من مقصد الصلاة جماعة من حيث إنه في مرتبته مكمل لضروري حفظ الدين. وأن تعطيل الجماعة في الصلاة يمثل رخصة مؤقتة ولضرورة تقدر بقدرها، ولأنها شعار المسلمين، فهو مصلحة مكملة لضروري حفظ الدين، وعليه فالتعارض واقع بين مقصدين متفاوتين في المرتبة، وعليه، فالقول بفتوى غلق المساجد أرجح باعتبار تحقيق المناط؛ ولأنه يحقق مقاصد الشريعة العليا المتمثلة في حفظ الأنفس المعصومة من الهلاك في الجملة. وتوصي الورقة المؤسسات الدينية بالقيام بتوعية الناس بأهمية اتخاذ التدابير الاحترازية لمنع تفشي هذه الجائحة العالمية "كوفيد-19".

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