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Muhammad Jihadul Hayat
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Al-Ahwal Research Centre Department of Islamic Family Law, Faculty of Sharia and Law, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Marsda Adisucipto Street No. 1 Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
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Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : 2085627X     EISSN : 25286617     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14421/ahwal
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Social,
Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Al-Ahwal aims to serve as an academic discussion ground on the development of Islamic Family Law and gender issues. It is intended to contribute to the long-standing (classical) debate and to the ongoing development of Islamic Family Law and gender issues regardless of time, region, and medium in both theoretical or empirical studies. Al-Ahwal always places Islamic Family Law and Gender issues as the focus and scope of academic inquiry.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025)" : 6 Documents clear
The Autonomy of Indonesian Islamic Court: Inventing and Refining ‘Broken Marriage’ as a Unilateral and No-Fault Divorce Ground Farabi, Al
Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ahwal.2025.18201

Abstract

This article discusses important developments of marriage and divorce norms within the Islamic Chamber of the Supreme Court. Focusing on broken marriage ground, this article explores landmark decisions, Supreme Court regulations, Supreme Court circular letters, and yearly plenary meetings. In addition, interviews with judges and emerging discourse available in the quarterly magazine Peradilan Agama, from 2013 onwards, and relevant decisions by the Constitutional Court were also consulted. Employing a critical and chronological legal analysis, the discussion reveals a consistent trend of judicial law-making as apparent in the invention of ‘broken marriage’ as a unilateral and no-fault divorce ground to provide a better and more equal court access for both men and women. However, judges can still employ consideration of fault, especially when the ‘fault’ is relevant to a spouse’s post-divorce rights. These legal breakthroughs show the autonomy of Islamic court, especially to bridge the gaps between a formal application of law and a sense of justice in society. The judges’ autonomy is crucial as the more responsive attitude enhances their social recognition and the court’s legitimacy before the society. In fact, accommodation is not the only logic that works as the judges have also been very careful to ensure that developments do not work against the established interpretation of law and ‘core values’ in Islam. This finding demonstrates that the Islamic courts have served as strategic loci not only for the development of law but also for the encounter of different normative systems. [Artikel ini membahas perkembangan penting mengenai norma-norma perkawinan dan perceraian dalam Kamar Agama Mahkamah Agung. Dengan berfokus pada alasan perceraian karena “perkawinan yang pecah” (broken marriage), artikel ini menelusuri putusan-putusan penting, peraturan Mahkamah Agung, surat edaran Mahkamah Agung, dan hasil rapat pleno tahunan. Selain itu, wawancara dengan para hakim serta wacana yang berkembang dalam majalah triwulanan Peradilan Agama sejak 2013, dan putusan-putusan relevan dari Mahkamah Konstitusi juga dijadikan rujukan. Dengan menggunakan analisis hukum kritis dan kronologis, pembahasan ini mengungkap tren konsisten dalam pembentukan hukum oleh peradilan, yang tampak dalam perumusan “perkawinan yang pecah” sebagai alasan perceraian sepihak dan tanpa kesalahan (unilateral and no-fault divorce ground) untuk memberikan akses peradilan yang lebih baik dan setara bagi laki-laki dan perempuan. Namun demikian, hakim tetap dapat mempertimbangkan unsur kesalahan, terutama ketika “kesalahan” tersebut berkaitan dengan hak-hak pasca-cerai seorang pasangan. Terobosan-terobosan hukum ini menunjukkan adanya otonomi peradilan agama, terutama dalam menjembatani kesenjangan antara penerapan hukum secara formal dan rasa keadilan dalam masyarakat. Otonomi hakim sangat penting karena sikap yang lebih responsif meningkatkan pengakuan sosial dan legitimasi peradilan di hadapan masyarakat. Bahkan, akomodasi bukan satu-satunya logika yang bekerja, karena para hakim juga sangat berhati-hati memastikan bahwa perkembangan tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan interpretasi hukum yang sudah mapan dan “nilai-nilai inti” dalam Islam. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peradilan agama telah menjadi lokus strategis bukan hanya bagi perkembangan hukum, tetapi juga bagi perjumpaan berbagai sistem normatif.]
Among the Laws of Arab Gulf States: Minimum Age of Marriage for Women in Omani Legislation Al Mamari, Saleh Said; Al Aghbari, Fahad Yousuf; Al Rashdi, Ahmed Khalifa; Al Shabibi, Zahira Hamood; Nizar Qeshta; Al Musalhi, Salim Ahmed
Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ahwal.2025.18104

Abstract

This study addresses the issue of legal age of marriage for Omani women from human rights perspective, with a particular focus on the Omani legislation. It provides an analysis of relevant provisions within Omani law, particularly Articles 7 and 10 of the Personal Status Law, which stipulate the necessity of mental capacity and attainment of the age of majority for the validity of a marriage contract, while allowing judicial discretion in exceptional circumstances. The study further explores judicial interpretations by the Supreme Court, underscoring the fundamental principles of a woman’s consent and autonomy in the decision to marry. A comparative analysis with Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, and Bahrain, is also conducted, highlighting disparities in the determination of the legal marriage age and the implications of the lack of official marriage registration on the protection of girls’ rights. The establishment of 18 as the legal marriage age in Omani law was not a reactive measure to international recommendations but rather preceded and aligns with them, drawing upon respected Islamic jurisprudential authorities such as Ibn Abbas and Imam Abu Hanifa. The Omani experience offers a balanced model that reconciles Sharia laws with the requirements of international conventions, without compromising core principles or yielding to external pressures. [Penelitian ini membahas usia minimum perkawinan bagi perempuan di Oman dari perspektif hak asasi manusia, dengan fokus pada peraturan perundang-undangan Oman. Kajian ini menyajikan analisis terhadap ketentuan-ketentuan yang relevan dalam hukum Oman, khususnya Pasal 7 dan Pasal 10 Undang-Undang Status Personal, yang mensyaratkan adanya kecakapan mental dan pencapaian usia dewasa sebagai syarat sahnya suatu akad perkawinan, sekaligus memberikan ruang bagi diskresi hakim dalam keadaan-keadaan tertentu yang bersifat luar biasa. Penelitian ini juga mengkaji interpretasi yudisial oleh Mahkamah Agung, dengan menekankan prinsip-prinsip fundamental mengenai persetujuan dan otonomi perempuan dalam pengambilan keputusan menikah. Selain itu, dilakukan pula analisis perbandingan dengan negara-negara anggota Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), termasuk Uni Emirat Arab, Arab Saudi, Kuwait, Qatar, dan Bahrain, yang menyoroti perbedaan dalam penentuan usia legal perkawinan serta implikasi dari tidak adanya pencatatan perkawinan secara resmi terhadap perlindungan hak-hak anak perempuan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penetapan usia 18 tahun sebagai usia legal perkawinan dalam hukum Oman bukan merupakan respons reaktif terhadap rekomendasi internasional, melainkan telah mendahului dan sejalan dengan rekomendasi tersebut, dengan merujuk pada otoritas-otoritas fikih Islam yang dihormati seperti Ibnu Abbas dan Imam Abu Hanifah. Pengalaman Oman menawarkan sebuah model yang seimbang dalam merekonsiliasi hukum Syariah dengan tuntutan konvensi internasional, tanpa mengorbankan prinsip-prinsip dasar maupun tunduk pada tekanan eksternal.]
A Loose Legal Protection: Women Consumers’ Losses in Digital Commerce Hakim, Faisal Luqman; Adi Sulistiyono; Suwadi, Pujiyono
Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ahwal.2025.18202

Abstract

The losses suffered by women consumers in the purchase of cosmetics and skincare products through e-commerce transactions have emerged as a critical legal issue amid the rapid expansion of digital commerce. This situation undermines public trust, particularly as women consumers often do not receive adequate legal protection due to unclear and fragmented regulatory frameworks. Examining the issue from its root causes, this study analyzes existing legal protection mechanisms for women consumers against negligence by cosmetic and skincare sellers in e-commerce transactions. The analysis draws on consumer complaints reported across various media platforms, responses from business actors, and legal actions undertaken by affected women consumers. Data were collected through documentation of printed and online media reports, court decisions, and in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that women consumers frequently suffer losses resulting from sellers’ negligence, including misleading product information, unsafe cosmetic products, and ineffective complaint-handling mechanisms. These losses are further exacerbated by the absence of clear and effective regulations governing consumer legal remedies. This article argues that the current legal framework has not yet provided optimal protection for women consumers in digital commerce. Accordingly, it recommends strengthening regulatory provisions on consumer remedies in a clearer and more concrete manner to ensure effective legal protection for women consumers in e-commerce transactions. [Kerugian yang dialami oleh konsumen perempuan dalam pembelian produk kosmetik dan perawatan kulit melalui transaksi e-commerce sering kali menjadi isu krusial seiring dengan pesatnya perkembangan perdagangan dalam dunia digital. Namun, kepercayaan publik terhadap trasaksi itu terlukai, terutama, karena konsumen perempuan kerap tidak memperoleh perlindungan hukum yang memadai akibat regulasi yang tidak jelas dan terfragmentasi. Dengan menelusuri akar permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisis mekanisme perlindungan hukum yang tersedia bagi konsumen perempuan terhadap kelalaian pelaku usaha kosmetik dan perawatan kulit dalam transaksi e-commerce. Analisis ini didasarkan pada pengaduan konsumen yang dilaporkan melalui berbagai platform media, tanggapan dari pelaku usaha, serta upaya hukum yang ditempuh oleh konsumen perempuan yang dirugikan. Data dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi laporan media cetak dan daring, putusan pengadilan, serta wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumen perempuan kerap mengalami kerugian akibat kelalaian pelaku usaha, antara lain berupa informasi produk yang menyesatkan, peredaran produk kosmetik yang tidak aman, serta mekanisme penanganan pengaduan yang tidak efektif. Kerugian tersebut semakin diperparah oleh ketiadaan pengaturan yang jelas dan efektif mengenai upaya hukum bagi konsumen. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa kerangka hukum yang berlaku saat ini belum memberikan perlindungan yang optimal bagi konsumen perempuan dalam perdagangan digital. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan pengaturan hukum terkait mekanisme pemulihan hak konsumen secara lebih jelas dan konkret guna menjamin perlindungan hukum yang efektif bagi konsumen perempuan dalam transaksi e-commerce.]
Vulnerability and Legal Protection of Indonesian Women Migrant Workers Kadir Jaelani, Abdul; Anila Robbani; Doniyorbek Baxtiyor Ugli Imomniyozov; Wan Mohd Khairul Firdaus Wan Khairuldin; Abdul Hanis Embong
Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ahwal.2025.18203

Abstract

International labor migration has become an important livelihood strategy for many Indonesians in response to limited domestic employment opportunities and persistent economic pressures. Nevertheless, Indonesian women migrant workers remain highly vulnerable to human rights violations, unsafe working conditions, and social insecurity, particularly in the domestic, construction, and manufacturing sectors. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of protection programs for Indonesian women migrant workers by drawing lessons from Southeast Asian experiences, with specific attention to socio-demographic characteristics, economic drivers, and placement channels that shape migration patterns. The research employs a qualitative normative and socio-legal approach, combining regulatory analysis, policy review, and secondary data from relevant institutional reports and academic literature. The findings indicate that low educational attainment, limited employment opportunities in regions of origin, and reliance on informal placement networks significantly increase workers’ exposure to exploitation and rights abuses. Government protection programs implemented at the pre-departure, placement, and post-return stages demonstrate substantial potential to reduce these risks when executed in a consistent and coordinated manner. Pre-departure training enhances legal awareness and work readiness, consular and protection services contribute to case handling in destination countries, and reintegration programs support social and economic recovery upon return. However, the overall effectiveness of these measures remains constrained by weak supervision of recruitment agencies, uneven training quality, and limited protection access for domestic workers. The study concludes that strengthening formal placement channels, improving migration literacy, and enforcing stricter oversight are essential to achieving safe, dignified, and sustainable labor migration for Indonesian women migrant workers.
(Ir)Rationality among Migrant Worker Families in Ponorogo: The Demolition of Joint Property after Divorce Aini, Shofwatul; Hidayati, Niswatul
Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ahwal.2025.18206

Abstract

House demolition as a solution to joint property disputes appears to be an option for some Ponorogo migrant workers. In 2022, there were five cases of house demolitions in Ponorogo involving migrant families in Ponorogo. This study addresses three main issues: (1) the reasons why some migrant worker couples prefer to demolish joint-property houses; (2) how these reasons can be understood through Homans' theory of rational action; and (3) the socio-economic impacts of these actions. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis. This study argues that, first, the primary reason husbands and wives choose to demolish their house is due to feelings of disappointment and betrayal by their partners, coupled with fear that the house might later be used as a residence for their ex-partners and their new partners. Second, the act of demolishing the house is considered rational because the emotional harm caused by betrayal is perceived as equivalent to suffering an economic loss. Third, this demolition has socio-economic consequences for their children, who are unable to benefit from their parents' property. [Pembongkaran rumah sebagai solusi atas sengketa harta bersama tampaknya menjadi salah satu pilihan yang ditempuh oleh sebagian pekerja migran asal Ponorogo. Pada tahun 2022, tercatat lima kasus pembongkaran rumah di Ponorogo yang melibatkan keluarga pekerja migran. Penelitian ini mengkaji tiga persoalan utama, yaitu: (1) alasan pasangan pekerja migran memilih membongkar rumah yang merupakan harta bersama; (2) bagaimana alasan tersebut dapat dipahami melalui teori tindakan rasional Homans; dan (3) dampak sosial-ekonomi yang ditimbulkan dari tindakan tersebut. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dan analisis dokumen. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa, pertama, alasan utama suami dan istri memilih membongkar rumah adalah karena adanya perasaan kekecewaan dan pengkhianatan oleh pasangan, disertai kekhawatiran bahwa rumah tersebut kelak akan digunakan sebagai tempat tinggal oleh mantan pasangan bersama pasangan barunya. Kedua, tindakan pembongkaran rumah dipandang sebagai tindakan rasional karena kerugian emosional akibat pengkhianatan dimaknai setara dengan kerugian ekonomi. Ketiga, pembongkaran tersebut menimbulkan konsekuensi sosial-ekonomi, terutama bagi anak-anak, yang pada akhirnya tidak dapat menikmati atau memanfaatkan harta yang telah diusahakan oleh kedua orang tuanya selama masa perkawinan.]
Migration, Gender, and Integration: Syrian Women's Experiences in Türkiye Yanik Aslan, Sibel
Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ahwal.2025.18205

Abstract

The global phenomenon of migration in the 21st century, often referred to as the "Age of Migration," is characterized by the increasing feminization of migratory flows and the growing recognition of women's distinct experiences within these processes. In the context of Syria, prolonged conflict and displacement have rendered women particularly vulnerable, yet have also positioned them as active agents in survival and integration processes within host societies such as Türkiye. This study examines the influence of gender on the social, economic, and cultural integration of Syrian women residing in Türkiye under temporary protection. It aims to elucidate the intersection of forced migration, gender norms, and integration dynamics, with a particular focus on the duality of vulnerability and resilience that characterizes the lived experiences of these women. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, this study integrates data from non-governmental organizations and institutional reports, survey results, and extant academic literature. Employing a feminist analytical framework, specifically the theory of the feminization of migration, the article explores the multifaceted dimensions of women's adaptation, encompassing legal status, employment, education, and social participation. The findings indicate that the integration of Syrian women in Türkiye is hindered by patriarchal structures, temporary legal status, and socio-cultural barriers, while also being influenced by their agency and adaptive strategies. The study contends that integration policies lacking a gender-sensitive perspective perpetuate dependency and social exclusion. A comprehensive, rights-based, and gender-inclusive framework is crucial for fostering women's empowerment, strengthening social cohesion, and promoting sustainable integration between migrant and host communities. [Fenomena global migrasi pada abad ke-21, yang sering disebut sebagai “Era Migrasi”, ditandai oleh meningkatnya feminisasi arus migrasi serta semakin besarnya pengakuan terhadap pengalaman khas perempuan dalam proses tersebut. Dalam konteks Suriah, konflik berkepanjangan dan situasi pengungsian telah menjadikan perempuan berada dalam posisi yang sangat rentan, namun sekaligus menempatkan mereka sebagai aktor aktif dalam proses bertahan hidup dan integrasi di masyarakat penerima, seperti Türkiye. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh gender terhadap integrasi sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya perempuan Suriah yang tinggal di Türkiye di bawah status perlindungan sementara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan irisan antara migrasi paksa, norma-norma gender, dan dinamika integrasi, dengan menitikberatkan pada dualitas kerentanan dan resiliensi yang mewarnai pengalaman hidup perempuan Suriah tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini mengintegrasikan data yang bersumber dari organisasi non-pemerintah dan laporan institusional, hasil survei, serta literatur akademik yang relevan. Melalui kerangka analisis feminis, khususnya teori feminisasi migrasi, artikel ini mengeksplorasi dimensi-dimensi adaptasi perempuan secara multidimensional, yang mencakup status hukum, ketenagakerjaan, pendidikan, dan partisipasi sosial. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi perempuan Suriah di Türkiye terhambat oleh struktur patriarkal, status hukum yang bersifat sementara, serta berbagai hambatan sosial dan kultural, namun pada saat yang sama juga dipengaruhi oleh agensi dan strategi adaptif yang mereka kembangkan. Studi ini berpendapat bahwa kebijakan integrasi yang tidak memiliki perspektif sensitif gender cenderung mereproduksi ketergantungan dan eksklusi sosial. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu kerangka kerja yang komprehensif, berbasis hak asasi manusia, dan inklusif gender untuk mendorong pemberdayaan perempuan, memperkuat kohesi sosial, serta mempromosikan integrasi yang berkelanjutan antara komunitas migran dan masyarakat penerima.]

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