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INDONESIA
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14101637     EISSN : 25484788     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 509 Documents
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Etiologi Penyebab Malformasi Tunas Ranting Kakao di Kulonprogo, DIY dan Segayung, Jawa Tengah Susamto Somowiyarjo; Sri Sulandari; Sedyo Hartono; Yashanti B. Paradisa; Tri Maruto Aji
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15609

Abstract

The cocoa plants that showed severe swollen twig malformation was observed at cocoa cultivation of PT Pagilaran at Samigaluh, Kulon Progo and Segayung Central, Java. The symptoms could be observed easily at the nurseries, young plants, productive plants, and old plants. The basal part of the twig appears swollen and and there was also leaf curling symptoms. On late symptom the leaves form rossette and the plant growth would slow down. The old plant showed twigbroom-like symptom with many small leaves. In the field the symptoms always associated with mealybug Planococcus spp. Because the disease has spread all over the field with severe symptom, the causal agent need to be identified accurately. An experiment was carried out in which the causal agent was transmitted using mealybug as a vector, top cleft graftingand insecticide application after cutting all symptoms of the diseased plant. Transmission experiments by top cleft grafting did not show any symptoms. The negative results were also obtained in the artificial inoculation using the mealybug, when the diseased shoots were cut and protected by insecticide. The young shoots grew normally, without showing any symptom of malformation. It was suspected that the malformation was caused by toxin produced by the insect. Molecular studies to further characterize the causal agent of the malformation, is presently being conducted.Pada pertanaman kakao PT Pagilaran di Samigaluh, Kulon Progo, DIY dan Segayung, Jawa Tengah ditemukan gejala malformasi tunas ranting yang sangat parah. Gejala penyakit ditemukan pada tanaman di pembibitan, tanaman muda,tanaman yang sudah produktif maupun tanaman tua. Pada bagian ranting yang sedang tumbuh pada bagian pangkal tunas dan tangkai daun membengkak, pertumbuhan daun tidak simetris dan keriting. Pada gejala lanjut daun tumbuhmeroset dan tanaman mengalami penghambatan pertumbuhan. Ranting tanaman tua yang terserang membentuk percabangan yang banyak dan ditumbuhi daun-daun kecil. Di lapangan gejala yang timbul selalu berasosiasi dengan koloni kutu dompolan (Planococcus spp.). Oleh kerena penyakit tersebar luas di perkebunan dengan gejala yang sangat parah maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui penyebabnya dengan tepat serta pengelolaannya. Penelitian meliputi kajian penularan menggunakan Planococcus sp., penyambungan tanaman sehat dengan ranting yang bergejala serta aplikasi insektisida. Penularan dengan penyambungan dan penularan menggunakan serangga tidak menghasilkan tanaman yang bergejala. Pada percobaan di lapangan dengan memotong tunas-tunas sakit kemudian disemprot denganinsektisida hasilnya tunas muda yang tumbuh berikutnya tidak menunjukan adanya gejala malformasi. Diduga bahwa malformasi pada tunas dan ranting tersebut disebabkan oleh racun yang ditularkan oleh serangga. Penelitian lebih lanjut untuk karakterisasi penyebab penyakit secara molekuler saat ini sedang dilakukan.
Bioactivity of A Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry1AC Toxin to Spodoptera litura Y. Andi Trisyono; Serafina T.S. Rahayu; St. Margino
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 10, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12214

Abstract

The transgenic cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in Indonesia has been planted since 2000 for controlling Helicoverpa armigera. Spodoptera litura is another lepidopteran insect that also attacks cotton. The objective of this research was to determine the toxicity of Cry1Ac to S. litura. The acute toxicity was determined using neonates of S. litura exposed to artificial diets treated with series concentrations of Cry1Ac ranging from 0.14 to 625 mg/ml, and larval mortality was recorded at the seventh day after treatment. The chronic toxicity was determined by exposing neonate to artificial diets treated with the sublethal concentrations (LC5 and LC40). The growth and development of treated larvae were compared with those of the control farvae. Cry1Ac was toxic to neonate with LC5 values of 71.9, 18.1, 24.7, and 16.2 mg/ml for S. litura collected from Wonosari, Bantul-l, Bantul-2, and Kopeng, respectively. Cry1Ac was more toxic than formulated B. thuringiensis (LC50 = 724.8 mg/ml). Larvae exposed continuously to artificial diets treated with sublethal concentrations of Cry1Ac (0.61 and 9.77 mg/ml) showed no significant difference on weight and length of each life stages than those of the control larvae. These indicate that the application of the tested sublethal concentrations of Cry I Ac did not affect the growth and development of S. litura. However, increasing concentrations of Cry1Ac (156.25 and 625 mg/ml) significantly reduced the weight of surviving larvae. These findings suggest that application of Cry1Ac to S. litura shows some toxicological effects. The effectiveness of the transgenic cotton in controlling S. litura in field situation will be discussed.
The Effect of Temperature, Potato Varieties, and the Origin of Cyst on the Reproductive Biology of Globodera rostochiensis Nurjanah Nurjanah; Y. Andi Trisyono; Siwi Indarti; Sedyo Hartono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.17692

Abstract

Potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis [Wollenweber] Behrens) is a nematode species of worldwide regulatory concern. This nematode caused serious economic of potato losses in Indonesia. This research studied by factorial designed to evaluated the effect of temperature (10, 20, and 30ºC), potato varieties (`Granola´, `Margahayu´, and `Cipanas´), and origin of cyst (West, Central, and East Java) on reproductive biology of G. rostochiensis in the growth chamber. The research was conducted by observed of produced the new cyst number, reproduction fitness, survival, fecundity, and multiplication of G. rostochiensis. The result showed that all of the potato varieties were infected by G. rostochiensis when they were grown at the temperature ranging of 20 and 30ºC but not at 10ºC. The optimum temperature for maximum number of cysts with the highest reproduction factor, survival, fecundity and multiplication rate for all populations was 20ºC. The origin of cyst did not have any effect on the reproductive rate. The temperature of 20ºC provided is best environment for the life of G. rostochiensis on Granola. INTISARINematoda sista kentang (Globodera rostochiensis [Wollenweber] Behrens) adalah spesies nematoda yang mendapatkan perhatian khusus di seluruh dunia. G. rostochiensis menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang serius pada pertanaman kentang di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh perbedaan suhu (10, 20, dan 30ºC), varietas kentang (Granola, Cipanas, dan Margahayu), dan asal sista (Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Timur) terhadap biologi reproduksi G. rostochiensis di growth chamber menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah sista baru, kemampuan reproduksi, daya tahan hidup, keperidian dan multiplikasi G. rostochiensis. Seluruh varietas kentang yang diuji terserang G. rostochiensis pada suhu 20 dan 30ºC kecuali pada suhu 10ºC. Kisaran suhu optimum untuk memperoleh jumlah sista baru yang maksimum dengan kemampuan reproduksi, daya tahan hidup, keperidian dan multiplikasi untuk semua populasi adalah 20ºC. Asal sista tidak berpengaruh terhadap biologi reproduksi yang diteliti. Kentang varietas Granola yang ditanam pada suhu 20ºC merupakan inang yang sesuai untuk kehidupan G. rostochiensis.
Pemanfaatan Antibodi Monoklonal dalam Immunoassay untuk Deteksi Baculovirus oryctes Susamto Somowiyarjo; Hery Haryanto; Sri Wening
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12384

Abstract

The application of non-precoated Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Dot Immunobinding Assay (DIBA) employing monoclonal antibodies (MCA) against Yogyakarta isolate of Baculovirus oryctes Huger. was described. The MCA-Bv-4 having subclass of IgG2a and titer in vitro of 10^4 - 10^5 proved to be useful antibody for virus detection. The great potential of I-ELISA using MCA-Bv-4 has been it's specificity being able to discriminate between healthy an virus-infected coconut beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.). The assay could also differentiate between B. oryctes and Monodon baculovirus, the pathogen of shrimp disease. The best tissue for preparing virus antigen from crude extract was found to be the midgut of the beetle. Head, thorax, abdomen and tibia were not suitable for preparing the test antigen. The crude extract of beetle showed high endogenous enzyme activity to the substrate of DIBA, which precluded the detection of B. oryctes using DIBA. The MCA-Bv-4 could be used to improve the monitoring of the virus to support the program of biological control of coconut beetle using B. oryctes.
Deteksi Keragaman Virus Tungro dari Beberapa Daerah Endemis di Indonesia dengan Teknik PCR-RFLP R. Heru Praptana; Y. B. Sumardiyono; Sedyo Hartono; I Nyoman Widiarta; Muhammad Muhsin
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 15, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11763

Abstract

Tungro is one of rice disease caused by two different viruses (rice tungro virus=RTV) i.e. Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) that are transmitted only by green leafhopper. Tungro had become a serious problem in several rice productions centre in Indonesia. Various components of management effort have been applied but they were inefficient in preventing the tungro disease development. Resistance variety is the most efficient component to tungro disease management. Complexity interactions of tungro disease components are mayor constraint in tungro disease management. Detection of molecular variability in rice tungro virus from several endemic areas in Indonesia were conducted by using PCR-RFLP technique. Existence of RTBV and RTSV in the infected plants collected from several endemic areas were successfully detected by PCR. The RFLP analysis with restriction enzymes BstYI and HindIII showed that there were significant difference among the RTSV originated from Java, Bali and Sulawesi.
Pertumbuhan Populasi dan Oviposisi Wereng Hijau, Nephotettix virescens Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Berkaitan dengan Saat Padi Keluar Malai I Nyoman Widiarta
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 2, No 2 (1996)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12882

Abstract

Effects of early and late-maturing varieties of rice on the population growth of N. virescens was investigated during the wet season crop of 1994/1995, and dry season crop of 1995 in the experimental fields of Research lnstitute for Rice in Sukamandi. A pot experiment to observe oviposition rate of N. virescens on both varieties was conducted in screen house in the dry season crop of 1995. The population fluctuation of N. virescens on both varieties as well as number of eggs of the first generation at 8 weeks after transplanting were similar. The population density increased during early growth stage of rice from immigrant generation to the first generation and decreased thereafter. The peak emergence of adults of the first generation on early maturing variety occured after the flowering stage, on the otherhand on late maturing variety the peak emergence of adults occured before the flowering stage. Adult N. virescens laid more eggs on early maturing variety after flowering stage than that on late maturing variety before flowering stage (p< 0.01; t-test) in the pot experiment. Those field and pot experiment facts indicated that the first generation of adult emigrant influenced the population fluctuation in the fields, because the density of predator, Lycosa, was lower in the early maturing variety than in the late maturing variety in the wet season crop of 1994/1995 and it was similar in the dry season crop of 1995.
Tanah Supresif: Terminologi, Sejarah, Karakteristik, dan Mekanisme Hadiwiyono Hadiwiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 14, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11881

Abstract

Many definitions of the suppressive soil purposed were proposed by some authors, however in summary, suppressive soil is the soil where virulent pathogen and susceptible host exist but the population and or disease produced by the pathogen are limited, due to the biotic factors supported by some specific environmental conditions. The suppressive soil phenomena has been recognized since 100 years ago, but it was thought as an interesting field since 30 years ago, and since the year many research topics related to the suppressive soil are conducted and leading to be popular. Based on the characteristic, suppressive soil could be grouped into general suppressive involving an antagonistic microbe complex being nontransferable, and specific suppressive caused by one or some antagonistic microbe being transferable. Antagonism mechanism of the microbes involved in the suppressiveness could be through antibiosis, competision, parasitism, predatism, and induced resistance.
Sebaran Genera Nematoda Nonparasit Tumbuhan pada Kopi Arabika Ratna Widowati; Siwi Indarti; Bambang Rahayu T.P.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15572

Abstract

This research aims to know the diversity, and population abundance of non plant parasitic nematodes in the soil of Arabica coffee. The samples were taken from healthy and infected plants (those that have infection symptoms). The  research area taken at coffee plantation in blok I, II, III, IV, Bentaan, and VI at Afdeling Plalangan Blawan’s estate, Bondowoso, East Java. From each block ten plants were taken, five each for healthy and infected plants. Analysis of nematode population was done by whitehead tray technique modification method. Identification was done based on the characteristic of non- parasitic nematode. The results showed that the genera of non-parasitic nematodes found include Dorylaimus, Rhabditis, Aphelenchus, Acrobeles, and Mononchus. The non-parasitic nematodes population were found to be higher in healthy, rather than on the infected plants soil. The genus Rhabditis population in healthy plant was 86.61 nematodes/ 100 ml of soil, while in infected plants was 56.01 nematodes/100 ml of soil. The genus Dorylaimus population in healthy plant was 49.9 nematodes/100 ml of soil, while in infected plants was 95.6 nematodes/100 ml of soil. The genus Mononchus population in healthy plant was 53.00 nematodes/100 ml of soil, while in infected plants was 37.65 nematodes/ 100 ml of soil. The genera of Aphelenchus and Acrobeles populations were 98.28 nematodes/100 ml and 0.0792/100 ml of soil, respectively. Non-parasitic nematodes were more abundant in healthy soil than in infected soil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genera serta kelimpahan nematoda nonparasit pada tanah pertanaman kopi Arabika. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel tanah yang diambil pada tanaman sehat dan tanaman yang menunjukkan gejala sakit terserang nematoda. Lahan pertanaman yang diamati Afdeling Plalangan, Kebun Blawan, Bondowoso, Jawa Timur. Masing-masing blok diambil sepuluh tanaman, mencakup lima tanaman sehat dan lima tanaman yang bergejala terserang nematoda. Analisis populasi nematoda dilakukan dengan metode nampan saring (metode Whitehead Tray yang telah dimodifikasi), dilanjutkan identifikasi berdasarkan karakter dan morfologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pertanaman kopi ada beberapa genera nematoda non-parasit tumbuhan yaitu Dorylaimus, Rhabditis, Aphelenchus, Acrobeles, dan Mononchus. Populasi nematoda nonparasit pada tanah sehat lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada tanah terinfeksi nematoda parasite tanaman. Populasi tertinggi genus Rhabditis pada tanaman yang sehat yaitu 86,61ekor/100 ml tanah, sebaliknya pada tanaman sakit 56,01 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Dorylaimus tertinggi pada tanaman sehat 49,9 ekor/100 ml tanah, sebaliknya pada tanaman sakit 95,6 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Mononchus tertinggi tanaman sehat 53,00 ekor/100 ml tanah, sebaliknya pada tanaman sakit 37,65 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Aphelenchus 98,28 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Acrobeles 0,0792/100 ml. Nematoda nonparasit pada tanah sehat lebih melimpah dibandingkan di tanah terinfeksi nematoda.
Tipe Hunian dan Jenis Mangsa Burung Serak Tyto alba javanica pada Ekosistem Persawahan Retno Astuti K.; Soeprapto Mangoendihardjo; F. X. Wagiman; Djuwantoko Djuwantoko
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 10, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12121

Abstract

The barn owl, Tyto alba javanica (Gmel.); is one of the important predator of rats. For controlling the rat population, the predator must retain in the rice ecosystem in which it is supported by continuous availability of its prey and suitable nest. The barn owl does not make its own nest, hence, the suaitable nest are necessary vailable in the ecosystem. The rat population fluctuatesand in the certain time it is difficult to find, hence, alternative preys have to be available. The nest type and prey species of the barn owl in the rice-field ecosystem had been survayed in Kendal District, Central Java Province, from October 2003 until March 2004. The area represented the rice-field ecosystem type with various habitats. The prey species were described from analysis of 2.261 pellets that were collected from 106 nests. The nests were found and distributed in 72 sub-sub district and in 17 subdistricts. Hairs, pulmes, skulls, teeth, obtained from the pellets were identified following the Hafidzi & Naim method (2003). The nest types consisted of building plafon (76,41%), trees (20,75%) and nest box (2,84%). Rats were the predominant prey-species (86,90%); consisted of Rattus argentiventer 77,08%, Rattus norvegicus 9,86%, Rattus rattus diardii 0,58%, Bandicota indica 0,01% and Rattus tiomanicus 0,005%),followed by aves (5,49%), insects (3,98%), bats (2,07%), and others (1,59%) i.e. squirrels, gecko, house-lizard, and frogs.
Tekanan Metarhizium anisopliae dan Feromon terhadap Populasi dan Tingkat Kerusakan oleh Oryctes rhinoceros Wtjaksono Witjaksono; Arman Wijonarko; Tri Harjaka; Irma Harahap; Wahyu Budi Sampurno
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 19, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.17260

Abstract

Oryctes rhinoceros is one of the most serious pests in coconut palm tree. Biological control for controlling the pest is done by applying fungal entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae on its breeding sites to infect the larvae. Recent development for controlling Oryctes beetle was including the use of pheromone trap baited with ethyl-4-methyl octanoic which attract both male and female of the Oryctes beetle. This research was aimed to determine the effect of combination of both entomopathogen and pheromone application on the population dynamics of rhinoceros beetle, and the intensity of leaf damage on coconut tree. For this purpose, a research was conducted in local farmer coconut tree in the Bojong Village, Panjatan District, Kulon Progo from June 2009−January 2010. Observation including leaf damage intensity before and after application, the number of adult beetle trapped by pheromone, and the number infected larvae in the breeding site. The result showed that there were significant differences among all treatments in term of intensity of leaf damage, the number of trapped adult beetle, and the number of larvae at the breeding site. Leaf damage on control, pheromone application, and combined treatment were: 4.73%; 1.08% and 0.65%. The number of trapped Rhinoceros beetle by ferotrap was 101; in combined treatment was 52. The number of M. anisopliae infected grub were 265 out of 281 total observed grub. INTISARIKerusakan tanaman kelapa akibat serangan Oryctes rhinoceros terjadi mulai pada tanaman muda. Mengingat besarnya kerugian yang ditimbulkan, maka perlu diupayakan cara pengendalian yang efisien, efektif dan aman bagi sumber daya alam dan lingkungan. Salah satu cara pengendalian secara hayati adalah dengan menggunakan cendawan patogenik Metarhizium anisopliae. Selain menggunakan cendawan, upaya terkini dalam mengendalikan kumbang badak adalah dengan menggunakan perangkap berferomon. Feromon dengan bahan aktif Etil-4-metil oktanoat dapat memikat kumbang Oryctes jantan maupun betina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gabungan feromon dan Metarhizium anisopliae terhadap dinamika populasi O. rhinoceros dan intensitas kerusakan pada tanaman kelapa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun kelapa rakyat di Desa Bojong, Kecamatan Panjatan, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, dari bulan Juni 2009 sampai dengan Januari 2010. Parameter yang diamati adalah intensitas kerusakan sebelum dan setelah perlakuan, jumlah imago yang terperangkap oleh feromon, dan jumlah larva yang berada di breeding site. Analisis data menggunakan analisis varian dan dilanjutkan uji DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat beda nyata pada intensitas serangan, jumlah imago dan jumlah larva pada semua perlakuan. Intensitas serangan baru, yakni serangan yang terjadi setelah dilakukan pengendalian, secara berurut dari yang tertinggi adalah perlakuan kontrol, perlakuan perangkap berferomon, dan perlakuan gabungan yakni sebesar 4,73%; 1,08%; dan 0,65%. Jumlah imago yang terperangkap sebesar 101 ekor pada perlakuan ferotrap dan 52 ekor pada perlakuan gabungan. Larva yang terinfeksi M.anisopliae sebanyak 265 ekor dari total 281 ekor. 

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