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INDONESIA
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14101637     EISSN : 25484788     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 509 Documents
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Feeding Behavior of Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) on Pigmented Rice Monitored by Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Aldawood, Abdulrahman Saad; Kristamtini, Kristamtini; Sumarno, Sumarno; Andriyanto, Rofiq; Soffan, Alan
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.96909

Abstract

Rice is one of the essential daily commodity for most of Asian. However, the brown plant hopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens) infestation had been threatening the increasing demand of rice production. Evaluating resistance level of rice cultivars against BPH will help in managing BPH infestation. The feeding behavior monitoring of brown plant hopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens) by  using an electrical penetration graph (EPG) was conducted to evaluate the resistance level of several rice cultivars against BPH, including pigmented rice (black rice cv. Sembada hitam; red rice cv. Sembada merah); and the commonly consumed white rice (cv. Ciherang). The EPG instrument allowed the monitoring of BPH feeding behaviors by quantifying three unique waveforms, namely, N3, N4, and N5, which represent BPH feeding activities in areas near phloem tissues, in phloem tissues, and in xylem tissues, respectively. EPG monitoring of BPH feeding activities in black rice revealed the absence of the N3 and N4 waveforms. Red rice showed the N3 waveform but not the N4 waveform. White rice showed all three waveforms occurring with high numbers and long total durations. The absence of the N4 waveform in the two pigmented rice cultivars indicated the failure of BPH to access phloem tissues. Overall, the results revealed that the resistance of rice against BPH based on feeding activity could be ordered as follows: black rice > red rice > white rice. This report provides essential information on the resistance mechanism of pigmented rice cultivars against BPH.
Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum spp. Isolated from Shallot in Special Region of Yogyakarta and Central Java Chomayaroh, Devinda Mardhalita; Wibowo, Arif; Suryanti, Suryanti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 29, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.92940

Abstract

Anthracnose disease on shallots is an important diseases caused by Colletotrichum gleosporioides species complex. The purpose of the study was to determine the pathogenicity of 11 Colletotrichum spp. isolates, originating from several shallot production centers in Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta, as well as detect the ability of isolates to produce specific enzymes. The pathogenicity test was carried out by inoculating shallot varieties Tajuk, using a spore suspension. Inoculation was carried out by spraying 10 mL of spore suspension with a density of 104/mL to each plant and were then covered using clear plastic, for 24 hours. Enzyme production tested in vitro included cellulase, amylase, laccase and protease. Results showed that all isolates tested were pathogenic and the most infectious was the isolate UGM_CIM_P from Imogiri with disease incidence of 49%. All isolates were able to show cellulase activity, with the highest activity found in the UGM_CIM_P isolate. All isolates tested showed no amylase, laccase, and protease activities.
Unlocking the Secrets of Cebulactam A1: Predictive Insights into Binding with Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiferda’s Arylalkylamine N-Acyltransferase Alcantara, Edwin P.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 29, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.101101

Abstract

The necessity for an insecticide with a novel mode of action to enhance existing approaches for managing the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is evident. This study aimed to predict the binding of cebulactam A1 to the FAW’s arylalkylamine N-acyltransferase (aaNAT). A molecular docking approach was employed to estimate the binding affinity of cebulactam A1 to FAW aaNAT. The docking results were validated through molecular dynamics simulation and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) analysis. Subsequently, a per-residue energy decomposition analysis was conducted to identify specific amino acid residues involved in ligand binding. The binding affinity and inhibition constant (Ki) predicted from molecular docking were -8.1 kcal/mol and 1.16 µM, respectively. The binding stability was confirmed for 350 ns through molecular dynamics simulation. The predicted free energy of binding (ΔGbind) of cebulactam A1 to the target receptor was -7.18 kcal/mol. The per-residue energy decomposition analysis identified Ser93, Phe109, and Tyr113 as key residues likely involved in the molecular recognition of cebulactam A1 at the FAW receptor binding site. Collectively, these findings suggest that cebulactam A1 is a promising candidate for development as an inhibitor of the FAW aaNAT enzyme.
Molecular Characterization of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus and Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in Sukoharjo and Magelang Regencies, Indonesia Surwadinata, Antama; Putro, Ananda Restu; Pradhana, Adhi; Shalihah, Filzah; Pancasona, Muhammad Garda; Saputra, Rachmad; Haj Ali, Mayadah A.; Santosa, Adyatma Irawan
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 29, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.101371

Abstract

Diseases caused by Begomoviruses in black-eyed pea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) are remains insufficiently explored in Indonesia. One symptomatic black-eyed pea and two cucumber samples were collected from Sukoharjo and Magelang Regencies, respectively, to be molecularly tested using Krusty/Homer and SPG1/SPG2 primer pairs for universal detection of Begomoviruses. NCBI BLAST analysis on the obtained nucleotide sequences confirmed mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV, Begomovirus vignaradiataindiaense) infection in black-eyed pea sample and tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV, Begomovirus solanumdelhiense) infection in both cucumber samples. Sequences of partial AV1, and partial AC1 and AC2 genes of the three isolates were registered with accession nos. PQ539469-71 and PQ539476-78, respectively, in NCBI GenBank. No recombination signal was detected in the sequences of the new isolates according to scan by Recombination Detection Program (RDP v.5.30). In the phylogenetic trees built by MEGA 11 software with Tamura-Nei parameter model, MYMIV H-2 as well as ToLCNDV N-8 and V-97 isolates shared basal nodes with Indonesian isolates, indicated their close genetic relationship with other isolates also found in the country. While expanding our information regarding genetic diversity of Begomoviruses, this study also reported the first cases of MYMIV in black-eyed pea in Indonesia and ToLCNDV in cucumber in Magelang, to the best of our knowledge.
Mix Fertilizer “BiTrichompos” Inhibition Ability against Bacterial Wilt Disease, Ralstonia solanacearum, in Chili Plants (Capsicum annuum L.) Ambar, Abdul Azis; Fahriani, Nur; Ilmi, Nur
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 29, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.90682

Abstract

Chili production is hindered by bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Application of BiTrichompos can be an alternative control method of bacterial wilt diseases. BiTrichompos is an organic fertilizer derived from the secondary metabolism of Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma sp dissolved in rice washing water (leri). Secondary metabolism and Trichoderma sp. have been reported to be able to suppress plant disease causing pathogens. The purpose of this study is to evaluate BiTrichompos ability to manage bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) and growth promoting effects on chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.). This research was conducted at Screen House Harzianum Parepare City, using a Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments, namely A0 (control), A1 (5 mL of BiTrichompos/plant), A2 (10 mL BiTrichompos/plant), A3 (15 mL BiTrichompos/plant), and each treatment was repeated 5 times. Each replicated consisted of 3 plants totaling in 60 experimental units. Observations were made in the first week after planting and continued weekly for 7 weeks. Results showed that treatment A3 resulted in lowest bacterial wilt disease intensity of 31.53%, while to control resulted in 39.15%. Highest average fruit number and weight resulted from treatment A2, where fruit numbers averaged at 6.75 and total fruit weight was 29.57 g. Highest average root length of chili plants was also shown A2 (46 cm).
Molecular Diversity of Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV) the Cause of Yellow Leaf Curl Disease in Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) in Tuban Regency, East Java, Indonesia Nurenik, Nurenik; Rastono, Adi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 29, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.99401

Abstract

Yellow leaf curl disease caused by Begomovirus is a significant threat to chili peppers in Indonesia. This disease has been widespread at several chili pepper production centers in Java, Sumatra, Bali, Lombok, and Sulawesi. Tuban Regency is one of the chili peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.) production centers in East Java, but research on Begomovirus infection is still limited. The study aimed to molecularly characterize and identify Begomovirus that infect chili pepper plants in Tuban. The research method includes symptom observation in the field in four subdistricts in Tuban, molecular detection via PCR, and sequences analysis. Types of symptoms found in chili pepper plants in Tuban were yellowing, curling, curving, green mosaic, leaf cupping upward and downward, and reduction in leaf size. All samples from Grabagan, Bancar, Soko, and Jatirogo Subdistricts were infected by Begomovirus based on the AV1 gene (coat protein) using PCR techniques with target 580 bp DNA fragments. Sequence homology results proved that the pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV) of the genus Begomovirus infected chili pepper plants in Tuban. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that all isolates from Tuban (PQ187395 - PQ187398) were closely related and within the same group as the PepYLCIV isolates from Ngablak Subdistrict, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia (OP846605). These isolates from Tuban formed a separate group from PepYLCV Malaysian isolates (MW389931).
Effect of Different Growing Media on the Growth of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Oryctes rhinoceros Larva Sitepu, Andreas; Marheni, Marheni; Sitepu, Suzanna Fitriany
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 29, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.99959

Abstract

Oryctes rhinoceros larvae are one of the sources of cellulose and hemicellulose degrading bacteria. Nutrition and energy sources together, with environmental factors have significant impacts on cellulolytic bacteria growth. Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) media is a media often used to obtain cellulosic bacteria, while Nutrient Agar (NA) media is used for bacteria propagation. The use of NA for bacterial growth media is expensive. For the growth of O. rhinoceros symbiont cellulolytic bacteria, it is necessary to use alternative media that are cheap, easily available and contain sufficient nutrients to sustain bacterial growth. Soybeans, mackerel tuna, and jackfruit seeds contain high levels of protein and carbohydrate, which can be used as a nitrogen and carbon source for cellulolytic bacteria growth are easily available and cheap. This makes them excellent alternative for growth media materials. The aim of this research was to determine growth of symbiotic cellulolytic bacteria from O. rhinoceroson different alternative growth media. The research was conducted from January to May 2024 at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara. The experimental method used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors and 3 replications for each treatment combinations. The results showed that alternative growth media were suitable to sustain cellulolytic bacteria. The best treatment was mackerel tuna flour media with an average number of colonies of 100.5×106CFU/mL.
Motility and Biofilm of Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis, the Causative Agent of Banana Blood Disease Saraswati, Vivian Thea; Subandiyah, Siti; McCann, Honour C.; Joko, Tri
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 29, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.103868

Abstract

Blood disease in bananas is caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis. This disease is a significant phytopathological concern, leading to deterioration of the plant's xylem tissue. Symptoms observed in infected plants typically begin from the shoot and banana inflorescence and progressively spread to other parts of the plant. The spread of these symptoms may result from the motility of R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis within the vascular system. This study aims to investigate the bacterial motility and biofilm formation ability, both contributing to the blockage of water and nutrient flow in the plant. The research methods included bacterial cultivation, molecular detection, motility assays (swimming and swarming tests), as well as biofilm and pellicle formation assay. The results indicated that R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis exhibited sliding motility but did not demonstrate swarming ability. Additionally, the bacterium was capable of forming both biofilm structures and pellicle layers. These findings provide insights into the role of motility types and colony structure formation in the virulence of R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis, potentially influencing the infection process in banana plants. Furthermore, this study's results are expected to contribute to developing improved disease management strategies.
Exploration of Nematophagous Fungi from Coffee Rhizosphere Soil and their Potential as Biological Control Agents against Root-lesion and Root-knot Nematodes Indarti, Siwi; Aldina, Rinda Fajrin; Widianto, Donny; Prijambada, Irfan Dwidya; Maharani, Rina; Kurniasari, Irianti; Waele, Dirk De
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 29, No 2 (2025): In Progress
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.102469

Abstract

Root-lesion and root-knot nematodes are amongst the most important pathogens of coffee and can cause substantial yield losses and quality reductions. Environmental and health concerns concerning the use of chemical pesticides have increased the need for alternative management strategies against plant-parasitic nematodes. The aim of our study was to isolate and identify nematophagous fungi from nematode-infested coffee production areas and evaluate their potential as biocontrol agents. Our study was carried out in two stages: 1) fungi isolation and evaluation of their ability to affect eggs or vermiform developmental stages of root-lesion and root-knot nematodes; 2) identification of fungal isolates to species level. Eleven fungal isolates were able to affect either the nematode eggs or the vermiform developmental stages. The ability of these fungi to produce extracellular enzymes were also evaluated. This study highlights Indonesian nematode infected coffee rhizosphere soils as a rich source of nematophagous fungi, with eleven isolates showing promises to be used for integrated pest management strategies. Future work should assess field efficacy under local conditions while monitoring impacts on soil food webs and non-target organisms.

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