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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25409573     EISSN : 25409581     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 20 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April" : 20 Documents clear
Morphological and Anatomical Variations among Alocasia alba Schott Accessions in Bali Botanic Garden Ni Putu Sri Asih; Ema Hendriyani; Eka Fatmawati Tihurua
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.66823

Abstract

Alocasia alba Schott is a member of Macrorrhizos group from Aroid family that has conserved in Bali Botanic Garden. On its development, the collections showed varied morphological diversity on leaves and flowers. The aim of this study is to fill the knowledge gap in morphology and anatomy of the species A. alba and to know the phenotypic variation in this species. A total of eight A. alba accessions from Java, Bali and West Nusa Tenggara were observed in morphological and anatomical characters. The result showed that the eight accessions of A. alba have some variations in morphological and anatomical characters. These variations might be caused by genetic factors that resulted from plant adaptation to the different environments. 
Diversity, Abundance, and Traditional Uses of Asteraceae Species in Mount Bisma, Dieng Plateau, Kejajar, Wonosobo, Central Java Bima Kurniawan; Purnomo Purnomo; Rina Sri Kasiamdari
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.66953

Abstract

Asteraceae is the largest and most diverse family of flowering plants which contains more than 20,000 species distributed in nearly all types of habitats all over the world. In mountainous regions such as Mount Bisma, it is estimated to have plenty and diverse member of the Asteraceae family, and used in the local community for various uses. This research aimed to understand the diversity, abundance, and uses of Asteraceae members that are found wild in Mount Bisma. Taxonomy and ecological data were gathered using an exploration method and purposive sampling method, from the point, a plot measured 3x3 m2 was created to estimate the vegetation parameters in the mountain top and mountain valley area. Ethnobotanical data were gathered in Sikunang Village, a nearby village of Mount Bisma using a semi-structured interview and open-ended questions. Data were analysed descriptively and quantitatively using several indices such as Importance Value Index (IVI), Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), and index of Use Value (UV). The result showed that there were 18 species from two subfamilies that grew wild in both mountain top and valley of Mount Bisma. The highest importance value belonged to Ageratina riparia, which was scored in the mountain top and valley 71.00 and 91.53, respectively. Uses of Asteraceae in Sikunang were varies, ranging from being a side dish, medicine, firewood, souvenir, and other uses. Galinsoga parviflora and Galinsoga quadriradiata showed the highest ICS value of 41, whereas Austroeupatorium inulifolium scored the highest in UV of 1.8. The study presented high number of Asteraceae diversity and use. Thus, implies that Mount Bisma has vast unexplored biodiversity and locals around Mount Bisma have rich traditional knowledge. 
Using Feathers for Molecular Sexing of Straw-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus zeylanicus) Offsprings Pramana Yuda; Worawidh Wajjwalku
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.67129

Abstract

Sex determination of of straw-headed bulbul offspring was carried out from 27 offspring’s plucked feather samples in a captive breeding program. Using direct PCR, this study provided more evidences that feather samples are reliable as a source of DNA for non-invasive and effective molecular sexing. The study also revealed that the offspring sex ratio of straw-headed bulbul was slightly inclined towards males, but there was no significant difference from the value of 0.5.   
Biodiversity of Freshwater Fish in Kelekar Floodplain Ogan Ilir Regency in Indonesia Muslim Muslim; Mochamad Syaifudin
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.67494

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate fish biodiversity in the Kelekar floodplain. The study is explorative, with the determination of observation stations and with purposive sampling methods. Fishes were captured approximately 1.509 individuals consisting of 17 families and 24 species. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index was 2.394; 2.691; and 2.183 for station 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The Evenness index was 0.764; 0.871; and 0.806 for station 1, 2, and 3, respectively, meanwhile the highest value of Simpson’s dominance index was 0.045. The biodiversity index of the three stations was in the medium category.
Antioxidant activity of phenolic compound of Astraeus hygrometricus: A Case of Ranchi, India Foziya Khan; Ramesh Chandra
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.67896

Abstract

The forest region of Ranchi district of Jharkhand, India, is very rich with different types of wild mushrooms. This study collected two hundred samples. There are nine different species were identifiedand one them was Astraeus hygrometricus that chosen for isolation, purification, and characterization of its compounds. This mushroom was chosen because of its nutritive value as for human consumption and also fewer studies done on it. It has got many compounds unrevealed. Various techniques such as solvent extraction including phase separation, TLC, FT-IR, and MS were employed in this study. Also, the total phenol content and antioxidant assay (DPPH) of the purified transparent compound of methanolic extract was carried out. The study showed that unknown transparent phenolic compound, established as astrakurkurol with molecular weight 485 was obtained. 
The Influence of Agrochemicals on Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in Various Agricultural Rivers in Jember Regency Agung Sih Kurnianto; Hari Purnomo; Luhur Septiadi
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69425

Abstract

The intensive use of agrochemicals in agricultural areas of Jember’s Regency presents a potential threat to the freshwater ecosystem’s community. The use of the benthic macroinvertebrates community may provide a key to monitor the extent of agrochemical impact to maintain valuable ecosystem services. Macroinvertebrates community structure and environmental factors were studied from September–December 2020 in Jember Regency by comparing three different types of agricultural rivers (organic, semi-organic, and conventional). Five community indices (taxa, individuals, Simpson dominancy index, Margalef species richness, and Shannon diversity index) were used to compare the macroinvertebrates community structure between sites. Using community composition and physicochemical properties (bare sediment, width, depth, water current, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature), we generated CCA triplot and correlogram plot to investigate the grouping and the correlation between variables and sites. Results on macroinvertebrate composition showed the importance of using sensitive taxa-group and community indices as an indicator of environmental changes. The family of Tipulidae, Naididae, Cysticidae, and Nereididae demonstrated relation to semi-organic agricultural rivers. Temperature and water current correlate to the presence of clean water indicator species such as Philorheitridae and Chironomidae, as observed in organic agricultural rivers. Conventional and semi-organic agricultural rivers were grouped and largely contributed by the 5 families including Ampullariidae, Pachychillidae, Baetidae, Enchytraidae, and Gomphidae. Correlogram plot suggests a complex interaction between macroinvertebrate community and environmental variables. It can be concluded that the intensive use of agrochemicals may lead to a detrimental change toward the diminished quality of freshwater community and environment. 
The Influence of Sex and Weather on the Activity Budget of Javan Slow Lorises (Nycticebus javanicus) in Garut Regency, West Java Helmi Romdhoni; Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah; Entang Iskandar; Katherine Hedger; Marco Campera; Hélène Birot; K.A.I Nekaris
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.67142

Abstract

The Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) is a nocturnal primate endemic to Java. Previous studies on slow loris activity are limited to general daily activity, and there is a lack of research on the potential sex differences in slow loris activity. This study aims to analyze differences in the daily activity of the Javan slow loris based on sex. From August to December 2018, the daily activity of six wild Javan slow lorises was recorded using behavioral observations with instantaneous point sampling at 5-minute intervals. Differences in male and female slow loris activity were analyzed using the Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM). We set sex and weather as fixed factors and individuals as random effects. The results of this study showed that females spent more time feeding and less time resting than males. In addition, the Javan slow loris behavior was affected by temperature and humidity like other slow loris species.
Effect of Cryoprotectans and Cryopreservation on Physiological and Some Biochemical Changes of Hopea odorata Roxb. Seed Laila Ainur Rohmah; Dian Latifah; Fitri Fatma Wardani; Aulia Hasan Widjaya; Kumala Dewi
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.67360

Abstract

Hopea odorata Roxb. is a forest plant from Dipterocarpaceae family that has important economic and ecological functions in the ecosystem.  Generative propagation of H. odorata is limited because of its recalcitrant seed that cannot be stored for long periods at room temperature or even at low temperature. Cryopreservation is a seed storage technique that has the potential to prolong the shelf life of recalcitrant seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryoprotectant and cryopreservation treatment on seed viability and biochemical change (electrolyte leakage, total malondialdehyde, total phenol) of H. odorata seeds. Fresh seeds of H. odorata were treated with two types of cryoprotectans namely PVS1 as non penetrating cryoprotectant and PVS2 as penetrating cryoprotectant, each type of cryoprotectant with four different concentrations (25, 50, 75 or 100%(w/v)) and four different immersion times (30, 60, 90 or 120 mins). Seeds were then stored in two different temperatures, at room temperature (28±2⁰C) or in liquid nitrogen (-196±2⁰C) for 24 hours to evaluate the cryoprotectant toxicity. The results showed that H. odorata seeds stored at room temperature and immersed either in 100%, 75% or 50% of PVS1 possess a higher viability as well as germination percentage, germination rate, vigour index and maximum growth potensial. In addition, they have lower value of electrolyte leakage, total malondialdehyde and total phenol compared to those seeds treated with PVS2. Meanwhile, both type of cryoprotectants and cryopreservation treatment in this study have not been able yet to increase seed viability of H. odorata. Cryopreservation treatments caused an increase in the total of malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakageas and these leads the inability of  H. odorata seeds to germinate. PVS1 cryoprotectant seems to cause less toxic effects on H. odorata seeds but it can not prevent the negative impact of cryopreservation treatment. 
Growth of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC) Cell Line Derived from Seed Explant After Yeast Elicitation Using Pure and Technical Grade Yeast Dewi Yuliana Rizqi; Frisca Damayanti; Fhea Putri Cristy; Alisa Julia Nurulita; Aries Bagus Sasongko; Endang Semiarti; Woro Anindito Sri Tunjung
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.68650

Abstract

The addition of elicitors in kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) culture is one of  strategies for obtaining and increasing the production of secondary metabolites.  Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the elicitors that can be used to increase secondary metabolites such as terpenoids. However, in its use, the pure cultures of S. cerevisiae are expensive. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to analyze the ability of technical grade (commercial baker’s yeast) to be used as an elicitor and measure the growth of kaffir lime cell line after being elicited by pure and technical grade (commercial baker’s yeast). The second objective is to determine the best time to subculture kaffir lime cell line after elicitation. We observed the morphology and measured the growth curve of pure and technical grade yeast until the 4th subculture generation. Furthermore, we used both grades of yeast for elicitation. Kaffir lime cell suspension was treated with 10 ppm pure grade or 5 ppm and 10 ppm technical grade yeast for 4 days. After elicitation, kaffir lime cell lines were subcultured and their growth was analyzed. The result showed that the morphology and growth curve of technical grade until 4th subculture generations was similar to the pure grade. On the other hand, after elicitation using pure and technical grade yeast and being subcultured, the growth of the elicitated kaffir lime cell line had the same pattern as the control group, but the cell density of the control group was higher than the elicitated group. The initial stationary phase of kaffir lime cell line was on the 17th day which is the best time to subculture. The subculturing process is important to maintain the viability of the kaffir lime cell line. 
Single-dose Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Chloroform Extract of Snake Plant (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain.) Leaf in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Laksmindra Fitria; Isma Cahya Putri Gunawan; Wilda Bunga Tina Sanjaya; Maura Indria Meidianing
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69389

Abstract

Sansevieria trifasciata is one of popular ornamental plants which also believed possessing therapeutic effects due to their phytochemical constituents. Secondary metabolites of plants can be toxic to other organisms; therefore, toxicity studies must be carried out to investigate adverse effects prior to further exploration as potent candidates of medicinal plants. This research aimed to evaluate toxicity and safety of consuming chloroform extract of S. trifasciata leaf (CESTL) in acute phase using female Wistar rats as model animal. Procedure referred to OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 420: Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure with single-dose administration of 2000 mg/kg bw. Results demonstrated that during 14 days of the experiment, neither mortality and sublethal effects as signs of toxicity were detected. There were no significant differences during the experiment between treatment groups and control in body weight, core temperature, individual and social behavior, food and water intake, as well as hematological profile, clinical biochemistry parameters, and relative organ weight (visceral organs indices). Almost all values were maintained within normal range (baseline) with fluctuation as normal physiological dynamics appeared relatively similar in all groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for single-dose oral administration of CESTL with the dose 2000 mg/kg bw and can be classified in the hazard of Category 5 based on Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). Based on this finding, we will continue to conduct further study to assess the repeated-dose acute oral toxicity. 

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