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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 10 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 16 No 1, 2005" : 10 Documents clear

Relationship between blood level chloroquine, metabolite desethylchloroquine and paracytaemia of Plasmodium falciparum infection in malaria endemic area Purworejo Handayani, Rina; Prahasto, Iwan Dwi; Tjokrosonto, Soesanto
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 1, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Chloroquine is the drug of choice for Plasmodium falciparum and has long been used as the first line treatment in malaria in Indonesia. However, recent studies show that chloroquine resistance has been found in several endemic area. This study was aimed at investigating the correlation between whole blood chloroquine and desethylchloroquine levels and paracytaemia in the endemic areas.The study was carried out in Pituruh sub-district of Purworejo district. Thirty two subjects were enrolled using active case detection and passive case detection methods. Inclusion criteria: age 10-50 years old, asexual P falciparum > 1000/μl blood, not pregnant women, not having complication of malaria, willing to be observed for 28 days and agree to take part in study by signing an informed concent.The 32 samples were collected at day 2, and 10 samples were collected at 0, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 days to detect the precence of paracytaemia and chloroquine and desetylchloroquine levels. A high Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) was used to analyze blood chloroquine and desethylchloroquine levels.The result show that chloroquine has been regurarly used (in 78.12% of subject) the day before the treatment was started. Mean blood redundant chloroquine and desethylchloroquine (combined) redundant in day 2 were 397.7 (SEM: 38.1) and prosentage of paracytaemia inhibitory effect was 93.7% (SEM: 2.07). This study observed no significant correlations between blood chloroquine and desethylchloroquine levels and paracytaemia.The result showed that increasing and decreasing of blood level chloroquine and desethylchloroquine has no correlation to the increasing or decreasing of paracytaemia inhibition in patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection in the endemic areas, which might be due to many factors including resistance to chloroquine.Key words : chloroquine, desethylchloroquine – P falciparum

Jaspamide: Structure identification of cytotoxic and fungicide compound isolated from Stylissa flabelliformis sponges Setyowati, Erna Prawita; ., Sudarsono; Wahyuono, Subagus
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 1, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

A research on the structure identification of cytotoxic and fungicide compound of Stylissa flabelliformis sponge has been conducted. The structure identification was analysed with spectroscopy ultraviolet, MS, 1HNMR and 13C-NMR methods.Based on the spectroscopic data and comparison with literatures, the compound was identified as jaspamide.Key words: sponge, Stylissa flabelliformis , jaspamide, structure elucidation

Antibiotic usage in pediatric respiratory tract infection NM Yasin; MB Bahari; HIM Ismail
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 1, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Respiratory tract infections are the worldwide main cause of death in children aging less than 5 years. In developed countries; respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of morbidity, accounted for 20% of medical consultation, 30% of work absenteeism and 75 % of all antibiotic prescription. Upper respiratory tract infections in children, which often associated with viral infection, and in average about 40 – 60 % of children with upper respiratory tract infections were prescribed with antibiotics. The type of antibiotics also varies from hospital to another.The objectives of this study are to describe the pattern, outcome, and cost of antibiotic usage in pediatric respiratory tract infections. A prospective study of pediatrics admitted to Pediatric Ward, Penang Hospital for respiratory tract infections was carried out. Appropriate descriptive analysiswas used. The results showed that penicillin, erythromycin; amoxicillinclavulanate were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. The average duration of antibiotic therapy 3.0 ± 3.2 days, fever clearance time 2.2 ± 2.4 days, improvement of sign and symptoms 3.7 ± 2.5 days and mean length of stay in the ward was 4.9 ± 2.8 days. The average cost of antibiotics was RM 14.83 ± 83.13, and total cost of respiratory tract infections treatment was RM 98.88 ± 65.87.Key words: antibiotic, respiratory tract infection, pediatric, hospital

Inhibitory potency of some methoxyphenyl derivatives compounds on class mu GST activity in vitro Sudibyo Martono
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 1, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Methoxy phenyl derivative’s compounds i.e. curcumin, ferulic acid, and indomethacin have been reported to have inhibitory effects on rat’s liver glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity. Vaniline and ferulic acid have been known as degradation products of curcumin, and still have methoxy phenyl groups on the structures. Until the recent years, there is no information concerning the influences of methoxy phenyl derivative’s compounds i.e. vaniline, dimethylcurcumin and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate on GST-activity. The aim of this research is to study the correlation of the inhibitory activity of class mu GST isolated from uninduced and phenobarbital-induced rat liver cytosol by curcumin, dimethylcurcumin, vaniline, indomethacin, ethyl pmethoxycinnamate, and ferulic acid. GST activity was measured spectrophotometrically on the conjugation of DCNB and GSH. The results showed that the inhibitory activity of mu class GST in uninduced or phenobarbital-induced rat liver GST were decreasing as follow : curcumin, dimethylcurcumin, vaniline, indomethacin, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, and ferulic acid.Key words: methoxyphenyl derivative’s compounds, glutathione S-transferases activity.

The formation of inclusion complex of phenobarbital with hydroxypropyl-Î²-cyclodextrine Isadiartuti, Dewi; ., Suwaldi
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 16 No 1, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Phenobarbital, a hypnotic and sedative agent, was found to form inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl-Î²-cyclodextrine at 1:1 molar ratio. The formation of inclusion complex in the solution was detected due to the increased solubility of phenobarbital and in the solid was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, X-Ray diffractometry, and infrared spectroscopy.In the solid, inclusion complex was prepared by freezed drying method. The inclusion complex formed was characterized, compared with phenobarbital, hydroxypropyl-Î²-cyclodextrine, and the physical mixture of phenobarbital and hydroxypropyl-Î²-cyclodextrine.Analyses using DSC and X-ray diffractometry showed that phenobarbital formed inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl-Î²-cyclodextrine.Key words : phenobarbital, hydroxypropyl-Î²-cyclodextrine, inclusion complex

Synthesis of 5-ethyl-carbamyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3 benzodioxoles as an insecticide ., Sumantri
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 1, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The imported insecticides which are commonly used such as carbamate, organophosphate and organochlorine insecticides, have a high level of toxicity, and persist in the environment for a long period of time. The research aims to synthesize a possible insecticide that is 5-ethyl-carbamyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3- benzodioxole, which is expected to perform a low level toxicity since it contains benzodioxole moiety which has natural antioxidant activity and also functions as insecticide synergist.The compound was synthesized by nitration of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole as the condensation product between catechol and propanon-2, which was followed by reduction with Zn and HCl, and acylation using ethylchloroformate in triethylamine. The product obtained from the synthesis was purified by column chromatography, then elucidation of structure was carried out by spectroscopic method. The products obtained were also analysed by gas chromatographic and GCMS methods.The results indicate that the product 5-ethylcarbamyl-2,-dimethyl-1,3- benzodioxole can be synthesized by condensation reaction of 2,2-dime-thyl-1,3-benzodioxole, then folowed by nitration of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole, reduction of 5-nitro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole, and acylationof 5- amino-2,2- dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole. The yield obtained was 15,02%.Key words: synthesis, 5-ethylcarbamyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole, insecticide

Cytotoxicity testing of alkaloid compounds isolated from sponge Petrosia sp: its potency for development of anticancer agent Astuti, Puji; Alam, Gemini; Hartati, Mae Sri; Sari, Dinar; Wahyuono, Subagus
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 1, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Cancer is still a major problem and common cause of death around the world. Various therapeutic agents have been developed to fight against cancer, but none of these agents give satisfactory results and without debilitating side effects. A number of researches have been conducted to search anticancer compounds with renewed vigour.Sponges, marine invertebrates, are known as rich sources of compounds which pronounced pharmacological activities. The aims of this study are to determine cytotoxic effect of two toxic compounds isolated from chloroform fraction of Petrosia sp sponges collected from Bunaken on myeloma cells.The two toxic compounds were isolated based on bioassay guidedisolation on brine shrimp larvae. Isolation was conducted using column chromatography followed by preparative TLC. Cytotoxic effect of the two compounds was conducted in 96 well plate using RPMI 1640 as medium. The number of viable cells was determined using MTT assay and LC50 (Î¼g/mL) of the compounds was analysed using probit analysis.The results showed that the two compounds were alkaloid and toxic to larva A. salina with LC50 of 7.23 (compound 1) and 5.69 Î¼g/mL (compound 2). These compounds were also toxic to myeloma cells with LC50 values of 16.95 Î¼g/mL (compound 1) and 18.8 Î¼g/mL (compound 2). The longer the incubation time, the compounds were more toxic as showed by the lower LC50 values .Key words: cytotoxic, Petrosia sp, Artemia salina Leach, myeloma

Analysis of compounds possessing inhibitory properties on mice locomotor activity from essential oils of Ki Lemo bark (Litsea cubeba lour. Pers) Muchtaridi .; Anton Apriyantono; Anas Subarnas; Slamet Budijanto
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 1, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Ki lemo barks has been used as traditional spasmolitic (called oils of massage) since a long time by ethnic of Dayak. The odors inhaled is presumed possessing inhibitory on mice locomotor activity. The present research has been done to determine the components in blood plasma of mice after inhalation of essential oil of ki lemo barks, and the possibility of their role in the inhibition on mice locomotor activity.Inhalation of essential oil of ki lemo bark (Litsea cubeba Lour. Pers) at the doses of 0.5 ml inhibit locomotor up to 60,75 %, whereas at the doses of 0.1 ml and 0.3 ml inhibit locomotor activity of 57,44 % and 54,20 %, respectively.Identification and quantification of volatile active compounds in the blood plasma were carried out by GC-MS analysis after half an hour, one hour, and two hours inhalation. The blood plasma of three mice were collected in heparin tube, isolated and concentrated by the C-18 column (100 mg-Seppak Waters) eluted with methanol and bidistilled water (60:40). The major compounds identified were citronellol, citronellal, α-terpineol, and 1,8-cineole. The blood level of those substances was increasing for one hour after inhalation but decreasing after two hours.Key words : essential oil of ki lemo bark (Litsea cubeba Lour. Pers), inhalation, locomotors.

The micromeritics parameter changing of three inhalation dosage forms Riswaka Sudjaswadi; Agatha Budi Susiana Lestari
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 1, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Droplet and particle size measurements obtained after spraying of three inhalation aerosols dosage forms by microscopic methods, had been carried out, and their distributions had also been reported.The results showed that the geometric mean diameter ( dg ) is getting higher since the first spray to the last. Whilst the geometric standard deviation ( τg ) fluctuated preferably to the moderate polydispersity.Key words : inhalation aerosols, geometric diameter and standard deviation

Phalerin, a new benzophenoic glucoside isolated from the methanolic extract of Mahkota Dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (scheff). Boerl.] leaves Hartati W, Mae Sri; Mubarika, Sofia; Gandjar, Ibnu G; Hamann, Mark T; Rao, KV; Wahyuono, Subagus
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 16 No 1, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Mahkota Dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff). Boerl.] is used traditionally to treat cancers in Indonesia. Extract methanol of the leaves displayed a small LC50 value (63.16 Î¼g/ml) on BST (Brine Shrimp Lethality test) assay; therefore a phytochemical study of this extract was undertaken. A new benzophenoic glucoside was isolated from the methanol extract and identified as 4,5-dihydroxy,4â-methoxybenzophenone-3-0-Î²-D-glucoside (Phalerin) based on its spectroscopic data. Phalerin was cytotoxic to myeloma cell line (NS-1) (in vitro) having IC50 of 83 Î¼g/ml or 1.9 x 10-1 mM.Key words: Phaleria macrocarpa, Phalerin, myeloma

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