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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 24 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 20 No 4, 2009" : 24 Documents clear

Assay method validation of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) to support the investigation of TA-loaded nanoparticles Nastiti, Christofori Maria Ratna Rini
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The aim of this study was to develop the valid analytical method which used for the assay of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in the investigation of TA-loaded nanoparticle formulations. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was applied in this study by using an Econosil column, C18 10 'm, 250 x 4.6 mm (Alltech Associates Inc, PA, USA) as the stationary phase. The mobile phase consisted of a composition of acetonitrile (ACN) and 20mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 4.2) in the proportion of 50:50 v/v. The HPLC assay of TA was validated for selectivity, linearity, precision, recovery (accuracy), sensitivity and stability of TA during the assay. Results showed that the concentration of TA in the samples can be determined against the standard in the concentration range of calibration curve. The system precision and level of recovery were considered to be acceptable, and the method was selective and sensitive.Key words: triamcinolone acetonide, assay, validation

Methyleugenol, a major metabolite on culture of endophytic fungi isolated from pandan wangi plant Andria Agusta; Yuliasri Jamal; Praptiwi .
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Two kinds of endophytic fungi i.e. Colletotricum sp. PWD2 and Coelomycetes PWA1 isolated from pandan wangi (Pandanus amarylifolius) have been cultivated in a liquid medium, GYP for 3 weeks at room temperature without agitation. The ethyl acetate extracts derived from liquid cultures showed antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The GC-MS analysis results showed methyleugenol as main metabolite in the ethyl acetate extract of both fungi cultures.Key words: pandan wangi, Pandanus amarylifolius, endophytic fungi, antifungal, methyleugenol

The effect of combination therapy of sulfonylurea, metformin, and acarbose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients Tri Murti Andayani; Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim; Ahmad H. Asdie
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Diabetes mellitus is a complex disorder that involves multiple pathophysiological defects. As the disease progresses, further functional decline in β-cell is apparent. In most cases, patients on oral antidiabetic therapy will require not only an increase in dose, but also the addition of a second or third oral agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of triple therapy with sulfonylurea, metformin, and acarbose in patients with poorly controlled glycemia. The study design was a prospective observational study in 49 type 2 diabetic patients followed in Department of Endocrinology RSUP Dr Sardjito Indonesia from May 2007 to September 2008. Patients with hypertension were included if their blood pressure was well controlled with antihypertensive medication. All patients with documented gastrointestinal disease were excluded. At baseline and at 3-month intervals, levels of HbA1C, fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, hypoglycemic episodes, and edverse event were evaluated. Fourty nine patients, 22 men and 27 women, aged 62.84 +7.85 years, diabetes duration of 11.92 +6.09 years were studied. The initial HbA1C level was 8.08 +1.89 % which significantly increased to 8.73 +2.37 % (p<0.05). Only 32.98 % of subjects achieved target value of HbA1C (≤ 7 %). Fasting and post-prandrial plasma glucose values were increased from 160.39 +60.25 mg/dL to 170.71+56.60 mg/dL and 210.31+ 75.88 mg/dL to 218.67 +75.03 mg/dL respectively, but not significantly different. Acarbose was more frequently associated with flatulence (46 %) and abdominal bloating (12 %), metformin with flatulence (12 %), nausea (14 %), diarrhea (2 %) and abdominal discomfort (6 %). In conclusion, combination therapy of sulfonylurea, metformin, and acarbose in type 2 diabetic patients with poorly controlled glycemia can cause the additive risk of adverse events.Key words : triple therapy, glycemic control, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Morphological studies of apoptotic HeLa cells death induced by eurycomanone Nurkhasanah .; Azimahtol Hawariah Lope Pihie; Jalifah Latip
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Eurycomanone is a cytotoxic ingredient found in Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Previous studies have noted its activity against many epithelial cell lines. In this study, eurycomanone had obvious cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells by methylene blue staining assays. After HeLa cells were treated with eurycomanone, typical morphological changes, including cytoplasm shrinkage and decrease of cell volume were observed by light microscope. Chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation could be observed by fluorescence microscope after staining with Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining. DNA fragmentation and apoptotic body formation that is characteristic of apoptosis could be determined after treated cells were assayed with TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling). The externalization of phosphatidyl serine (PS) could be determined by flow cytometry analysis using Annexin-V/PI double staining. The result suggested that eurycomanone exerted antiproliferative activity on HeLa cells by inducing apoptosis.Key words : eurycomanone, cytotoxic, apoptosis, HeLa

CYP1A1 and GSTm expression of hepatocytes induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and the influence of ethanolic extract of Gynura procumbens Iwan Sahrial Hamid; Sugiyanto .; Edy Meiyanto; Sitarina Widyarini
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The cytochrome P-450 (CYP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme systems may influence the biological effects of carcinogens. As such, these enzymes may predict the developmental risk of breast cancer, as well as be potential targets for chemoprevention. The purpose of this study was to compare the expression of CYP1A1 and GST* between treatment groups. Expression of CYP1A1 and GST* was quantified in liver tissue from 18 female Sprague Dawley rats aged 40 days, which randomly divided into six treatment groups. Those are base line group (without DMBA and ethanolic extract treatment), DMBA induced cancer group, the other two groups was administrated by DMBA after treated by ethanolic extract in two different doses, 300 mg /kg BW and 750 mg/kg BW. The last two groups were given two doses of extract ethanolic only, without initiated of DMBA. The ingestion of the extract was carried for three weeks and the ingestion of DMBA was performed twice in the third week. The expression CYP1A1 and GST was quantified by immunohistochemistry. CYP1A1 expression was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in cancer group (DMBA) as compared with other groups. On the other hand, GST expression was lower in cancer group (P < 0.05). Result of this study demonstrated that ethanolic extract leaves of G. procumbens in 300 mg/kg BW dose could inhibit CYP1A1 stronger than are other and induced GST* level. Has effect on ethanolic extract leaves of G. procumbens has ability in played role of as blocking agent in preventing initiation stage of carsinogenesis, therefore it should be taken into account for chemopreventing agent in mammary carsinogenesis.Key words : Gynura procumbens, breast cancer, Chemopreventive, CYP1A1, GSTμ

Synthesis and gastric ulcer protective activity of chlorinated quercetin Gusdinar, Tutus; Herowati, Rina; Kartasasmita, R. E.; Adnyana, I Ketut
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Gastrointestinal toxicity due to non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs can be inhibited by the compounds that have antioxidant activity. Quercetin is a flavonoid that has antioxidant activity and protection effect against gastric ulcer. Chlorination of quercetin enhanced the antioxidant activity. This study aims to obtain the chlorinated derivative of quercetin and examine the protection effect against acetosal-induced gastric ulcer. Chlorination was done by the addition of chlorine at room temperature. Ulcer induction was carried out on rats by oral administration of acetosal. Incidences of gastric ulcer were determined by macroscopic and microscopic observation. Chlorination of quercetin with chlorine gas produced 6-chloroqueretin as major product. The protection effect against acetosal-induced gastric ulcer of this compound was higher than quercetin.Key words : quercetin, chlorination, gastric ulcer, NSAIDs

Optimization of chitosan, sodium carboxy methyl celulose and magnesium stearat as mucoadhesive system in captopril tablet Irawan, Eka Deddy; Fudholi, Achmad
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure. It has been reported that the duration of antihypertensive action after a single oral dose of captopril is only 6â8 h. Captopril is most stable at acidic condition and as the pH increases, it becomes unstable and undergoes a degradation reaction. These indicates a promising potential of the captopril mucoadhesive system as an alternative to the conventional dosage form. The objective of the current study was to find an optimum formula of mucoadhesive tablet for captopril using factorial design. Tablets were evaluated for mucoadhesive strength and drug release profile. The studies were perfomed to establish composition of chitosan, sodium CMC and Mg stearat. Such composition could produce mucoadhesive strength with a zero order release kinetics. A 23 factorial design has been applied to systematically optimize the formula. The amounts of chitosan (XA), sodium CMC (XB), and Mg stearat (XC) were selected as independent variables. Mucoadhesive strength and dissolution efficiency (DE480) were selected as dependent variables. According the contour plot suggested that optimum formula will be reach mucoadhesive strength (26-30 g) and DE480 (â¥70 %) chitosan at low to middle level (20-35 mg), sodium CMC at middle to high level (150-200 mg), and Mg stearat at low to middle level (4-6 mg).Key words : mucoadhesive, factorial design, DE480 , chitosan, CMC Na, Mg stearat, contour plot

The effects of PGV-1 and PGV-2 on the b-hexosaminidase release from intraceluller calcium ion-induced mast cells Agung Endro Nugroho; Sardjiman .; Kazutaka Maeyama
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

PGV-1 or 2,5-bis(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethylbenzylidene)cyclopentanone and PGV-2 or 2,5-bis(4'-hydroxy-3',5' diethylbenzylidene)cyclopentanone are two benzylidene cyclopentanone analogues of curcumin. In our study, we investigated the effects of these compounds on the b-hexoaminidase enzyme release from mast cell culture (RBL-2H3 cell line). Thapsigargin and ionomycin were used as intracellular calcium ion stimulants for inducing b-hexoaminidase enzyme release from mast cells. The release of b-hexoaminidase enzyme was determined by colorimetric methods with substrate, p-nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranocide, and a microplate reader at 405 nm. In present study, treatment of 0.5 mM thapsigargin or 1 mM ionomycin could stimulate the release of b-hexoaminidase enzyme from RBL-2H3 cells by 43.91 ± 1.30 % and 52.93 ± 2.07 %, respectively. PGV-1 and PGV-2 showed inhibitory effects on the b-hexoaminidase enzyme release from RBL-2H3 cells induced by the increase of intraceluller calcium ion in dose dependent manner. At the dose of 100 mM, PGV-1 and PGV-2, respectively, inhibited the b-hexoaminidase enzyme release by 73.51 ± 8.69 % and 66.42 ± 8.63 % on thapsigargin experiments; and by 89.73 ± 3.23 % and 38.57 ± 5.32 % on ionomycin experiments. The IC50 values of their effects on the b-hexoaminidase enzyme release from RBL-2H3 cells, respectively, were 22.20 mM and 22.27 mM on thapsigargin experiment; and 22.77 mM and >100 mM on ionomycin experiment. Based on the results, the inhibitory effect of PGV-1 and PGV-2 on the b-hexoaminidase enzyme release from RBL-2H3 cells involving mechanisms related to the alteration on activation processes of intracellular calcium ion on mast cells.Key words : Curcumin, PGV-1, PGV-2, mast cells, b-hexoaminidase enzyme

The effect of mengkudu fruit methanolic extract and methanolic residual fraction on GLUT-4 protein elevation Aguslina Kirtishanti; Ryanto Budiono
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Investigating in the Diabetes Mellitus drug which one having good activity and tolerance to patients are still in researchers’ concern. One of the main topics now days is the use of mengkudu plants as a traditional medicine of Diabetes Mellitus. This research was aimed to determine the increase of GLUT-4 protein in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus rats after given methanolic extract and methanolic residual of mengkudu fruit. The male rats were diabetic induced with exogenous i.p. insulin for 10 days. After showing hyperglycemic effect, the rats were given orally methanolic extract and methanolic residual fraction of mengkudu fruit for 4 days. On the fifth day, fasting blood glucose was measured and the rats were sacrificed to take the thigh muscle tissue for immunohistochemical calculation. The result showed that methanolic extract and methanolic residual of mengkudu fruit increase the amount of GLUT-4 protein, but can not reduce fasting blood glucose levels of male white rats.Key words : mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.), methanolic extract and methanolic residual, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, GLUT-4 protein

The influence of oleic acid-propylene glycol mixture and iontophoresis to propranolol transdermal transport Lucia Hendriati; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Propranolol has an intensive first pass metabolism, resulted in a low oral bioavailability. One alternative to circumvent such problem is the delivery by transdermal route. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oleic acid 10 % (in propylene glycol 20 %) as enhancer, with and without iontophoresis, on transdermal transport of propranolol. Propranolol delivery was examined based on the in vitro transport studies across the rat skin (after hair removal) in a vertical diffusion cells system. Skin was pretreated with the mixture of oleic acid 10 % (in propylene glycol 20 %) for 3 hours. Iontophoresis was performed at a current density of 0.25 mA/cm2 for 3 hours. Donor compartment was filled with propranolol solution (5 mg/mL in citric buffer pH 5), while the acceptor phase was filled with phosphate buffer saline at pH 7.4. The results indicate that the enhancement methods increase the transdermal penetration of propranolol (p<0.05). The flux without any enhancement methods was 13.16 ± 0.79 mg/cm2/hour. The flux with either oleic acid-propylene glycol pretreatment, iontophoresis or combination of both were 28.75 ± 3.04 mg/cm2/hour, 40.47 ± 5.78 mg/cm2/hour, and 85.42 ± 16.94 mg/cm2/hour respectively. Based on mathematics calculation, if an iontophoretic patch of 12 cm2 is used after skin pretreatment with oleic acid - propylene glycol mixture, the steady state plasma concentration of propranolol could reach 24.65 mg/mL. Therefore, therapeutic level might be achieved. This indicated a promising future of transdermal delivery of propranolol.Key words : propranolol, transdermal, enhancer

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