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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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Evaluation of side effect of risperidon on schizophrenic patient in Amino Gondohutomo hospital Semarang M. Caecilia N Setiawati; Nanang Munif Yasin; Septiana Laksmi R
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 2, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Schizophrenia is a psychiatrical chronical disease of human being’s mind which can influence someone so that it bothered the interpersonal relation and ability to have a social relationship. Antipsychotic drug can be used to overcome the symptom of schizophrenia, for example risperidone. This study was aims to evaluate the side effects of the use of risperidoneon the inpatient of Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Mental Hospital Semarang for a month in the period of February 2008. This evaluation covers the side effects of medicine that occur due to the use of risperidone, concomitant administration of risperidone and other antipsychotic, drug interaction,and also executed therapy of the side effects of the risperidone. This study followed the descriptive analysis, while the data collecting was conducted prospectively. The subjects of research were represented by the entire patients of the inpatient ward of Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Mental Hospital Semarang during the period of February 2008 and fulfilled the inclusive criteria. The inclusive criteria covered the patients who were diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenia, hebephrenic schizophrenia, catatonic schizophrenia, undetailed schizophrenia and received anti-psychotic risperidone medication. Based on these criteria 31 samples were found. The result of the study indicated that the most possibility of side effects of the use of risperidone was agitation (19.51 %), with the most anti-psychotic combination of risperidone and haloperidol (45.83 %) and there were 15 interactions which could potentially cause a drug side effect.Key words: schizophrenia, drug side effects, anti-psychoticrisperidone

INFLUENCE OF Morinda citrifolia, L. FRUIT EXTRACT AS ADJUVANT ON IG-Y PRODUCTION RAISED IN LAYING CHICKENS AGAINST AVIAN INFLUENZA VACCINE Ediati Sasmito; Sri Harimurti; Hendy Nurhidayat; Wahyu Anggoro; Elika Nur Hikmawati; Joko Tri Wibowo; Atut Sulma Avi; Nurul Hilmi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 23 No 2, 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Immunized avian with vaccine, produces specific antibody in the serum as well as in the egg yolk. An adjuvant is used to augment the effects of a vaccine by stimulating the immune response. Morinda citrifolia, L., especially the fruit contains of some chemical compounds such as polysaccharide, scopoletin, damnacanthal, proxeronine and proxeroninase. All those of active compounds, are soluble in different solvents and have different activities. Some of those compounds have adjuvant activity. The aim of our study was to observe the capability of M.citrifolia fruit extracts as adjuvant to enhance the specific antibody (IgY) production in immunized laying chickens Lohmann strain (28 weeks old) with a commercially available avian influenza (H5N2) vaccine. To the groups (@6) of laying chickens were orally administered once a day, through out of the study, with n-hexane (group I; divided ino 3 sub groups), ethanolic (group II; divided into 3 subgroups) and aqueous extract (group III; divided into 3 subgroups) of M.citrifolia (prepared in capsules) on dose of 29 mg; 58 mg; and 116 mg/chicken/day, respectively, and group IV as plasebo control and group V as normal control. All of the groups were induced with avian influenza vaccine, except the normal control. Eggs of 3, 6, and 10 weeks after immunized, were collected. Isolation of IgY was performed by repeated polyethylene glycol 6000 precipitation steps. IgY obtained was analyzed by indirect ELISA method. The serum was tested for antibody specificity against the influenza H5N2 virus by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) method. The result of this study showed that the dose of 58 mg/chicken/day of aqueous extract of M.citrifolia fruit had an optimal capability to enhance specific antibody (IgY) as well as IgG serum production against avian influenza (H5N2) vaccine .Key words: Adjuvant, extract, Morinda citrifolia, L., H5N2 vaccine, immunoglobulin yolk (IgY)

NEW HOPE ON DRUG LEADS DEVELOPMENT FROM DEEP OCEAN: HALOGENATED ALKALOIDS OF AGELAS SPONGES Hertiani, Triana
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 25 No 4, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Agelas sponge is found in abundancy from Indonesiaâs ocean. This sponge produces an important chemotaxonomic group of compounds, derived from pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. This group of compounds is one of those exclusively found from marine environment. Marine sponges are reported to be promising drug lead producers having unique chemical structures of which many have no terrestrial counterparts. The objective of this report is to give an overview of the reported attempts from up to down stream to develop pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids as new drug lead. Literatures up to 2013 reporting this group of compounds from Agelas sponges were studied. Discussion on the halogenated alkaloids covers the producers, description of high chemical diversity, identification, biosynthesis and ecological relevance as well as their role as a promising drug candidate. Alternatives to provide continous supplies for drug development are also discussed considering that wild harvesting of the sponge producers can lead to ecological damage in the future . Broad range of interesting pharmacological importance as well as several success in developing synthetic route for production supports its development as drug candidate.Â

Potency of use ferrous sulphate from iron waste workshop bubut for raw material pharmacy Sunardi .
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 3, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Iron Deficieny Anemia (IDA) representing one of especial micronutrient deficiency that happened in Indonesia. IDA suffered by Indonesia resident about 100 million soul. One of effort of handling IDA is supplementation by ferro sulphate. To serve the purpose of raw material pharmacy have to be up to standard quality of set in Pharmacopoeia of Indonesia Edition IV. This Research aimed to make, to purify and characterization ferro sulphate from iron waste. The produce with reacted iron waste and acid sulphate 25% during 2 day. Crystal dissociated and purified by recrystalization, and then characterization with SEM-EDS. Result of research showed that ferro sulphate from iron waste of workshop bubut fulfill the standard quality of in Indonesia Pharmacopoeia Edition IV.Key words : iron waste, ferrous sulfate, recrystalization, characterization.

The acute toxicity of isolates from n-hexane and ethanolic fraction of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. which have immunostimulatory activity Katrin .; Andreanus A. Soemardji; Asep Gana Soeganda; Iwang Soediro
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 4, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The acute toxiciy of two isolates from n-hexane fraction and ethanolic fractions of Dendrophthoe pentandra ( L) Miq. leaves have been investigated. Isolate HD54 (ß-sitosterol) Isolat HD54 (ß-sitosterol) isolated from nhexane fraction and ED44 (quercitrine) from ethanolic fraction, which these two fraction have immunostimulatory activity. The acute toxicity test of isolates were investigated on mice after giving a single dose of samples by observing their influences on behavioral responses (pharmacological profile), the development of body weight and mortality each day for 14 days. The observation vital organ have been done on fifteeth day. The results of acute toxicity test after giving the two isolates to males and females mice showed that until a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight was no animal died and significant toxic effect. Therefore LD50 of the two isolates on mice were higher than 2000 mg/kg body weight. Key words : acute toxicity, immunostimulant, Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq., LD50 .

EFFECT OF RIFAMPICIN PRETREATMENT ON HIPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF GLYPIZIDE AMONG HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS Luciana Kuswibawati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 14 No 2, 2003
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The incidence of tuberculosis in diabetic patients is high, therefore, the combination usage of antituberculosis (rifampicin) and antidiabetic (glypizide) medicines is inevitable. Rifampicin, an enzyme inductor, capable to influence the metabolism of other medicine when administered in concordance. The aimed of this study, therefore, was to investigate the influence of rifampicin pre-treatment on hypoglycaemic effect of glypizide (a second generation of sulphonylurea) among 12 Indonesia healthy volunteers, of both sexes. This study applied randomized crossover design receiving with and without rifampicin pre-treatment. Prior to starting the experiment, the pre-treatment group was given 450 mg of rifampicin orally daily for 7 days. Subsequently, single dose of 5 mg glypizide was administered to both of control and pre-treatment groups. The blood samples were then collected at a certain interval time for 7 hours. Glucose Oxydase (GOD) method were used to analyze the level of glucose in blood samples. The result showed no significant influence of rifampicin on hypoglycaemic effect of glypizide. However, it was found that rifampicin reduced significantly blood glucose level at 2.5 and 3 hours for 51.38 % and 20.58 %, respectively. The conclution of this study exhibit that pre-treatment with 450 mg of rifampicin daily for 7 days did not affect AUC0-7 blood glucose level as a result of single dose administration of 5 mg glypizide.Key words : rifampicin, glypizide, hypoglycaemic effect

Macroporous thermosensitive poly(HEMA-coNIPAAm) hydrogels for controlled drug delivery application Setiyorini, Yuli
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 4, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

ControlledÂ deliveryÂ systemsÂ ofÂ aÂ predeterminedÂ doseÂ overÂ aÂ sustained periodÂ haveÂ beenÂ usedÂ toÂ overcomeÂ theÂ shortcomingsÂ ofÂ conventionalÂ dosage forms. This is because the controlled drug delivery system can provide sustained therapeuticÂ levelÂ ofÂ drugÂ concentrationÂ withoutÂ toxicityÂ andÂ convenienceÂ for patients. It would be more beneficial and ideal if the drug could be delivered by aÂ deviceÂ thatÂ wouldÂ respondÂ toÂ externalÂ environmentalÂ change.Â Therefore,Â the correctÂ amountÂ ofÂ drugÂ wouldÂ beÂ releasedÂ uponÂ theÂ stimulationÂ ofÂ suchÂ a temperature change. The purpose of study is synthesisÂ of macroporous thermal responsiveÂ poly(HEMA-co-NIPAAM)Â hydrogelsÂ byÂ freeÂ radicalÂ polymerizationÂ for controlled drug delivery applications. Effect of varying water and HEMA-NIPAAm ratioÂ inÂ theÂ monomerÂ mixtureÂ wereÂ resultedÂ interconnectedÂ macroporous structure.Â FromÂ theÂ result,Â 5HEMA15NIPAAmÂ wasÂ showedÂ theÂ mostÂ rapid responsivenessÂ inÂ swellingÂ ratio,Â polymerÂ volumeÂ fraction,Â swellingÂ and deswellingÂ kinetics.Â TheÂ highÂ drugÂ loadingÂ capacityÂ wasÂ achievedÂ atÂ orÂ below ambient Â temperature,Â whilstÂ theÂ releaseÂ profileÂ was revealedÂ sustainÂ releaseÂ of conventionalÂ anti-inflammatoryÂ drug;Â prednisoloneÂ 21Â hemisuccinateÂ sodium salt.Â InÂ general,Â incorporatingÂ appropriateÂ amountÂ ofÂ waterÂ andÂ HEMA-NIPAAm ratio can improve the swelling properties, drug loading capacity and drug release profile, which can be use for sustained release of various medication.Key words: macroporous, thermosensitive hydrogel, controlled drug delivery application

Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) prevents the ‘priming’ effect of estradiol-17β Ika Puspita Sari; Jessica Jacobi; Alexandra Rao; Iain Clarke
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 22 No 3, 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

GnIH inhibits GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion in the sheep by action on the pituitary gonadotropes. Estradiol-17β(E2) also acts at the level of the pituitary gonadotrope to exert negative and positive feedback effects on gonadotropin secretion. The positive effect facilitates the estrogen-induced surge in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and LH. This study was undertaken to determine whether this ‘priming’ effect of E2 is prevented by GnIH. Cultured pituitary cells were treated with GnRH or vehicle every 4 h for 24 h with and without GnIH and E2 treatment. GnRH stimulated (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion was increased by E2 treatment. The effect of E2 was overcomes by the inhibitory effect of GnIH. We conclude that GnIH may counteract the priming effect of E2 on pituitary gonadotropes.Key words:Gonadotropin, gonadotrope, gonadotropin inhibitoryhormone, estradiol

COMPARTMENTAL MODELING APPROACH OF LOSARTAN TRANSDERMAL TRANSPORT IN VITRO Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 1, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Development of losartan in transdermal formulation is important due to its low oral bioavailability. Optimal transdermal formulation requires transport mechanism understanding. This study was aimed to develop and evaluate compartmental modeling of losartan transdermal transport in vitro to fulfil this demand. Losartan solution (10g/L in 20% propylene glycol) was filled into the acceptor phase of a vertical diffusion-cells system. The fresh rat skin (pretreated with oleic acid for 1 hour) was used as the transport membrane separating the donor and the acceptor phase, which was filled with phosphate-buffered-saline pH 7.4. During 30h, samples were collected and analyzed using HPLC method. Four compartmental models were proposed, i.e. models with one (model 1) or two (model 2) lag-compartment(s) either with a zero-order (model A) or a first- order (model B) drug input from donor to the skin. WinSAAM was used to evaluate the models based on the parameters: 1) visual goodness of fit (GOF); and 2) Corrected Akaike's Information Criterion (AICc). Both the GOF and AICc evaluations indicated model 2-A as the best model describing losartan transdermal transport. The model suggested that after reaching the upper layer of skin at a constant rate, losartan transport was split into two flows. Both flows are transited in two separate lag-compartments before reaching into the acceptor phase.Key words: Transdermal, Losartan, Modeling, Lag-compartment, WinSAAM

OPTIMATION OF CALLUS GROWTH MEDIUM OF Vitex Trifolia IN IN-VITRO CULTURE Andayana Puspitasari; CJ. Soegihardjo
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 13 No 1, 2002
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

A research has been done to optimize of callus growth medium of Vitex trifolia plants in in -vitro culture. These recent years, people start searching new drugs from plants. Vitex trifolia or Legundi has been used to cure swell and as a carminative. The last research reported that this plant contains viteosin-a and vitexicapin which can used as tracheo-spasmolytic. The aimed of this research was to find the sterilization method and to measure the callus growth from leaf explant planted in Murashige-Skoog (MS) solid medium in many combinations of 2,4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4D) and kinetin, afterwards the compounds content in callus and in original plant was compared. The leaf of Vitex trifolia which had been collected from Pharmaceutical Biology department,. faculty of Pharmacy garden was washed in water stream and sterilized by developing into solution of mercury chloride and with tween 80.(as the wetting agent). Using Laminar air flow the explant was planted aceptically in MS solid medium. Culture vessels were placed in a cabinet at 25 3 C, and radiated 16-hour daily using TL lamp (40 watts). After 25-30 days, the callus were subcultured, then after 14-16 days the subculture callus were collected and dried at 50-80C. The dried callus and dry powdered leaf of Vitex trifolia, were macerated with chloroform-methanol (1: 1), then the concetrated extractan was applied on a silica gel GF 254 plate and eluated with chloroform-etil acetate (10: 1). The optimal of sterization method was developing explants in solution of 0,05 % mercury chloride and two drops of tween 80 per 100 ml mixture, for 10 minutes. The optimal combination of 2,4D and kinetin for growing callus in growth MS solid medium was 1 mg/L: 1 mg/L. The Chromatograms show that the chemical constituents in callus are not influenced by variation of growth fertilizer agent in medium plant and the chromatogram of secunder metabolites fund in original plant as well as in callus had no significantly different.Key words: in-vitro culture, Vitex trifolia

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